(英语论文)冰山原则在老人与海中的体现（英）.doc

攀枝花学院本科毕业论文冰山原则在《老人与海》中的体现学生姓名： 周慧 学生学号： 200210201175院（系）： 外国语学院年级专业：2002级英语指导教师： 袁 彬二OO六年五月Iceberg Theory Embodied inThe Old Man and the SeaZhou HuiUnder the Supervisor ofYuan BinSchool of Foreign Languages and CulturesPanzhihua UniversityM町 2005Contents摘要 I关键词 IAbstract IIKey words IIIntroduction 1I. Introduction of Ernest Hemingway 2II. Background and the Main Story 3III. Three Deep Stratifications of the Iceberg Theory in the Novel 6A. A Paean of Hero from the Perspective of the Theme 6a. Function of the Old Man as Hemmingway^ Own Character 6b. Function of the Boy as the Oedipus Complex of Hemmingway 7B. Hemmingways Unconscious Desire and Writing from the Perspective of theFishing 8a. Santiagos Dreams and Reveries Above the Water, and the UnderneathUnconscious Desire 9b. The Fishing of the Old Man as the One-eighth Part, and the Hard Creativity ofthe Author as the Seven-eighths 10C. An Ancient Greek Tragedy form the Perspective of the Source and Religion... 12Conclusion 15Bibliography 17Acknowledgement 18摘要海名威以其简洁的文字，鲜明的形象，丰富的感情和深刻的思想构成了著名的“冰山原则”, 牢固确立了他在美国历史上的地位，使他成为美国历史上最具影响的作家之一。

他指出冰山的 威严就在于只有八分之一露出水面然而，他的这一风格的形成是与他的生活背景及其早期父 母对他的影响是分不开的中篇小说《老人与海》是海名威一生思想和艺术的总结，他大量的使用象征，比喻等手法, 把作品高度抽象化，使其完全隐藏在水下的“八分之七”中，那么文章中哪些隐藏在水下的八 分之七呢，“冰山原则”又是怎样在文中得以体现的呢？在《老人与海》中，老人桑提亚哥作为海名威式的硬汉形象的变体，体现了他在压力下的 风度，某种程度上他就是海名威自身的一个化身，而小男孩马洛林以圣母马利亚的形象出现, 体现了老年无助的海名威的恋母情结文章中老人梦见狮子，幻想伟大的老狄马吉奥，鸡眼和 斗鸡，是海名威对失去的青春的遗憾和对力量的向往，以及对成为冠军成为王的渴望的写真 这些都是老人的无意识欲望此外，从老人打鱼的过程和天数来看，不仅在行为上与基督教不断出现巧合，而且他暗指 写作过程正如打鱼过程一样是艰辛的，写作技巧也需要长时间的锻炼和摸索，而作品也会和鱼 一样不断的遭到攻击通过分析海名威的《老人与海》，人们能正确认识他的“冰山原则”并知道怎样在写作中 去运用海名威用冰山理论在《老人与海》中隐含了他自己的性格特征及原则，同时告诫人们 无论在任何情况下都应该保持自己的尊严和压力下的风度，学会思考，善于总结以前的经验并 且将其付于应用中去。

关键词冰山原则；象征主义；无意识欲望；基督教；写作AbstractTerse words, vivid images, copious emotions and profound thoughts make up Hemingways famous "iceberg theory", which solidly confirmed the renown of him and made him one of the most influential writers in America history. He pointed out that the grace of the iceberg is that only one・eighth above the water. However, the formation of his style cannot be apart from his versatile parents.The medium-length novel The Old Man and the Sea is the fruit of all along life of Hemingways thoughts and arts. He used a lot of rhetoric, such as symbolisms, metaphors. He highly abstracted his works and made them the underneath seven-eighths. So what is the underneath part and how the novel embodied the iceberg theory? And how does his iceberg theory be embodied in the novel?In The Old Man and the Sea. the old man, Santiago, is a transformation of Hemingways code honor, which embodied the grace under pressure. In some degree, the old man is an incarnation of Hemingway himself. Moreover, the little boy, Manolin, appears as the image of Virgin Marie, which embodied the Oedipus complex of old helpless Hemingway. In the novel, the old man dreaming of the lion and revering old DiMaggio and fighting cock several times are the regret of losing youth longing for power and champion. All of those are the old mans unconscious desire.Additionally, from the processes and dates of fishing, it is coincident with Christianity constantly and also he indicates that writing just like fishing is very hard, the skill of writing needs long times practices and thoughts, meanwhile works just like the marlin may also be attracted by others.Through Hemingways The Old Man and the Sea. Readers can understand iceberg theory better and know more about how to use it. Used his famous iceberg theory in The Old Man and the Sea. Hemmingway implied his own character and personality. At the same time, it told us no matter what kind of situation, we should keep our own dignity and the grace under pressure, we should learn to consider and be good at summarize the previous experience and apply it into our life.Key WordsIceberg theory; symbolism; unconscious desire; Christianity; writingIntroductionErnest Hemmingways famous iceberg theory best accounts for this: One eighths of an iceberg is above the water, while seven eighths is underneath the water. Profound levels of meaning and strong emotions will not enchant you until you dive into the water.Terse words, vivid images, copious emotions and profound thoughts are the four ingredients of Hemmingways iceberg theory. To be concrete, words and images are the so-called above water one eighths while emotions and thoughts are the other underneath seven eighths. The former is obvious in the novel while the later is embedded in the former. Words modeled images; meanwhile, images concluded emotions, which contained profound thoughts. Those four ingredients are necessary for Hemingways works. He stressed the implications of emotions and thoughts.The medium-length novel was the fruit of Hemmingway The Old Man and the Sea all along lifes thoughts and arts, and also here where his famous iceberg theory reached the peak perfecti。