voa英语听力：黑猩猩也可以会做饭.docx

voa英语听力：黑猩猩也可以会做饭假如可以，黑猩猩也会“做饭”If you cozy up to a campfire this summer, ponder what Charles Darwin called, quote, “probably the greatest [discovery] ever made by man“ - the control of fire. The anthropologist and primatologist Richard Wrangham has argued that the control of fire - and thus, cooking - has actually shaped our bodies and our brains.假如今年夏天你想在参与篝火会时取悦众人，那考虑一下查尔斯·达尔文的名言吧：“这可能是有史以来人类最宏大的发觉” ——掌握火人类学家和灵长类动物学家理查德·兰厄姆则认为掌握火以及烹饪的行为——实际上塑造了我们的身体和大脑。

\But cooking isn”t just about controlling fire.但是烹饪不仅仅是掌握火那么简洁When you think about cooking it actually has a lot of complex components.“ Yale psychologist Alexandra Rosati.“当你想到烹饪时，实际上会想到它有许多简单的成分耶鲁大学的心理学家亚历山大·罗萨蒂说So you have to plan for the future, you have to have some self-control by refraining to eat raw food you already have right now, you might want to have some causal reasoning to understand how cooking transforms the food.““你必需先打算一下，必需有肯定的自控力量抑制自己不去吃现有的生食物或许你需要一些因果推理思维，了解烹饪是如何转换食物的She and her colleague Felix Warneken, (VAR-neken) at Harvard, wanted to know if chimps also possess these basic cognitive qualities - even though they do not cook or control fire. So they performed a series of experiments in a chimp sanctuary in the Republic of Congo. They confirmed—as past studies have—that chimps prefer cooked over raw food. But they also found that chimps will patiently refrain from eating raw food right in front of them if they think there”s a chance it might get cooked. The chimps will even load raw food into what they thought was a “cooking device“—in reality a container with a false bottom, by which researchers would replace the raw food with cooked.她和来自哈佛的同事菲利克斯·沃纳肯(瓦尔——尼凯恩)想知道：黑猩猩是否也拥有这些根本的认知特质——虽然它们并不会去做饭或掌握火。

因此他们在刚果共和国的黑猩猩避难所进展了一系列的试验最终他们确认，就像过去的讨论证明的那样：比起生食，黑猩猩更喜爱煮熟的食物但他们也发觉，假如黑猩猩们认为摆在它们面前的生食物有时机被煮熟，它们会急躁地抑制住自己不去吃那些生食物黑猩猩甚至会把生食物放到它们认为的“烹饪设备”上——事实上是个拥有虚假底部的容器，讨论人员通过“假底”偷偷地把生食物换成熟食And chimps will even transport food across a room to one of those cooking devices, rather than eat it raw. At least sometimes.黑猩猩甚至会穿过一间屋子把食物运输到这个“烹饪设备”上，而不去吃生的至少有时候是这样They”d often try to carry it with their mouth, because chimpanzees are knuckle walkers, and you”d almost see them accidentally eat the food on their way over, almost like “oops“ they couldn”t even resist, because they were carrying the food in their mouth.“ The results are in the Proceedings of the Royal Society: B.“由于黑猩猩是靠关节行走的，所以它们常常会用嘴叼着食物进展搬运。

你甚至能看到它们在搬运的路上不当心吃掉一些食物，就像是不得已而为之，由于它们甚至没时机去抗拒——要知道它们是用嘴携带食物的该讨论结果发表于《皇家学会学报B》The researchers say these findings suggest that the common ancestor of chimps and humans may have also had this predisposition to cooking—so when fire was discovered, cooking caught on fast.讨论人员称这些发觉说明：黑猩猩和人类的共同祖先可能也有这种烹饪的倾向——因此火被发觉后，做饭很快变得流行起来But for chimps who might have serious culinary aspirations, there’s a catch.但对于黑猩猩这种物种来说，虽然它的内心特别想烹饪食物，但仍面临一个问题Cooking is sort of this very strange behavior because people do it together. Knowing something about the social behavior of chimps suggests that might actually be a really serious problem for them. So in contrast to humans, who will gather food and bring it back to a central location and cook it together, and share the food, chimps sort of eat on the go and they don”t really share food in that kind of way. So this sort of social explanation suggests that could be a really serious constraint on the evolution of cooking.““烹饪是一种特别惊奇的行为——由于人类是通过通力合作完成的。

已知的一些关于黑猩猩的社会行为说明：人类这种行为对黑猩猩来说，实际上可能是一个特别严峻的问题所以，与人类这种将食物收集起来并带回一个聚拢地，然后再集中烹饪并共享食物的行为相比，黑猩猩更倾向于边走边吃，而且它们的确不会用这种方式来共享食物因此这种社会行为解读说明：黑猩猩的这种行为对于烹饪的进化来说，可能是一个特别巨大的约束Something else to chew on as you and your human friends gather round the grill this summer, sharing in the bounty.今年夏天当你和你的人类朋友们聚拢在一起烧烤时，需要好好想想大方共享成果的重要性了。