聚焦中考英语(辽宁省)考点聚焦课件：第39讲阅读理解.ppt

辽宁省辽宁省英语英语第第39讲　阅读理解讲　阅读理解 在近3年辽宁各地市的中考试题中，阅读理解大多数地方均为4篇，在形式上以选择型(4选1)为主要类型，并且大部分地区都会涉及一定量的图画或表格，以增强试题的趣味性各地话题涉及广泛，文体以记叙文和说明文为主，少量涉及议论文，词数均在200左右记叙文的话题以故事类为主，包括教育故事、情感故事、哲理故事等，以道德教育为目的，每年至少有2篇涉及该话题，约占阅读理解所有考查话题的50%预计2016年仍会涉及该话题广告图表类阅读理解的考查约占阅读理解所有考查话题的25%这类话题一方面增加了试题的趣味性，另一方面贴近生活实际，能教会学生一些英语在生活中的运用分析近三年辽宁试题可知，广告图表类涉及较多的是3～4组不同的小广告或图表组合，也会偶尔涉及某一个海报或某一则信息，所涉及的内容多贴近人们的社会生活，或是一些奇闻轶事预计2016年仍会涉及该形式说明文以介绍类为主，包括饮食健康、咨询建议、文化风俗、科普知识、社会热点、人物介绍、广告信息等，内容涉及广泛，以了解知识为目的每年中考试题中至少有1篇涉及该话题，约占阅读理解所有考查话题的25%预计2016年仍会涉及该话题。

中考英语“阅读理解”题主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力很多同学在做题时常常有一种“读得懂做不对”的感觉那么有必要对阅读理解这种题型及其解题技巧作一些简要的分析从近几年的中考阅读理解情况看，短文体裁多样，题材各异，文章涉及科学知识、社会文化、政治历史、人文环境和日常生活等方面，充分体现其时代性、实用性短文难度逐年加大常见题型有主旨题、细节题、推断题、猜测词义题和判断正误题做阅读理解练习应先看问题，弄清考点在阅读短文之前，快速浏览问题，以便在阅读短文时做到心中有数，快速、准确地捕捉所需信息其次要注意先易后难做题时不必拘泥于书中所呈现的语篇顺序，应遵循先易后难的原则如可先做细节题再做推断题，因为细节题大多能直接从文中找到答案，而推断题则需对短文进行深层理解，再作判断 (一)主旨概括题主旨题主要考查学生对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握做此类题时，应通读全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主题句的意义短文往往围绕主题句展开，主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句主旨大意题主要的设问方式有：①What's the main idea of this passage?②What does the passage mainly tell us?③What does the passage mainly discuss?④The writer means to tell us that ________.⑤The main idea of the passage is that ________.⑥The passage is mainly about ________.⑦From the passage we can learn/conclude that ________.⑧The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with ________.⑨What's the best title for the passage?⑩What would be the best title for the passage?⑪The best title for the passage is ________. (二)细节理解题细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。

做此类题时，应快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、数字等，阅读时要有针对性细节理解类题目常见的设问方式有：①Which of the following is true/false/mentioned?②What does the writer pay the least attention to?③Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.④All of the following statements may be true/false except ________.⑤Which of the following is not the result of...?⑥Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of...?【例1】(2015，辽阳) It was Sunday.I had one last patient to see.I reached her room in a hurry and stood at the doorway.She was an old woman，sitting in the chair，trying to put socks on her feet.I spoke quickly to the nurse and had a look at her chart noting (病历表)．I stood looking down at her.“Could you help me to put on my socks？” she asked.I didn't answer，but I said something like this，“How are you feeling？Your sugar and blood pressure were high but they are better today.The nurse mentioned you are anxious (渴望的) to see your son who's visiting you today.It's nice to have a family visit from faraway.I think you really look forward to seeing him.”She stopped me with a serious voice，“Sit down，doctor.This is my story，not your story.” I was surprised and embarrassed (尴尬的)．I sat down.I helped her with the socks.She began to tell me that her only son lived around the corner from her，but she hadn't seen him for five years.She believed that the stress caused her health problems.After hearing her story and putting on her socks，I asked if there was anything else I could do for her.She shook her head and smiled.All she wanted me to do was to listen.I often thought of what the woman taught me and I reminded myself of the importance of stopping，sitting and listening.The storyteller should be listened to—without interruption．I believe in the power of listening.I know that healing (康复) takes place when someone stops，sits down and listens.【文章大意】本文通过讲述一位医生与一名患者之间的经历，让人懂得倾听是一剂良药。

1．The old woman was my ________.A．doctor　　B．friend　　C．patient　　D．nurse【解析】细节理解题从第一段第二句I had one last patient to see.和第四句She was an old woman.可知，这位老人是我的病人答案：__C__2．I ________ the old woman when I saw her at first.A．didn't listen to B．carefully looked overC．knew a lot about D．offered help to【解析】细节理解题从第三段开始She stopped me with a serious voice，“Sit down，doctor.This is my story，not your story.”可知，起初医生只顾自己夸夸其谈，而没有倾听患者的心声，引起了患者的不满答案：__A__3．The old woman lived a(n) ________ life.A．fantastic B．easy C．happy D．lonely【解析】推理判断题。

从第二段中The nurse mentioned you are anxious to see your son who‘s visiting you today.可知，她急切地想见到儿子另外从第三段中She began to tell me that her only son lived around the corner from her，but she hadn’t seen him for five years.可知，她五年没见到自己的儿子所以她过的是一种很孤单的生活答案：__D__4．The underlined word “interruption” means ________.A．打动 B．打岔 C．打乱 D．打击【解析】猜测词义题根据倒数第二段最后一句：The storyteller should be listened to—without interruption.可知，讲述者应该被倾听，不应被打断、打扰答案：__B__5．Which is the best title (题目) of the passage？________.A．We should be thankful to othersB．The real meaning of loveC．Listening is powerful medicineD．Helping others is necessary【解析】主旨大意题。

通过文章中医患之间的对话可知，作者希望人们之间多一些倾听，因此C项最恰当另外，其他三个选项的主题分别是感恩、爱和助人，和主题不符，因此排除答案：__C__If you are hungry，，what do you do？？Get your favorite meal and stay quiet after that？？Just like your stomach，，your mind is hungry，，too.But it never lets you know，，because it's busy thinking about your dream lover，，favorite star and many such things.So your brain just pays attention to your needs and never lets itself grow.When your mind stops growing，，your creativity (创创造造力力) ) stops，，too.This is why we all sometimes think ““What happens next？？””，，““Why can't I think？？””，，““Why am I always given the difficult problems？？”” Well，，this is because we always use our brain for meaningless (无意无意义义的的) ) things.Hunger of the mind can be actually satiated (满足足) ) through reading.Because reading has been the most educative (教教育育的的) tool used by us from the childhood.You have a large number of books，，they will answer all your ““How to？？”” questions.When you read a book，，you just don't run your eyes through the lines，，but even your mind explains it to you.The interesting part of the book is always stored in your mind.The more books you read，，the wider your mind will open up.Also，，this improves your creativity.Actually，，I used to have trouble in speaking English well，，but as I read，，I have made great progress.So join me and give food for your mind by reading，，reading and more reading.Now what are you waiting for？？Go，，get a book，，and let me know!1．．From this passage，，we sometimes have trouble thinking because __ __．．A．．we eat too muchB．．we don't have a good sleepC．．we think of too many meaningless thingsD．．we are too busy2．．We could __ __ when our mind is hungry.A．．eat a big meal B．．read a bookC．．watch TV D．．chat with friendsCB3．．The passage mainly tells us that reading can __ __．．A．．bring us some problemsB．．make us think of meaningless thingsC．．get your favorite mealD．．open up your mind4．．According to the passage，，we can remember the __ __ part when we read a book.A．．educative B．．interestingC．．meaningless D．．difficultDB5．．We can know that the writer __ __．．A．．gives food to some peopleB．．waits for someone to learn a languageC．．encourages people to read more booksD．．stops speaking English【【文文章章大大意意】】本本文文主主要要说说明明了了读读书书对对人人的的影影响响，，号号召召人人们们多多读读书。

书1．．C　　【【解析解析】】本题是细节理解题第一段末句说明了答案本题是细节理解题第一段末句说明了答案2．．B　　【【解解析析】】本本题题是是细细节节理理解解题题由由第第二二段段第第一一句句““思思想想的的饥饥饿完全可以通过读书来满足饿完全可以通过读书来满足””，，可知应选可知应选BC3．．D　　【【解解析析】】本本题题是是细细节节理理解解题题第第二二段段倒倒数数第第二二句句““The more books you read，，the wider your mind will open up.””说说明明应应选选D4．．B　　【【解解析析】】本本题题是是细细节节理理解解题题第第二二段段倒倒数数第第三三句句“The interesting part of the book is always stored in your mind.”说说明明了了答答案5．．C　　【【解解析析】】本本题题是是细细节节理理解解题题可可由由末末段段第第二二句句“So join me and give food for your mind by reading...”等句可知应选等句可知应选C (三)推理判断题推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论的题型，主要考查学生的理解力和推断力。

这类推断通常包括：数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和倾向等的推断做此类题时，应根据短文中的相关语句，对与事实有关的细节加以分析，找出线索，悟出字里行间的意思，反复比较，从而作出合乎逻辑的判断推理判断题主要的设问方式有：①It can be inferred/concluded/seen from the passage that...②Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage?③The writer suggests that...④The writer uses the example of...to show that...⑤What's the writer's attitude toward...?⑥What's the writer's purpose of writing the passage?⑦From the passage，we know...⑧The writer probably agrees that... (四)猜测词义题猜测词义题主要考查学生根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义的能力。

一般情况下，推断词义的题目中所出现的单词，大多数是学生未曾见过的生词，学生需要在该词出现的上下文中去寻找线索通过阅读上下文，断定该词的真正含义，然后将这个释义代入文中，检查是否贴切，仔细比较直到得出该词的确切的含义词义猜测题主要的设问方式有：①What's the meaning of the underlined word/phrase...in Chinese?②The underlined word...refers to/probably means...③The underlined word...could be replaced by...④What is the meaning of...?⑤Which of the following words can take the place of the word...?【例2】 (2015，抚顺)What do you think will happen when the traditional culture meet modern technology？ Yes， the “dead” words become lively characters (人物) at once.How happy it is to enjoy these Chinese cartoons！　　Ma Liang is a poor boy who loves painting.He always uses his magic brush to fight against the bad people in the village.The cartoon The Magic Brush came out in 1955.　　A group of tadpoles (蝌蚪) are born.They try to find their mother that they have never seen.The story is very simple，but it needs complex technology to show the artistic style of ink (水墨) painting.Little Tadpole Looking for Mom was watched in 1961 first.　　The Monkey King：Uproar in Heaven (1961－1964) is China's first color cartoon.It is from the Chinese novel Journey to the West.It's successful.Not only we but also many westerners like the great monkey Sun Wukong.　　To beat two bad persons，an old man grows 7 calabashes (葫芦)，and they change into 7 boys.They try their best to beat the bad.Calabash Brothers (1986) is a masterpiece (杰作) of Chinese paper­cutting art.【文章大意】这篇短文图文并茂地介绍了四部中国传统文化与现代科技结合而成的动画片：《神笔马良》《小蝌蚪找妈妈》《大闹天宫》和《葫芦兄弟》。

1．________ show the artistic style of ink painting.A．The Magic BrushB．Little Tadpole Looking for MomC．The Monkey King：Uproar in HeavenD．Calabash Brothers【解析】细节理解题根据第二个表格中．..show the artistic style of ink painting.可知《小蝌蚪找妈妈》展示了水墨画的艺术风格答案：__B__2．What does the underlined word “complex” mean in Chinese?A．重复的 B．复杂的 C．杂乱的 D．冗长的【解析】词义理解题根据第二个表格中The story is very simple，but it needs complex technology to show the artistic style of ink painting.可知展示水墨画艺术风格的动画片需要复杂的艺术答案：__B__3．The Monkey King：Uproar in Heaven is ________.A．the first film in ChinaB．only loved by ChineseC．the first color cartoon in ChinaD．loved by all the westerners【解析】细节理解题。

根据第三个表格中Uproar in Heaven is China's first color cartoon.可知答案答案：__C__4．Which is TRUE according to the passage?A．Ma Liang punished the villagers with his brush.B．Little Tadpole Looking for Mom came out in 1964.C．The Monkey King is from a Chinese novel.D．Calabash Brothers is from Chinese clay art.【解析】本题考查对文章信息的综合推理判断能力采取逐项分析排除法根据第一个表格中He always uses his magic brush to fight against the bad people in the village.可知马良用画笔惩罚坏人，选项A是错误的；根据第二个表格中Little Tadpole Looking for Mom was watched in 1961 first.可知选项B是错误的；根据第三个表格中It is from the Chinese novel Journey to the West.可知选项C是正确的；根据第四个表格中Calabash Brothers is a masterpiece of Chinese paper­cutting art.可知选项D是错误的。

答案：__C__5．From the passage，we can learn something about ________.A．famous people B．Chinese inventionsC．traditional food D．Chinese cartoons【解析】主旨大意题分析短文可知这四部作品都是中国动画片答案：__D__Four years ago when I was a boy of 11，，I got into the biggest trouble as a kid.It was a Saturday morning.Both my parents were out，，leaving me and my 10­month­old sister home alone.Anyway，，my sister was still asleep in her room.In fact I had the house to myself.I decided to do some drawing.Soon I gave up.Nothing was on TV，，so I felt bored and touched the candles on the shelf...I had an idea！！What would happen if I set fire to some kitchen paper？？Well，，of course it went on fire，，but it wasn't the tiny flame (火火苗苗) I'd expected，，and I couldn't blow it out.I threw it on the floor，，and then luckily got my dad's boots (靴子靴子) and stamped it out．．I thought I was safe until there was a HUGE hole in my room.When my mum came home later，，she smelt the smoke immediately.She dropped the shopping bag，，luckily for me，，over the hole.I thought this meant she would never see it.However，，after running round the house checking for a fire，，she of course picked up the bag and saw the hole.Next I was grounded (关关禁禁闭闭) ) and in trouble for months.Even worse though，，the hole was still there，，reminding me of what I did.6．．How old was the writer when he wrote the passage？？____A．．11 years old. B．．13 years old.C．．15 years old. D．．17 years old.7．．The underlined words “stamp_out” in the first paragraph mean __ __．．A．．吹吹灭 B．．踩灭 C．．杀灭 D．．浇灭CB8．． Put the sentences in the right order according to the passage.__ __①①The boy set fire to some kitchen paper.②②The boy did some drawing.③③The boy was grounded.④④The boy stamped the fire out.⑤⑤His mother checked for a fire.A．．②④③①⑤②④③①⑤ B．．②①④⑤③②①④⑤③C．．②①④③⑤②①④③⑤ D．．①③④②⑤①③④②⑤B9．．Who put out the fire at last？？__ __A．．The writer.B．．The writer and his sister.C．．The writer's mother.D．．The writer's father.10．．What's the main idea of the passage？？__ __A．．It's difficult to put out a fire.B．．The boy didn't look after his sister.C．．The boy made a big trouble when he was 11.D．．Don't leave children home alone while shopping.AC【【文文章章大大意意】】本本文文是是一一篇篇记记叙叙文文，，讲讲述述了了作作者者小小时时候候惹惹的的一一个个麻烦。

麻烦1．．C　　【【解解析析】】细细节节理理解解题题根根据据Four years ago when I was a boy of 11可知可知，，作者是在作者是在15岁时写的这篇文章岁时写的这篇文章2．．B　　【【解析解析】】词义猜测题根据词义猜测题根据boots可知是踩灭可知是踩灭，，故选故选B3．．B　　【【解析解析】】推理判断题通读全文可知选推理判断题通读全文可知选B4．．A　　【【解析解析】】细节理解题根据第一段最后一句可知选细节理解题根据第一段最后一句可知选A5．．C　　【【解解析析】】主主旨旨大大意意题题根根据据Four years ago when I was a boy of 11，，I got into the biggest trouble as a kid.并并结结合合全全文文内内容容可可知选知选C。