常用高分子聚合物性质和特点介绍以及常用高分子聚合物名字缩写.doc

实用文档丙烯腈—丁二烯—苯乙烯三元共聚物 （ABS）Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Terpolymer主要特点：较好的抗冲强度和一定的耐磨性耐寒性能良好，石油温度范围— 40〜100 C良好的耐油性、耐水性和化学稳定性电性能良好，其绝缘性很少受温度、湿度的影响具有良好的模塑性，能着色、能电镀、能粘结无毒，无臭，不透水但略透水蒸气不足之处是耐气候性差，耐紫外线、耐热性不高主要用途：ABS用途广泛，主要用于汽车、飞机零件、机电外壳、空调机、电冰箱内衬打字机、 照相机壳，电视机壳安全帽，天线放大器、车灯以及板、管、棒等制造方法:共聚：将丁二烯/丙烯腈乳液加入到苯乙烯/丙烯腈乳液中，然后沉淀聚合接枝共聚：将苯乙烯和丙烯腈加入到聚丁二烯乳液中然后搅拌加热，加入水溶性引发剂 进行聚合这样得到的接枝共聚 ABS相对与共聚得到的 ABS冲击强度大，但刚性和硬度低CH2 = CH2 +CH2=CH2 4-C=N acrylonitrile-+ch2 -ch=ch-ch24^polybutadiene文案大全styreneSAN polybutadieneABS的强度很高，密度小，用它来制造汽车部件，如保险杠，可以降低油耗，减少污 染。

ABS的强度高是因为丙烯腈上的腈基有很强的极性，会相互聚集从而将 ABS分子链紧密结合在一起同时，具有橡胶性能的聚丁二烯使 ABS具有良好的韧性尼龙（Nylon）Polyamide尼龙是最常见的人造纤维1940 年用尼龙织造的长统丝袜问世时 大受欢迎，尼龙从此一举成名此 后在二战期间，尼龙被大量用于织 造降落伞和绳索不过尼龙最初的用途是制造牙刷的刷毛 尼龙属于聚氨酯，在它的主链上有氨基 氨基具有极性，会因氢键的作用而相互吸弓I所以尼龙容易结晶，可以制成强度很高的纤维0H2-CH2-CH2-CH2-1IamideNH-CHrCHs-CHj-CHrCHz-CHz-NH^I I 'group尼龙分尼龙6,6、尼龙6、尼龙1010等HOOHCHOOHh2nhexamethyl^ne diaminenylon 6,6Hcaprolactamnylon 6其实尼龙6和尼龙6,6,区别不大之所以两种都生产，只是因为杜邦公司发明尼龙 6,6后申请了专利所以其它的公司为了生成尼龙，才发明出尼龙6来尼龙的优点与不足：Adva ntages and Limitati ons of NylonsMecha nical PropertiesGood comb in ati on of mecha nical properties- fatigue and creep stre ngth, stiffness, tough ness and resilie nee- only slightly in ferior to polyacetals. Limitatio ns are that all nylons absorb or give up moisture to achieve equilibrium with ambient conditions- moisture acts as a plasticizer and decreases ten sile and creep stre ngth and stiffness and in creases impact stre ngth and the dime nsions of the comp onent. The effect is most serious in thin-sect ioned comp onen ts. Because nylons depe nd upon moisture for impact performa nee, embrittleme nt can occur in desiccated air.WearGood abrasion resistance (ability to absorb foreign particles) and self lubricating properties are resp on sible for the widespread use in gears and beari ngs.Thermal PropertiesSuitable for proIon ged service temperatures of 80-100C and this can be in creased to 140 C with heat stabilized grades. Limitation is that thermal expansion varies with temperature and moisture content.Electrical PropertiesGood commercial in sulator but electrical properties are greatly in flue need by moisture content an d/or temperature in crease.En viro nmen talAll nylons are resista nt to fuels, oils, fats and most other tech ni cal solve nts such as aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarb ons, chlori nated hydrocarb ons, esters, ket ones and alcohols. All have good alkali resista nce. Limitati ons are that all nylons are attacked by strong min eral acids, acetic acid and dissolved phe no Is. Some types are dissolved by formic acid. UV attacks un-stabilized nylons caus ing embrittleme nt in a comparatively short period.Food and medici neCan be used in con tact with most food stuffs at room temperature and sterilized by steam or in fra-red radiati on. Fillers- Wide range of fillers and additives to improve specific properties and reduce limitations of unmodified materials, e.g glass fibre filler greatly reduces effects of moisture on dimensions and properties compared with unfilled materials.Processi ngMost material types are available in grades suitable for injectio n, blow and rotati onal mouldi ng and extrusion, with additional possibilities of fluid bed coatings, sintering and casting for special grades. The latter (cast ing for monomer) is particularly useful for produci ng large stress-free sect ions in small econo mical batches. Most nylons can be readily mach ined using tech niq ues akin to those used for the light alloys. Nylons can be joined with adhesives, in duct ion bonding and ultrasonic welding. Limitations are that nylons have a sharply defined melting point and high shri nkage values occur on mouldi ng thick sect ions. Nylons are crystall ine; this results in Ion ger cycle times in mouldi ng. Con diti oning for mouldi ng is freque ntly n ecessary.」发明尼龙的故事」不同种类尼龙的用途聚丙烯腈(PAN)Polyacry Ion itrileFCH2—C 叶C=N玻璃化温度：85oC.熔点：317°C.无定型态密度（25 °C）: 1.184 g/cm腈纶是我们日常生活中最常见的化学合成纤维之一。

腈纶通常就是由丙烯腈与丙烯酸甲酯，或丙烯腈与甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚而成的：CH^C三N 卩二0CH3poly(acrylonitrile-^-metliyl acrylate)CH3-+CH3—CH-liH-CH：—C=N C=G0p oly(aciyloiutrile-co-methyl methacrylate)我们还可以将丙烯腈与氯乙烯共聚，这样得到的纤维具有阻燃性能：-+ch2—chvch2—C=N Clpoly（acrj'loiiihile-co-vinyl chloride）(ABS)此外，还可以将丙烯腈与苯乙烯共聚 （SAN），与丁二烯，苯乙烯三元共聚TCH2十HLCH?—fH 垃丄 C=NSANSAN是将丙烯腈与苯乙烯的无规共聚得到的而 ABS则是将丙烯腈与苯乙烯加到聚丁二烯乳液中聚合，因为聚丁二烯上有不饱和双键，这样就得到了以聚丁二烯为主链，丙烯腈与苯乙烯无规共聚物（SAN）为支链的ABSCH2=CH2 4-C=N aciylonitiilestyrenepolybutadieneSAN polybutadiene聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯（PBT）Polybutylece terephthalateC-O-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-O-15poly(butylene terephthalate)聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯，英文 名 polybutylece terephthalate（PBT）。

PBT 为乳 白色半透明到不透明、结晶 型热塑性聚酯具有高耐热性、韧性、耐疲劳性，自润滑、低摩擦系数，耐候性、吸水率低，仅为 0.1%，在潮湿环境中仍保持各种物性（包括电性能），电绝缘性，但体积电阻、介电损耗大耐热水、碱类、 酸类、油类、但易受卤化烃侵蚀，耐水解性差，低温下可迅速结晶，成型性良好。