
qualfundepl(QFD)管理培训资料(PPT 60页).ppt
59页Quality Function DeploymentOverview质量功能展开(QFD)概览,1. Introduction 导言 2. QFD--A way of thinking QFD--一种思维方式 3. QFD--A tool QFD--一种工具,QUIZ,QFD is a tool used in the _________ strategy of MAPS. This strategy is used for ________ problems, when ___________. QFD is part of the ___________ process at General Motors and Delphi Automotive.,,,Objectives of the OverviewQFD概览的主要目标,1. Introduce the QFD way of thinking 介绍QFD思维方式 2. Introduce QFD Terminology 介绍QFD专业术语 3. Show the QFD Process 介绍QFD实施过程,,,Part 1第一部分,Introduction 导言,,,QFD is two thingsQFD的两项用途,A way of thinking: 作为一种思维方式: thinking about Quality; 考虑质量问题; striving for Continuous Improvement; 致力于不断改进; - understanding the Customer and his/her needs; 了解客户及其需求; - assuring the product satisfies those needs; 确保,产品能够满足这些需求; - striving to excite the Customer. 努力激发客户对产品的兴趣。
QFD is two thingsQFD的两项用途,A tool: 作为一种工具: for summarizing and organizing customer needs; 用于汇总和调整客户的各种需求; for prioritizing Customer needs with other requirements; 用于按优先次序排列客户需求与其它要求;,QFD is two thingsQFD的两项用途,for translating Customer needs and other requirements into measureable product characteristics, and further translating into design features, material specs, etc.用于将客户需求和其它要求转化为可测量的产品特性,并进一步转化为设计特点,材料规格等 Without the right frame of mind, the tool is meaningless. 如果没有一个正确的思维方式,这一工具将毫无意义Part 2第二部分,QFD is a way of thinking QFD是一种思维方式,,,Quality质量Some Traditional and Common Definitions一些常用的普通定义,Manufacturer Side: 制造商方面: Staying within tolerances 不超出公差限度 Passes inspection 检验合格 Works the first time 无返工 Zero defects 无缺陷,,,Quality质量Some Traditional and Common Definitions一些常用的普通定义,Use of SPC 采用统计过程控制方法(SPC) Added features 增加功能 Expensive materials 采用贵重原材料,,,Quality质量Some Traditional and Common Definitions一些常用的普通定义,Consumer Side: 用户方面 Lasts a long time 使用寿命长 Never needs repair 不需要维修 Lots of features 功能多 High standards 标准高 Good fit of parts/solid feel 零部件装配合适/结实坚固 Expensive materials 使用贵重原材料 I know it when I see it 一见便知,,,History of QFDQFD发展史,Middle Ages--Master Craftsman 中世纪-熟练工匠 Industrial Revolution--Interchangeability/Mass Production 工业革命--互换性/大规模生产 Taylor Revolution--Productivity Up, Quality Down 泰勒革命--产量提高,质量下降 1920s--Shewhart developed Control Chart 20年代--休哈特发明了控制图 WWII--Statistical Tools 第二次世界大战--统计工具,,,History of QFDQFD发展史,Post-WWII--Shortage of Consumer Goods 第二次世界大战后--消费品短缺 Japanese Revolution--Deming, Juran, Taguchi 日本革命--戴明、朱兰、田口,,,History of QFDQFD发展史,1964--Cause and effect for control points 1964年--控制点产生的原因及其影响 1966--Bridgestone tire linked product assurance items to demanded quality 1966年--为满足质量要求,制订了与Bridgestone轮胎有关的 保证、产品质量标准 1966--QFD formalized by Prof. Akao 1966年赤尾教授提出了QFD 1972--揌ouse of Quality?demonstrated at Kobe Shipyard 1972年--千叶造船厂推出了“质量屋”,,,History of QFDQFD发展史,1977--Toyota Rust Study 1977年--建立了丰田锈蚀研究所 1980s--Japanese invasion of Auto Industry 80年代--日本打入汽车业 1990抯-- 揝ix Sigma?tool at GE 90年代--美国通用电气公司采用“6 Sigma”方法,,Control Points (from Akao, 1996)控制点(1996年Akao,教授提出),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Plant Manager 工厂管理人,Section Mgr 部门管理人,,Operators 操作者,Supervisors 监督员,Manuf. Profit Rate 生产利润率,Quantity Variance 数量差异,Individual Effectiveness 个人效率,Overall Yield 总产量,yield of product C 产品C的产量,quantity of items packed 包装产品数量,use volume ratio 使用容积 比率,material quality 材料质量,waste water 废水,reaction temperature 反应温度,downtime 停机时间,reaction base 反应基础,,,,,instrument accuracy 仪器精度,material temperature 材料温度,active ingredients 活性成份,alkali level 碱度,color 颜色,odor 气味,yield 盈利率,production volume 产量,Product Qualitiy 产品质量,,,,GE Plastics Application美国通用电气公司塑料制品应用情况,,,Comm. 通讯,Tech. Sourcing 技术开发,Manuf. 制造,H/R 人类资源,M 工厂废品增加; shorter product life, resulting in landfill; 产品寿命缩短,用完就扔掉; inefficiency, resulting in wasted energy resources; 效率不高造成能源浪费;,,,Loss Function损失函数,noise, vibration, and pollution, resulting in irritation. 噪音、振动和污染令人烦恼; There are other examples as well. 还可以举出其它的例子。
Loss Function损失函数,Taguchi gives a method for depicting and quantifying the loss to society for a single product and for an entire production run. His method is the loss function. 田口提供了一种描述和量化“社会损失”的方法 这种方法既适用于单一产品,也适用于整个生产 过程,这就是损失函数法Loss Function损失函数,,,,Target 目标,,Loss 损失,,,Loss Function损失函数,USL 规格上限,LSL 规格下限,UCL 控制上限,LCL 控制下限,,,Loss 损失,Product Characteristic 产品特性,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Steps for Producing Quality保证质量的步骤,Find or Create a Market Need 了解或创造市场需求 Define the Requirements for the Product 确定对产品的要求 Design the Product for Quality: 设计产品,确保质量: Synthesize the Design for Quality, Reliability, Robustness (Concept Design and Selection) 在设计过程中,综合考虑产品质量、可靠性、耐用性 (概念设计和选择),Steps for Producing Quality保证质量的步骤,Define the Target Values for the Product Characteristics (Detail Design) 确定产品特性的目标值(详细设计) Reduce Variation in manufacturing around the Target Values 在产品制造过程中减少偏离目标值的偏差 Continual Improvement of the Product 不断改进产品质量,,,Quality Function DeploymentSummary (so far)质量功能提要(迄今为止),1. Introduction 导言 2. QFD--A way of thinking QFD-- 一种思维方式 Quality: some traditional definitions 质量:一些传统的定义 There is no universal defini。












