手持重物立定跳远之运动生物力学分析1.pdf

手持重物立定跳遠之運動生物力學分析 唐瑞顯、黃長福 國立台灣師範大學體育學系 中文摘要 前言前言前言前言 在 2500 年前，希臘運動員 Phayllos 雙手持重物，跳出了砂坑而締造優異成績目前已經有許 多研究證實古希臘運動員在跳遠比賽時雙手持有重物(Minetti ＆ Ardigo 2002; Lenoir, Clercq ＆ Laporte, 2005)，亦有研究證實運動員雙手持重物跳遠能提升運動成績( Ashby ＆ Heegaard, 2002; Butcher ＆ Bertram,2004; Huang, Chen ＆ Peng, 2005)，但這些研究並未提及關節力 矩及功率本研究目的在研究負重與未負重在生物力學上的差異，並解析立定跳遠之關節力矩 及功率 方法與步驟方法與步驟方法與步驟方法與步驟 本研究受試者是十四名體育學系之男生(height 174.64±6.21 cm, weight 73.07 ± 11.32 kg)，他 們在進行十分中標準程序的熱身及伸展運動之後，每個人接受四種試跳測驗，分別是無負重、 輕負重(L load, load 2-4kg), 重負重(H load, load 6-8kg）, 超負重(S load, loag10-12kg)之立定 跳遠。

本研究利用一部 Redlake 高速攝影機（125Hz）同步一部 Kistler 測力板（1250Hz）收 集受試者之運動生物力學資料統計方式是以重複量數單因子變異數分析進行，顯著水準設α =.05，若達顯著差異則進一步利用 Fisher's LSD 法進行式後比較 結果與討論結果與討論結果與討論結果與討論 在 L 負重組與 H 負重組跳遠距離有提升，此研究結果與其他研究結果相似(Minetti ＆ Ardigo 2002; Lenoir, Clercq ＆ Laporte, 2005; Ashby ＆ Heegaard, 2002; Butcher ＆ Bertram,2004; Huang, Chen ＆ Peng, 2005) ，但在 S 負重組卻沒有提升此外，水平最大地面反作用力與 垂直最大地面反作用力並未達顯著差異 在動作時間參數上，受試者先出現最大垂直作用力，之後才出現最大水平作用力；time to FX- max在四組間沒有顯著差異，但在 the time to FY-max卻有達顯著差異，顯示在 L 負重與 H 負重 後能較慢產生最大垂直作用力，經事後比較後發現 L 重組與 S 負重組，H 負重組與無負重組及 S 負重組，皆達顯著差異。

而有關在下肢關節角速度方面，在負重之後下肢關節角速度會有下 降得趨勢，其中髖關節角速度方面，S 負重組顯著小於無負重組與輕負重組，而在踝關節角速 度方面，S 負重組明顯小於無負重組 在關節功率方面，負重之後皆有下降；在 S 負重組的關節功率明顯小於其他三組；根據理論推 導，關節功率為關節力矩與角速度之靭績，而上述 S 負重組的關節角速度顯著小於無負重組， 應是下肢關節功率縮小之主因；另外由於本研究之關節功率已利用體重進行標準化，受到負重 增加之影響，下肢關節功率亦會因此縮小 結論結論結論結論 本研究發現 L 負重及 H 負重能增加立定跳遠之運動表現受試者起跳重心水平速度與水平衝量 隨因負重而增加然而，受試者起跳重心垂直速度、踝關節以及髖關節角速度、下肢關節功率 隨著負重而降低 參考文獻參考文獻參考文獻參考文獻 1. Ashby,B. M. ＆ Heegaard, J. H. (2002). Role of arm motion in the standing long jump. Journal of Biomechanics,35,1631-1637. 2.Chenfu Huang, Hung-ying Chen and Hsiente Peng. (2005). The effect of hand-held weight on standing long jump performance. ISBS22th. Beijing, China. 3. Lenoir, M; Clercq, D. D.; Laporte, W. (2005). The “how” and “why” of the ancient Greek long jump with weights: A five-fold symmetric jump in a row? J. Sports Sci 2005; 23(10): 1033-1043. 4. Minetti, A. E., Ardigo, L. P. (2002). Halteres used in ancient Olympic long jump. Nature, November 2002;420(14): 141-142. BIOMECHANICS OF STANDING LONG JUMP WITH HADNHELD WEIGHT Ray-hsien Tang, Chun-fu Huang National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan The purpose of this study was to identify the biomechanics of standing long jump with handheld weight. Fourteen male students participated the study, and performed no load, light load, heavy load, and super heavy load jump. A Redlake high speed camera（125Hz） was synchronized with a Kistler force platform （1250Hz） to collect the data of subjects. The results indicated that the light load and heavy load groups had greater jump distances than no load group, The horizontal body CG takeoff velocity and horizontal impulse were enhanced with load, and vertical body CG takeoff velocity, peak lower extremity joints angular velocity, and peak lower extremity joints power were decreased with load. KEY WORDS：：：：standing long jump, joint moment, joint power, loading jump INTRODUCTION Generally speaking, it’s incredible to jump carrying extra weight and has better performance. But about 2,500 years ago, Greek athlete Phayllos jumped over the jumping pit when carrying halteres on his hands. Many studies had proved that extra weights was held in the hands of the athletes during the long jump competition(Minetti ＆ Ardigo 2002; Lenoir, Clercq ＆ Laporte, 2005), and some researchers found that extra weights would increase the jump distance( Ashby ＆ Heegaard, 2002; Butcher ＆ Bertram,2004; Huang, Chen ＆ Peng, 2005), but those studies did not point out the joint moment and power. The purpose of this study was to investigate the biomechanical difference between unloaded and loaded groups, and to understand the joint moment and power of standing long jump. METHODS Fourteen male physical education students (height 174.64±6.21 cm, weight 73.07 ± 11.32 kg) participated the study. All subjects performed a standard 10-mimute warm-up session consisting of jogging and stretching upper and lower limb muscles, and then performed no load, light load (L load, load 2-4kg), heavy load (H load, load 6-8kg）, super heavy load (S load, loag10-12kg) standing long jumps. A Redlake high speed camera（125Hz） was synchronized with a Kistler force platform（1250Hz） to collect the biomechanical data of 14 male athletes. In the study, we compared the kinetic and kinematic data of subjects in the lowest CM point(LCP), maximum forearm swing linear velocity (MFS), and takeoff(TO), and tried to understand the difference between groups.Based on a frequency content analysis of the digitized coordinate data, marker trajectories were filtered at 6 Hz using a second order Butterworth recursive filter. The inverse dynamic data was edited with Microsoft Excel 2003, and Dempester’s study (1955) was used to calculate the human body parameter. We use one way ANOVA to analyse the kinematic and kinetic data, and the variables were calculated by SPSS for Windows (Version 12.0, Chicago, IL) with alpha level of 0.05. A LSD post hoc comp。