2022年考博英语-湖南师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第183期.docx

2022年考博英语-湖南师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The rapid growth of Florida’s cities has caused the state’s roads and highways to become （ ） .问题1选项A.worn outB.impassableC.congestedD.muffled【答案】C【解析】worn out疲惫不堪的, 耗尽的；impassable不能通行的；congested堵塞的, 拥挤的；muffled听不清的, 蒙住的句意：佛罗里达州城市的快速发展导致该州的道路和高速公路变得拥挤不堪选项C符合语境2. 单选题When we drove along, we saw heavy wisps of smoke from factory chimneys（ ）up into the air.问题1选项A.ascendingB.fluctuatingC.spiralingD.charging【答案】A【解析】ascend up into...为固定搭配，表示“上升，升向”这里指烟囱里的烟升向天空，选项A正确。

3. 单选题There’s ______ when we shall meet again.问题1选项A.not knowB.no knowingC.not to knowD.never knowing【答案】B【解析】考查固定句型句意：我们什么时候再见面还不知道考查there be句型，横线处应该填名词，knowing是动名词，B选项no knowing正确，A选项not know和C选项not to know错误结合语境，这里没有永远都不知道的意思，D选项never knowing错误因此B选项正确4. 单选题We must ensure a rational proportion between（ ）and consumption.问题1选项A.conformationB.accelerationC.coordinationD.accumulation【答案】D【解析】conformation构造, 一致；acceleration加速, 促进；coordination协调, 对等；accumulation积聚, 累积根据句意可知, 这里应填入consumption的反义词, 只有选项D符合语境。

5. 单选题______ to tell us that the interest of the individual should be subordinate to that of the collective?问题1选项A.Were you usedB.Are you usedC.Did you useD.Do you used【答案】C【解析】考查固定句型句意：你不是经常告诉我们个人的利益应该从属于集体的利益吗？sb. used to do“某人过去常常做某事”，其一般疑问句为did sb. use to do；sb. be used to (doing) sth.“习惯于（做）某事”，其一般疑问句为be动词提前；be used to do sth.“被用来做某事”结合语境，这里指的是过去常常告诉我们某事，C选项Did you use符合题意因此C选项正确6. 单选题He had read a patent liver-circular, in which were detailed the various（ ）by which a man could tell his liver was out of order.问题1选项A.signalsB.systemC.symptomsD.symbols【答案】C【解析】句意：他读过一个专门的肝脏循环图, 里面详细地描述了各种症状, 人们通过这些症状可以知道他的肝脏是否出了问题。

选项C符合句意7. 单选题Crops dies during the（ ）, resulting in famine throughout the country.问题1选项A.adversityB.disasterC.droughtD.calamity【答案】C【解析】adversity灾难，逆境，不幸；disaster灾祸；drought干旱；calamity 灾难，不幸事件根据句意可知，庄稼应该是在旱季才会死亡，所以选项C符合语境8. 单选题Maya Lin was an undergraduate student at Yale when she was ______ to create the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in 1981 because she won the public design competition for the memorial.问题1选项A.commissionedB.conditionedC.streamlinedD.aggregated【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句A选项commissioned“正式委托（谱写或制作、创作、完成）”；B选项conditioned“训练，使习惯于，使适应”；C选项streamlined“使增产节约”；D选项aggregated“总计，合计”。

句意：1981年，玛雅林在耶鲁大学读本科时被______设计越南退伍军人纪念馆，因为她赢得了纪念馆的公共设计竞赛玛雅林赢了设计比赛，可知这里指的是和设计相关事宜，A选项commissioned“正式委托（谱写或制作、创作、完成）”符合题意因此A选项正确9. 单选题We watch the（ ）of the parachutes all the way from the aircraft to the ground.问题1选项A.declineB.spiralC.descentD.sink【答案】C【解析】decline衰落；spiral螺旋上升；descend下降；sink下沉，渗透根据句意可知，降落伞是从飞机上降落到地上，所以选项C符合句意10. 单选题The prisoner（ ）a means of escape from prison.问题1选项A.contrivedB.conspiredC.intriguedD.plotted【答案】D【解析】contrive设计，谋划；conspire共谋，协力；intrigue用诡计取得；plot密谋选项A强调设法得到；选项B强调两个人合作；选项C强调用诡计取得；选项D强调秘密的筹划。

所以选项D更符合语境11. 单选题Economic liberalism was the prevailing economic philosophy in much of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and the U.S. economy developed within its framework. Economic liberalism promoted freedom of action for the individual and the firm through the doctrines of free trade, self-interest, private property, laissez-faire, and competition.According to this philosophy, individuals were free to seek their own occupations, to enter any business, and to act as they saw fit to improve their economic welfare. Economic society was held together by self-interest. Self-interest was thus the motivating force of the economy. For example, to increase personal economic welfare, an individual might decide to produce goods and sell them for profit. But in so doing, that individual automatically benefited the community as well—by purchasing raw materials, providing employment, and supplying goods or services. A worker seeking increase his or her wages could do so by increasing productivity. This, too, benefited the employer and the community in general. According to Adam Smith, the individual, in seeking personal gain, was led by an invisible hand to promote the welfare of the whole community.Competition was the regulation of the economy under economic liberalism. Business competed with one another for consumer trade by developing new and better products and by selling existing products at lower prices. Free entry into the market ensured adequate competition, and prices were determined by the free forces of supply and demand. Competitive foresees determined not only the prices of goods and services bust also wage rates.Since a beneficial self-interest was the motivating and driving force of the economy and since competition was to serve as the regulator of the economy, a policy of。