2012年高考英语动词的时态和语态(二).ppt

动词的时态和语态（二）,Hold住高分,问题,攻克,方法,能力,高考动词时态语态易错点有哪些？ 高考动词语态主要考点是什么？ 哪些情况下主动形式可以表被动意义？ 各种时态的被动语态的构成？用法？,各种时态的被动语态的构成？用法？,1. 被动语态的构成： be/ get +及物动词的过去分词,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,2. 英语中被动语态常用于下列几种场合： 不知道动作的执行者；不必提到动作的执行者；强调或侧重动作的承受者;动作的执行者很模糊或是无生命的事物时；有些动词习惯上常用被动语态以及在文章标题、广告、新闻等中e.g.,It’s suggested that we put the meeting off. The window glass was broken by a stone. Girls wanted. 3. “It+be+过去分词+从句”结构的被动结构 It is known that.众所周知,It is suggested that.有人建议It is believed that.有人相信It is hoped that.大家希望It is thought that.大家认为,3. 被动语态与系表结构的区别被动语态中的过去分词是动词，表示动作；系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词，表示状态。

These things are sold quickly.（被动语态） These things are all sold out.（系表结构）,常使用系表结构的词有：be seated坐着，be hidden躲藏，be lost迷路，be drunk喝醉，be dressed穿着，be devoted to致力于；献身，be determined决定，be compared比较4. 不使用被动语态的几种情况 （1）不及物动词或不及物动词短语无被动语态 e.g. （错） The price has been risen. （对） The price has risen.,,,（错） The price has raised. （对） The price has been raised. （错） Please seat. （对） Please be seated.要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的2）当break out,take place,go off,run out,give out,give in,work out,come out,come into being,run out,give in,happen,take place等动词表示“发生；制定”等意思时。

E.g. The plan worked out successfully.,（3）系动词无被动语态，如appear, be, become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等e.g. It sounds good. His plan proved(to be) practical.,哪些情况下主动形式可以表被动意义？,1. 表示主语特征、性质、状态的动词wash, clean, cook, iron, cut, sell, read, wear, draw, write等且带状语修饰语时e.g.The book sells well. This coat dries easily.,2.be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动e.g.I was to blame for the accident. 3.在want, need, require, want, worth, deserve后的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。

e.g. These flowers want/require/need watering.,4. 在“be + 形容词 + to do”中，不定式与主语或被修饰名词是逻辑上的动宾关系,用主动形式 This kind of water isn’t fit to drink.The girl isn’t easy to get along with. This is a hard question to answer.,5. 用来做定语和被修饰的名词有动宾关系，又和另一名词或代词有主谓关系的动词不定式I have something to tell you.,6.表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,shut,run,move等E.g. Work began at 7 o’clock this morning. The shop closes at 6 p.m. every day.,7.少数动词用于进行时，其主动形式表示被动含义，如print,cook,fry,hang,build,makeE.g. The books are printing. The meat is cooking.,8.介词in,on,under等+名词构成介词短语表示被动意义。

表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，有被动之意，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词常见的有：under control(受控制)；under treatment(在治疗中)；under repair(在修理中)；under discussion(在讨论中)；under construction(在施工中);beyond belief(令人难以置信)；beyond one’s reach(鞭长莫及);beyond one’s control(无法控制)；beyond our hope(我们始料不及)；,for sale(出售)；for rent(出租)；in print(在印刷中)；in sight(在视野范围内)；on sale(出售)；on show(展出)；on trial(受审)；out of control(控制不了)；out of sight(超出视线之外)；out of one’s reach(够不着)；out of fashion(不流行)The rumor is beyond belief(=can’t be believed). His honest character is above all praise.(=His honest character cannot be praised enough.) Today some treasures are on show (=are being shown) in the museum.,9.不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit,have,wish,cost,agree with,arrive at/in,shake hands with,succeed in,suffer from,take part in,walk into,belong to等。

E.g.This key just fits the lock.Your story agrees with what had already been heard.,高考动词语态主要考点是什么？,,,,1.在语境中考查被动语态的用法,,,,2.利用汉语干扰考查被动语态,,,,,3.综合考查被动语态与时态,,,,4.综合考查被动语态与虚拟语气,,,高考动词时态语态易错点有哪些？,1.无时间状语的易错点,易失分透析： 由于高考考查动词的时态时 往往不给出具体的时间状语，因此在解答 动词的时态题时，考生要善于从上下文或 者具体的语境中确定动作发生的时间，从 而确定使用什么时态 What’s that terrible noise? --- The neighbors ___________ for a party. A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare,2.易混时态的常错点 The old man who in the deserted house alone for ten years has been settled in a nursing home now. A. lived B. has lived C. has been living D. had lived,易失分透析：对一些容易混淆的时态的考查 也是高考考查动词时态的一大热点。

解答该 类题目时，考生首先要掌握各种时态的具体 用法，其次在做题时一定要根据所给出的语 境判断动作发生的时间：是过去的过去，是 过去，是现在，还是将来，然后根据时态的 用法来确定正确答案3.难辨句式易错点—How could I apply for a course online?— Just fill in this form and we ____ what we can do for you. see B. are seeing C. have seen D. will see,,易失分透析： 题干为小对话时，一定要读懂语境，要善于从语境中确定动作发生的时间有时看是否是固定句型也会很有用，因为在一些固定句型中时态也是相对固定的，如在“祈使句+and+陈述句”这个句型中陈述句往往用一般将来时Suddenly everyone stopped talking. It became clear that something unexpected .But, for a while, I didn’t know what it was.A. has happenedB. is happeningC. happenedD. had happened,易失分透析： 主从句中的时态一致也是高考 考查时态的热点之一。

在叙述过去的事情时， 主句和从句都要用与过去相应的时态主句 为一般现在时的时候宾语从句或其他的从句 可以根据需要用相应的时态4.难辨时态语态易错点（2009·湖南，27）Would you please keep silent? The weather report and I want to listen. A. is broadcast B. is being broadcastC. has been broadcast D. had been broadcast,易失分透析： 在考查动词的时态和语态时， 高考试题往往把时态和语态放在一起考查 要解答好这种类型的题目，首先要判断用主 动语态还是用被动语态，判断用哪种语态主 要是判断主语与谓语动词之间的关系；其次 再判断动作发生的时间Water at 100℃. In such hot weather, it won’t take much time to boil water. A. boils B. is boiled C. will boil D. is boiling,,易失分透析： 主动形式表示被动意义也是 高考考查动词的时态和语态的热点之一。

当谓语动词被用来说明主语的性质或特征 时，往往用主动表示被动，因为此时的谓 语动词并不强调是一个被动的动作2011北京卷,21】Experiments of this kind in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War. have conducted B. have been conducted C. had conducted D. had been conducted,。