六级阅读三种答案提取方式(6)12856.pdf

更多资料 学英语 找长喜 1 六级阅读——短句问答 Lecture 6 三种答案提取方式 学会根据短句问答题干的不同提问形式到原文中提取出答案 短句问答的出题形式是句子填空题和问答题两种 句子填空题中， 所填答案在题干中的位置和语法功能非常明确，所以答案的形式也非常明确；而在问答题中，问题形式不同，答案的形式也不同， 这就要求考生需根据题干不同形式的提问来作出相应的答案 问答题答案的首字母要大写，后面要有英文句点 短句问答题的答案可能是一个词、一组词或一个短句它们可能与原文中的词句相同，或者需要对原文词句进行组合、加工，或者需要分析推理后得出原文中根本没有的词句 短句问答题的答案应该尽量简洁， 控制在 10 个词以内下面对获取答案的 3 种方式进行简单介绍 一、直接提取答案 这种情况最简单定位题目出处后，直接将原文相应词句摘出即是答案或者需要在理解上下文后，在与题干出处不同的词句中找到相应的词句 【真题示例 1】(10-12) 【原文】First, suppressed emotions can contribute to stress related disorders. 【题目】 49. According to the author, men who suppress their emotions may develop . 【解析】 stress related disorders 。

根据题干中的 suppress their emotions 可迅速定位答案出处文中提到压制的情感会导致 stress related disorders （与压力有关的失调） ，也就是说，压制情感会形成与压力有关的失调， 空格前的 develop 对应文中的 contribute to， 由此可直接提取答案 stress related disorders 【真题示例 2】(09-06) 【原文】What is surprising is the method psychologists at the University of Texas have come up with to keep girls from developing eating disorders. Their main weapon against superskinny (role) models: a brand of civil disobedience dubbed “body activism”. 【题目】 48. By promoting “body activism,” University of Texaspsychologists aim to prevent girls from .【解析】 developing eating disorders。

关键词在原文中只进行简单的组合和简单的同义转述，题干中的 to prevent girls from 对应首段第二句话中的 to keep girls from，由此可知 from 后的developing eating disorders 为本题答案 49. 【真题示例 3】(07-06) 【原文】They were both Ph.D. candidates when they devised the search engine which was better than the rest and, without any marketing, spread by word of mouth from early adopters to, eventually, your grandmother. 【题目】 49. How did Google s search eng ine spread over the world? 【解析】 By word of mouth.根据信息词 spread 在原文定位，由原文可知，Google 没有任何市场推广，它是从早期使用者的口碑相传(spread by word of mouth from early adopters)开始，一直流传开来的，此题以 how 提问，那么回答时的用词应选择表方式的介词，所以答案应该填 By word of mouth.。

二、转换得出答案 此类题需要考生综合整理原文信息、 转换句子结构或转换词性的能力 综合整理原文信息指 更多资料 学英语 找长喜 2 的是答案需要的词句没有集中在原文中的一个地方， 而是分散在句中、 段落或文章中的不同地方 前面的一堂课中专门讲述了题干与原文之间的转换与对应关系， 虽然讲述的目的是为了理解原文，定位题目出处，但这种讲述也同样适用于答案本身可能要求进行的转换 【真题示例 1】(09 06) 【原文】There is nothing new about TV and fashion magazines giving girls unhealthy ideas about how thin they need to be in order to be considered beautiful. 【题目】 47. Where do girls get the notion that they need to be thin in order to be considered beautiful? 【解析】 From TV and fashion magazines.。

由于问题是整句且疑问词为 Where，所以答案也应为整句，句首需加介词 from，故答案为 From TV and fashion magazines. 【真题示例 2】(07-12) 【原文】The challenge is particularly evident in the work place. There, men are still expected to be breadwinners climbing the corporate ladder… 【题目】 48. Besides supporting the family, men were also expected to . 【解析】climb the corporate ladder题干中的 supporting the family 是原文 breadwinners 的同义转述，expected to 是原文信息的重现，因空前有动词不定式 to，所以将此句中的 climbing改为原形动词 三、概括得出答案 这一点包含两种情况， 一种是答案中的关键词在原文中没有出现过 一种是答案中所需要的信息分布在原文的不同位置，需要考生把它们归纳在一起。

三种答案形式中，这种答案对应的题目是最难的它需要考生根据题干要求，对原文信息进行综合推理 【真题示例 1】(08-06) 【原文】 If movie trailers (预告片) are supposed to cause a re action, the preview for“United 93” more than succeeds. …When the trailer played before “Inside Man” last week at a Hollywood theater, audience members began calling out, “Too soon!”In New York City, the response was even more dramatic. 【题目】 47. The trailer for “United 93” succeeded in when it played in the theaters in Hollywood and New York City. 【解析】 causing a reaction此题需综合两处的信息才能推导出答案。

【真题示例 2】(06-12) 【原文】 Though we ve never had a catastrophic loss such as that ， Gibbs and I did have a close call the shortly before we decided to simplify… We saw that there was so much we could get rid of and not only never miss, but be better off without. 【题目】 49. What do we know about the author s house from sentence. “Gibbs and I did have a close call…” (Para.4)? 【解析】 It needed to be simplified.have a close call 是一个习语，表示“差一点没发生倒霉的事，或是差一点完不成该做的事”句子中存在着与前段内容的对照关系前面说人的生活环境过于复杂，结果一把火烧起来，生活简单多了。

这里作者说自己的家也差一点着火，意思其实是说自己的环境也比较复杂，需要简单化第五段就明确地描述了这种情形 25 分钟练习  更多资料 学英语 找长喜 3 Passage 1 题材词数做题时间科技评论 381 词 8 分钟 It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science it is impossible to predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they are by definition unknown in advance. You cannot make choices in this matter. You either have science or you don t, and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and promptly useful bits.The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating piece of news. It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead. It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. Because of this, we are depressed. It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not so bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted.But we are making a beginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction. Are there any questions we can think up that can t be answered? Sooner or later, they will be done, including even the matter of consciousness. To be sure, there may well be questions we can t think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention. 1. Science yields information that is not only neat and pro mptly useful but also . 2. What kind of scientific truth does the author feel absolutely sure about? 3. We can infer that the brightest minds of the 18th century thought they know about science. 4. What does the word “tunnel” (Last sentence, Para. 2) mean? 5. The author believes that human beings can find answers to any questions . 【做题提示】 1. 注意题干与原文句式的转换。

2. 注意作者的观点信息定位及词汇转换 5. 注意作者观点的信息定位及在用词上人称的变化 Passage 2 题材词数做题时间媒体现象 401 词 8 分钟 Remember the paper encyclopedia? Half the people who want an Encyclopedia Britannica today buy it on a single compact disc. They save trees, effort, time, money — and avoid errors in cheaper products. An example: No Australian soldiers landed on Gallipoli in 1915. So says the world s best selling encyclopedia, Microsoft Bookshelf. Microsoft is the most influential computer software company on the globe. However, in edition after edition, its electronic encyclopedia has been reporting that the British and Australians were the invading force. Requests for correction are ignored. No such phantom (不存在的) Australian army appears when you call on the new electronic Encyclopedia Britannica on CD ROM. Type in the word “Gallipoli” and in seconds you are offered 55 separate and well searched items, including some about the event of 1915. You then choose the material you want.  更多资料 学英语 找长喜 4 No matter how much the technology changes, the primary measure of an information source is its publisher s care and attention to accuracy. As Mic rosoft s sustained Gallipoli misreporting displays, even the appearance of a respected business name on an electronic resource does not guarantee that information will be correct. EB on CD ROM comes with direct access to the editor s name and address, and a request to point out things that need fixing.Encyclopedia Britannica is now available in two electronic forms. These are a single CD ROM which sells for less than ＄1,200, and EB Online, effectively a password that can be purchased for the equivalent of ＄150. Password holders enjoy unrestricted access to EB data via the Internet for one year. Each format offers information available in the printed volumes, updated and re organized entirely in preservation. The complete encyclopedia has more than 130,000 links to Web sites. Coverage includes more than 72,000 articles; over 10,000 illustrations, including photographs, drawings, maps, and flags; and more than 75,000 definitions.The quality of EB material, both in scope and detail, is legendary. For the new electronic formats, editors have completely reworked material from the printed edition for compatibility with Netscape Navigator Internet Web browser, already familiar to many computer users. Subscribers need only click the icon for EB on their personal computers (Windows or Macintosh), and within it, space for the question to be answered. The software processes the question, scanning hundreds of thousands of files in seconds, and then presents possible answers. After browsing through these offerings, the information can be copied electronically and “passed” into user s own document. 1. According to the new electronic Encyclopedia Britannica, Australian army . 2. The most important standard for valuing information sources is their pullishers care about. 3. What has facilitated readers of EB on CD ROM to easily 【做题提示】 1. 找准关键词对信息进行分析。

2. 识别题干与原文的对应 deliver what needs fixing on EB? 4. If you purchase EB Online, you will be given for an access to the EB data through the Internet for one year. 5. For the new electronic formats, the material from is reworked to fit the customer favored Web browser. 4. 分析对 EB Online 的特征描述 5. 注意题干句式与原文的转换 Passage 3 题材词数做题时间教育观点 415 词 8 分钟 Americans today don t place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education — not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge.Symptoms of pervasive (普遍的) anti intellectualism in our schools aren t difficult to find. “Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,” says education writer Diane Ravitch, “Schools could be a counterbalance.” Ravitch s latest book, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti intellectualism in our school, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully  更多资料 学英语 找长喜 5 participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, “We will become a second rate country. We will h ave a less civil society.”“Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege.” writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti Intellectualism in American Life, a Pulitzer Prize winning book on the roots of anti intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism (精英主义). Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book.Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: “We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.” Mark Twain s Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized — going to school and learning to read — so he can preserve his innate goodness.Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, reorder, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines.School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our country s educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise”. 1. American parents expect their children to acquire practical ability rather than ability in school. 2. Not only American schools but also should be blamed for present anti intellectualism, according to Ravitch. 3. Ravitch hoped that schools should and could act as a counteracting force that would support . 4. According to Hofstadter, what is the root of American anti intellectualism? 5. According to Mark Twain s Huckleberry Finn, being civilized refers to . 【做题提示】 1. 注意 rather than 的提示。

3. 人物观点处迅速定位及句式的转换 4. 人物观点处准确定位 30 分钟讲评 Passage 1 【语篇分析】 文章阐述了作者关于科学的观点 第一段作者提出真正的好的科学所产生的结果是无法预料的， 有好有坏我们都要接受； 第二段作者论述的是我们已经认识到现在对自然其实还很无知；第三段作者对人类的科学研究能力表现出乐观的态度 【难句突破】 ①It would have amazed the brightest minds (of the 18th century Enlightenment) to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead. 【分析】 复合句it 是形式主语，不定式 to be told...是真正的主语，此句中的 would have amazed 是虚拟语气两个 how 引导的名词性从句充当动词 tell 的宾语 ②It is not so bad being ignorant ［if you are totally ignorant］; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not so bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels (that can yet be trusted). 【分析】 并列复合句。

分号前后是两个并列分句， 第一个分句中 it 是形式主语， being ignorant 更多资料 学英语 找长喜 6 是句子的真正主语，其中有一个 if 引导的条件状语从句；第二个分句的表语包含几个并列的名词短语，that 引导定语从句修饰 tunnels 1. 【解析】 surprising and disturbing第一段最后一句提到了科学发现的两种信息，原文用along with 表示这种并列关系，题干中换成了 not only ... but also原文中 and 之后用 you 作主句主语，而题干中的主语是 Science 2. 【解析】 We are profoundly ignorant about nature.第二段第一句说：我完全确信的惟一可靠的科学事实就是——我们对于自然还是非常无知的题干中的 feel absolutely sure 对应原文中的 feel totally confident 3. 【解析】 a lot / much第二段提到了 18 世纪启蒙运动时期的科学家的话题：如果我们告诉他们我们知道得其实还很少，他们会对此感到很惊奇。

可以推出，他们自以为对科学了解很多 4. 【解析】 Scientific solution/method.本文的主题是科学第二段第一句已经就表明了我们对大自然是很无知的最后一句中的“没有光明”，意思应该是没有真正科学的结论，所以通往“光明”的 tunnel 的意思应该是“科学方法” 5. 【解析】 they can think up最后一段提到了人类智慧的可喜一面第二句是个疑问句，接下来的一句是对它的回答，这两句暗含的意思就是：凡是能想得到的问题，最终都会得到解答(no questions we can think up that can t be answered) 根据题干中的第三人称要求，将原文中的 we 改为 they 即可得到答案 【全文翻译】很难预知科学最后会产生什么结果，而且如果是真正的好科学，那就根本是无法预料的如果想要发现的东西确实是新的，那么根据其定义它们事先就是未知的在这一问题上你无法选择 ［1］你要么拥有科学要么没有，而且一旦你拥有了，那么就必须在接受那些有序的、能很快用上的信息的同时也不得不接受那些令人惊讶的或烦恼的信息 ［2］［4］我完全确信的惟一可靠的科学事实就是——我们对大自然还是非常无知的。

我认为这是生物学在过去几百年内的主要发现这本身就是一条很富于启发性的消息 ［3］如果我们当中有谁告诉 18 世纪启蒙运动时期的最有才智的那些人，说我们所知道的是如何之少而未来看起来又是如何地令人困惑， 他们肯定会对此感到很惊奇 而正是这种对无知的深度和广度的直接面对，代表了 20 世纪科学对人类智慧做出的最重要贡献早期的时候，我们要么假装理解了事情是如何运行的， 要么忽略那样的问题， 或者简单地编造些故事来填补那些空白由于我们已经开始了认真的探索，所以我们意识到问题是如此之多，而且远不是我们所能够解答的我们因此而感到很沮丧 ［4］如果你完全无知，倒也无妨，难受的是你相当详细地了解了无知这一现实、 糟糕的方面或者还说得过去的方面， 却在通往科学的隧道的尽头看不到任何真正的光明，甚至根本就没有什么可以信任的隧道但是我们已经起步了，而且应该感到有点满意 ［5］ 有什么问题是我们能想到却不能解答的吗？所有问题终有一天会解决的，甚至包括意识这样的问题当然还有一些我们从来都想不到的问题，也因此人类的智力所及是有限制的，但那又是另一个问题了但在这个限制以内，如果我们够用心，并花上足够的时间，我们应该能够找到所有的答案。

Passage 2 【语篇分析】本文主要介绍了电子版《大英百科全书》 第一段主要介绍电子版《大英百科全书》与纸版相比的优点；第二到四段说明分别优点所在：准确性、其两种形式和丰富的内容、其使用的方便性 【难句突破】 ①［As Microsoft s sustained Gallipoli misreporting displays ］, even the appearance (of a respected business name) (on an electronic resource) does not guarantee that information will be correct.【分析】 复合句as 引导方式状语从句，主句的宾语是 that 引导的宾语从句主句主语有两个并列的介词短语充当的定语成分  更多资料 学英语 找长喜 7 ②These are a single CD ROM (which sells for less than ＄1,200), and EB Online, {effectively a password (that can be purchased for the equivalent of ＄150)}. 【分析】 复合句。

which引导的定语从句修饰CD ROM ， that引导的定语从句修饰password1. 【解析】 didn t land on Gallipoli in 1915 第一段中提到《微软书架》和它的电子版不一致的一个例子：No Australian soldiers landed on Gallipoli in 1915但是电子版上说澳大利亚士兵和英国人是侵略者后面说《大英百科全书》电子版中就没有这根本不存在的侵略问题，可知答案 2. 【解析】 the accuracy第二段中提到，不管技术如何变化，对信息来源来说，首要的衡量标准(the primary measure)是其发布者对信息准确性的关心和注意 可知评价信息来源最重要的标准是“它所提供的信息的准确性”题干中的 the most important standard 对应原文中的the primary measure 3. 【解析】 The editor s name and address on CD ROM. 第二段最后讲到了 EB 电子版(EB on CD ROM) 上的一些附加信息：编辑的姓名和联系地址(the editor s name and address) ，以及希望人们提出更正意见的请求。

显然，人们可以通过这些姓名和地址很方便地为 EB 提出更正意见 4. 【解析】 a password第三段讲到，现在电子版的 EB 有两种，一种是版，一种是光盘版版其实是让读者使用密码(a password)通过因特网来登录 EB 的数据库，使用时间是一年 5. 【解析】 the printed edition最后一段介绍了电子版的《大英百科全书》使用方便的特点编辑们对纸制印刷品中的材料(material from the printed edition)进行了更新和编加，使其与用户熟悉的网络浏览器兼容 【全文翻译】还记得纸张印刷的百科全书吗？现在想买《大英百科全书》的人中有一半会选择购买其光盘版这样做不仅节省了制作纸张需要的木材，也节省了精力、时间和金钱，而且由于产品更便宜，错误也容易避免 ［1］例如，1915 年澳大利亚士兵并没有登陆加利波利半岛全世界最畅销的百科全书《微软书架》中就是这样记载的微软公司是全球最有影响力的电脑软件公司 但是它的电子版百科全书中连续很多版都把英国人和澳大利亚人说成是侵略力量，而且对多次的更正要求置之不理 ［1］而当你阅读《大英百科全书》的最新光盘版时，就不会看到这件根本不存在有关澳大利亚军队的事情了。

输入 Gallipoli 这个单词，在几秒钟内你就会搜索到 55 个不同的词条，其中有几个讲述了 1915 年的这个事件然后你就可以从中选择你想要的资料了 ［2］不管技术如何变化，信息来源的首要衡量标准还是出版人对于信息准确性的关心和注意 微软关于加利波利半岛的连续失实报道表明， 即使是打着颇负盛名的企业招牌，一些电子资源仍无法确保其全部信息的正确性 ［3］在光盘版的《大英百科全书》上面可以直接看到编辑的姓名和联系地址，以及希望人们提出更正意见的请求现在有两种电子版形式的《大英百科全书》 ［4］一种是单张光盘，售价不到 1200美元，另一种是《大英百科全书》 ，实际上相当于用 150 美元购买一个密码密码持有者可以在一年之内通过因特网无限制地阅读《大英百科全书》 任何一种形式都能提供印刷版中所包含的全部信息，而且在储存数据上进行了全部更新和重排整个百科全书有 13 万多个网站链接，七万二千多篇文章，一万多处图解(包含照片、图画、地图和旗帜)还有七万五千多处注解 《大英百科全书》中的资料，无论是在涵盖面还是详细性上都颇负盛名 ［5］在新的电子版本中， 编辑们将印刷版的材料进行了完全的再加工， 使其能够与多数电脑用户都熟悉的网景公司的因特网浏览器兼容。

订阅者们只需点击电脑上(Windows 或 Macintosh界面)的《大英百科全书》图标，进入后输入需要回答的问题电脑软件会对问题进行处理，在数秒内浏览成千上万的文档，然后给出可能的答案浏览给出的条目后，用户就可以复制那些信息并传输到自己的文档中Passage 3  更多资料 学英语 找长喜 8 【语篇分析】 本文主要探讨美国反智主义和学校教育 第一段提出美国人重视实用教育而非才智教育； 第二、 三段学者拉维奇认为学校应成为反智主义的抵制力量， 否则就会产生危害，作家夏瑞斯伯爵持相同观点； 第四至七段里阐述学者霍夫施塔特和爱默生等对反智性主义的态度 【难句突破】 ①Hofstadter says our country s educational system is in the grips of people (who “joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility (to intellect and their eagerness) ［to identify with children (who show the least intellectual promise)］).” 【分析】 多重复合句。

says...后面是一个宾语从句，其中含有一个 who 引导的定语从句修饰 people，这个从句中又包含一个 who 引导的定语从句修饰 children 1. 【解析】 intellectual根据关键词 in school，practical，找到原文前两段，第一段中指出当今的美国人并不把才智看得很重，我们崇拜的是运动员、娱乐明星和企业家，而并非是学者我们把孩子送到学校去接受实用教育，而不是为了追求知识可见家长们希望孩子们在学校多学习实践而并是很重视才智 2. 【解析】 society根据题干中的关键词 Ravitch，可定位到第二段第二句Schools have always been in a society where...”可知 Ravitch 认为，学校是受社会环境影响的，因此造成美国反智主义的盛行，并不单是学校的责任 3. 【解析】 intellectual pursuits 根据关键词 Ravitch， 找到原文第二段， 题干中的 counteracting force 是 counterbalance 的同义转述，文中指出教育作家戴安娜·拉维奇认为社会总是重视实践多于知识，而学校本可以起到平衡的作用，通过探究学校中反智力倾向的根源，拉维奇得出结论认为， 美国学校根本未能抵制美国人对学识追求的厌恶。

可见拉维奇是希望学校能够支持对于知识的重视 4. 【解析】 The rejection of elitism.根据题干关键词 Hofstadter，定位在第四段本段倒数第二句 Hofsadter 指出：“our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism”，对此句进行归纳即得答案：The rejection of elitism. 5. 【解析】 going to school and learning to read根据关键词 Mark Twain 定位在倒数第三段，该段最后一句提到， 《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》中的主人公拒绝被文明化，破折号中间的内容对 being cilvilized 做出解释 【全文翻译】当今的美国人并不把才智看得很重我们崇拜的是运动员、娱乐明星和企业家，而并非学者 ［1］甚至，我们把孩子送到学校是为了让他们受到实用教育，而不是为了学习知识 ［1］不难发现在我们的学校里普遍存在着反智主义 ［2］“学校一直存在于实践重于智力的社会”，教育作家戴安娜·拉维奇(Diane Ravitch)说：“学校本应该能起到平衡的作用”。

［3］拉维奇的最新书籍——《落后：学校改革失败的一个世纪》探究了学校中反智主义倾向的根源，结论认为，美国学校根本没有抵制美国人对才学追求的厌恶但是学校是能够并且应该做到这一点的 鼓励孩子舍弃精神生活会使他们容易被利用和控制 如果不能批判地思考问题，不能为自己的想法辩护，也不能理解别人的想法，那么他们就不能完全地参与到民主中去照这样下去，作家夏瑞斯伯爵(Earl Shorris)说：“我们将要成为二流的国家，我们的社会将会越来越不文明才智被当作权力或特权形式而遭到人们的憎恨”，历史学家理查德·霍夫施塔特(Richard Hofstadter)教授在他的《美国生活中的反智主义思潮》中这样写道这本书探究了美国政治、宗教和教育中的反智主义的根源，并因此获普利策奖 ［4］霍夫施塔特说， 从我们的历史之初， 我们对民主化和大众化的渴望驱使我们排斥任何带有精英主义色彩的东西实用性、常识以及天资被视作比书本中的任何东西都更高贵的素质拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生(Ralph Waldo Emerson)和其他一些先验论哲学家认为，上学和对僵化的书本知识的学习会抑制孩子们的天性：“我们被关在学校和大学的背书室里长达 10 或 15 年 更多资料 学英语 找长喜 9 之久，出来时一肚子的墨水却什么也不懂。

马克吐温《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》是以美国的反智论为主题的 里面的主人公拒绝被文明化——上学和读书， 所以他保持了他那善良的天性 ［5］在霍夫施塔特看来，才智不同于天资天资是一种我们极不情愿去赞赏的特性才智是思想的批判、创造以及沉思的一面智力力求领会、把握、重新排序和调节，而才智则力求审视、沉思、探究、推理、批评和想象学校还是一个怀疑才智的地方霍夫施塔特说，有些人欢喜雀跃、 咄咄逼人地宣扬着自己对才智的敌视， 宣扬着对最缺乏才智的孩子的认同，而正是这些人掌控着我们国家的教育体制。