毕业论文第二稿15520.doc

淮北师范大学 2012届学士学位论文Pragmatic Failure in Cross-cultural Communication学 院、专业 外国语、英语 研 究 方 向 应用语言学 英语语言学、英国/美国/（英语国家选一个）文学、翻译理论与实践、应用语言学、英国/美国/（英语国家选一个）文化学 生 姓 名 穆念 学 号 20080501082 指导教师姓名 王红卫 指导教师职称 讲师 2012 年 3 月10 日 Pragmatic Failure in Cross-cultural CommunicationAbstract: With the globalization of economy, cross-cultural communication is increasing rapidly in the whole world. Pragmatic failure often occurs in cross-cultural communication, which leads to misunderstandings among different speakers with various ethnic backgrounds. Pragmatic failure is one of the most important factors which contribute to the failure of communication. Only by understanding cultural differences, learning pragmatic failures, strengthening cultural awareness, and applying communication strategies properly can we make a successful cross-cultural communication. This study aims to discuss and analyze pragmatic failure in cross-cultural communication. The thesis consists of 5 chapters. The first chapter introduces some basic definitions of the terminologies in this study, such as culture, pragmatics, pragmatic failure and cross-cultural communication, etc. It also briefly introduces the purpose of the study. The second chapter discusses the two types of pragmatic failure with fresh examples, pragmalinguistic failure and sociopragmatic failure. The third chapter analyzes some major factors contributing to pragmatic failure in cross-cultural communication. It mainly discusses different thinking patterns and values between the westerners and Chinese. The fourth chapter provides some effective methods and pragmatic strategies to avoid pragmatic failure and interesting activities to develop students’ cultural awareness and pragmatic competence. Finally, a conclusion is given to summarize the whole study.Key words: pragmatic failure; cross-cultural communication; pragmatic competence; cultural difference跨文化交际中的语用失误摘要：随着经济全球化发展，跨文化交际在世界范围内迅速发展起来。

语用失误是众多引起交际失败的重要原因之一语用失误是经常发生在跨文化交际中的一种语言现象在进行交流时，它会给来自不同文化、不同民族背景的人们造成误解只有懂得不同文化之间的差异，了解语用失误，加强对文化意识的培养，恰当地运用交际策略，这样我们才能在跨文化交际中成功地进行进行顺利的交流互动本文将对跨文化交际中的语用失误进行讨论和分析，共由5个章节构成第一章主要讲的是研究背景，重点是介绍本文中所涉及的一些专业术语，比如说文化、语用学、跨文化交际和语用失误等，同时也简单的介绍了本文的写作意图第二章主要分析了跨文化交际中的两大语用失误，即语用语言失误和社交语用失误，并以日常生活中生动的例子进行了解释第三章讨论了造成跨文化交际失误的主要原因本章研究的重点主要是中西方不同的思维方式和价值观念第四章主要提供了一些避免语用失误的策略，和一些有效且有趣的方法来培养学生的文化意识和语用能力第五章是对整篇论文的小结关键词： 语用失误；跨文化交际；语用能力；文化背景差异 ContentsAbstract…………………………………………………………………………………………I1. Introduction………………………………………………………………………………….1 1.1 Research Background…………………………………………………………………...2 1.2 The Purpose of This Study………………………………………………………………12. Types of Pragmatic Failure………………………………………………………………….3 2.1 Pragmalinguistic Failure………………………………………………………………...3 2.1.1 The Real Meaning of “Do you have time?”………………………………………...3 2.1.2 The Reply of “How are you?”………………………………………………………4 2.1.3 The Usage of “of course”…………………………………………………………...4 2.1.4 Slangs, and Proverbs…………………………………………………………….….4 2.2 Sociopragmatic Failure………………………………………………………………….5 2.2.1 Opening a Safe Topic with a Foreigner……………………………………………..5 2.2.2 Compliment……………………………………………………………………..…..6 2.2.3 Farewell………………………………………………………………………….….6 2.2.4 Expressing Gratitude………………………………………………………………..73. The Factors Contributing to the Pragmatic Failure……………………………………....…8 3.1 Different Thinking Patterns……………………………………………………………..8 3.1.1 Different Means of Expressions…………………………………………..………...8 3.1.2 Different Word Order ……………………………………………………..……..…8 3.1.3 Different Expressions of Voices……………………………………………..…..….8 3.2 The Pragmatic Rules and Cultural Interference of Mother Tongue……………………..8 3.3 Different Values…………………………………………………………………..……..9 3.4 Weak Context Awareness…………………………………………………………..……9 3.5 Different Non-verbal Behaviors………………………………………………….…….104. Tactics to Avoid Pragmatic Failure and Develop Communicative Competence in Cross-cultural Communication……………………………………………….…………...….10 4.1 Tactics to Avoid Pragmatic Failure………………………………………………….....10 4.1.1 Improvement of pragmatic competence…………………………………...………10 4.1.2 The Appliance of Pragmatic Strategies…………………………………………....11 4.2 Tactics to Develop Communicative Competence…………………………………...…11 4.2.1 Pragmatic Knowledge and Cultural Differences…………………………………..12 4.2.2 Developing Communicative Activities and Creating Language Environment…....125. Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………13References…………………………………………………………….……………………....15Pragmatic Failure in Cross-cultural Communication1. Introduction1.1 Research BackgroundBefore we really get into the research, let’s learn some basic concepts of terminologies.The first quest。