CHINESE COMMUNITY IN ECUADOR国家行政管理论文.doc

CHINESE COMMUNITY IN ECUADOR_国家行政管理论文 　　The Republic Of Ecuador is located in the west coast of South America. It has a total area of 256.370 km2 and a population of approximately 14 million. Spanish is considered as the official language.　　The country is subdivided into 24 provinces with the capital city being Quito and the other major city being Guayaquil. Since the year 2000 US Dollar had been the official currency.　　Approximately 50,000 people from China live now in Ecuador. Although the Chinese community in Ecuador is not as large as those in Brazil and Peru, it has a strong economic and social weight in the country．　　The Chinese community of Ecuador is mainly concentrated in Guayaquil, which is the commercial hub of the country, although significant Chinese communities are also found in other parts of the country. An important Chinese community is in Quevedo, historically an agricultural center that served as a point of attraction for Chinese immigrants seeking employment in agriculture. Another important Chinese community is in Machala, which is the center of the fishing industry in Ecuador. 　　Today, the Chinese community in Ecuador has an important place in the national economy. For example “Wong Group”, with the trademark “King van Pac” is one of the largest entities in the Ecuadorian banana sector, which is the main product of the country. Similarly, the Ecuador-China company “Sol del Oriente”, is a major exporter of noodles to other parts of Latin America. In general, China Ecuadorian heritage in the provinces of Guayas and Los Ríos play an important role in the country’s agricultural sector, while those of Machala play an important role in the major industry of fish and shrimp. In the service sector, in cities like Guayaquil, there are hundreds of Chinese restaurants. Like other Chinese communities, the Chinese began arriving to Ecuador in the early 19th century, driven by the Opium wars and other difficult conditions were recording in China. According to a story told by the President of the Ecuadorian-China Chamber of Commerce, the first 200 Chinese emigrated from Lima, Peru to Ecuador Guayas department in 1880. 　　Like other Chinese communities in Latin America, many of the Chinese in Ecuador are working in the country’s agricultural sector, although many other established restaurants and other small businesses. As in other parts of Latin America, the Ecuadorian-China enjoyed relatively disciplined social organizations to help the assimilation of Chinese immigrants newly arrived in the Ecuadorian society. The Charity China, for example, Chinese immigrants helped to establish positions in agriculture, restaurants, and in the field of retail. Organizations such as the Ecuadorian-China Society and the Chamber of Commerce Ecuador-China continue to play an important role today in connection to Chinese businessmen interested in Ecuador and Ecuador with an interest in doing business with China．　　From the beginning, the Chinese community in Ecuador had a low profile on the social and political issues. Many times, the effort to keep a low profile included the change of name and not uses the native language to avoid highlighting its Chinese origin. Such behavior led to two important consequences. First, unlike the history of the Chinese community in other Latin American countries, the behavior of the Ecuadorian-China, in the context of a relatively tolerant Ecuadorian society, allowed an environment with few ethnic tensions between the community and other segments of the Ecuadorian society. Furthermore, by avoiding the use of native language and refusing to enrage the Chinese to their children, a significant percentage of the next generation of Ecuadorian-Chinese lost the ability to read and write Mandarin． 。