英语语法大全之分词.doc

英语语法大全之分词一、分词的时态1）与主语动词同时，Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 听到这一消息，他高兴得手舞足蹈Arriving there, they found the boy dead. 刚一到那儿，他们就发现那男孩死了典型例题The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing 答案 B. 此处没有连词，不能选 D，否则出现了两个谓语动词 worked 和 was preparing 只能在 B，C 中选一个又因前后两个动作同时发生，且与主语为主动关系， 应用现在分词2）先于主动词While walking in the garden，he hurt his leg. 在花园里散步时他伤了腿分词作时间状语，如果先与主动词的动作，且强调先后， 要用 having doneHaving finished his homework, he went out.=As he had finished his homework, he went out.做完作业后，他出去了。

典型例题___ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 答案 C. 本题考查分词的时态与分词的否定式根据题意判断，分词的动作（接信）发 生在谓语动词的动作（决心再写信）之前，因此用分词的完成式分词的否定式的构成为 not +分词，故选 C该句可理解为：Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.二、分词作补语通常在感官动词和使役动词之后，如：I found my car missing. 我发现我的车不见了I'll have my watch repaired. 我想把我的手表修一下三、分词的语态1）通常，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动，例如：He is the man giving you the money. (= who gave you…) 他就是给你钱的那个人 He is the man stopped by the car. ( = who was stopped by…) 他就是那个被车拦住的人。

2）不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生 gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned 例: a well-read person. 一个读过许多书的人a much-travelled may 一个去过许多地方的人a burnt-out match 烧完了的火柴四、连词+分词(短语)有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚，可在分词前加连词 连词有： when，while，if though，after, before, as. 但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个，如：While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building. waiting 和 saw 的主语相同五、分词作表语现在分词： 表示主动，正在进行 过去分词： 表示被动，已经完成She looked tired with cooking. 她由于忙着做饭，看上去有些疲倦He remained standing beside the table. 他依然站在桌旁 澳门博彩公司 皇冠走地 备用网址 澳门赌场。