高中英语绝佳复习备考资料问题二：缺乏猜测生词的能力.doc

问题一：缺乏猜测生词的能力【问题描述与分析】按照考纲要求，高考的阅读文章允许有 3%以内的生词这就需要考生尽可能利用这 些词所处的语境来猜测词义高考阅读理解中比重最大也是比较基础的题型就是词义猜测 和细节理解题，这类题是考生争取的重点，它要求考生快速而准确地获取信息，从而拿到 最基本的分数考生最常见的问题就是见到生单词就头脑发蒙，无法从已知信息中找到有 用的线索，从而造成失分例 1】 I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time I was on a train. I did not particularly relish the long train journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics.Which of the following words can best take the place of the word “relish” in the second paragraph？ (2010·全国Ⅰ卷)A．choose B．enjoyC．prepare for D. carry on解析：有些学生连 particularly 也不认识，直接发蒙无法正确猜测。

本段画线词的语境说，作者不太喜欢漫长的列车旅途，于是准备了许多本杂志，由此判断画线词的含义是 B她觉得这样的长途火车旅行是很枯燥的，她不喜欢答案：B【例 2】 That’s why slight differences in conversational style—tiny little things like microseconds of pause－can have a great effect on one’s life. The result in this case was a judgment of psychological problems－even in the mind of the woman herself, who really wondered what was wrong with her and registered for assertiveness training.The underlined word “assertiveness” in the last paragraph probably means________2010·北京卷)A．being willing to speak one’s mindB．being able to increase one’s powerC．being ready to make one’s own judgmentD．being quick to express one’s ideas confidently解析：本词的前面有个 register 对于很多考生也是生词，导致学生无法猜测词义。

根据本段对这位女士的描述可以得知她的问题出在哪里，因此 D 项符合题意答案：D【解决方案与复习指南】考生要利用上下文意所表达的相关关系及生词所处的语法位置，推测出词类和词义 阅读理解中词义猜测题和细节理解题出题知识分类总结如下：1．词义猜测题(1)常用提问方式：①According to the passage.probably means ________.②The author uses the word.to mean________.③What does the underlined word.refer to?④The word (phrase, clause, .) .refers to (most probable means) .________.⑤What does the word.in Para.stand for?⑥What does the writer mean when he says “.”？⑦Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word.as it is used in the text?⑧Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word?(2)解题方法猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。

它不但需要准确无误地理解上 下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜” ， 通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义解答此类试题，考生可以进行大胆猜测，但却又不是胡乱地、盲目地猜测，应使用一 定的方法和技巧下面介绍几种有效的猜测词义的方法，可以在平时的实战演练中注 意训练，以期在考场上把失误减少到最低限度策略 1：利用上下文语境猜测任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关 利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程 中的一大关键策略 2：根据语义转折猜词有时文章的作者为了增强表达效果，会用一些含有表示转折意思的连词、副词或短语 如：though, although, still, but, yet, instead, instead of, however, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, unlike, rather than, for one thing, for another 等，我们可以根据转折意思猜 测词义。

此外，我们还可以通过捕捉相关的同义词近义词、反义词，利用有关的例证进行词义 推测2．指代题对于指代题，考生应正确理解文段的内容，再根据上下文的句子结构、主谓关系以及 上下文之间的语义关系和逻辑关系等来确定所指代的内容同时，注意以下几个要点：(1)注意指代条件it, they, one, that，this 都有自己的指代条件，如单数、复数、可数、 不可数、先行词的远近(先行词一般紧靠代词也就是说代词前面有几个可指代的词或 词组同时出现，最靠近的词可能性最大)它要求对代词所在句子以及紧邻几个句子的 结构和意思都有准确的理解2)注意文章意思如果代词周围有好几个名词或词组，而且都符合指代条件，这就要 分析哪一选项符合文章意思3)注意搭配意思把四个选项试着代入原文，看哪一项符合搭配意思，包括句子的语 法意义和逻辑意义4)注意综合考虑综合注意指代条件，文章意思和搭配意思总之，遇到猜测词、句义类试题，要依据上下文进行综合推断，一定要注意上下文的 联系，不宜只根据某个细节或者某个句子简单下结论5)注意平时积累总结①总结词类的转化，如：decide—decision, describe­description, explain—explanation； 形容词与名词的转化，如：anxious—anxiety, angry—anger, free—freedom, various— variety 等。

②总结、归纳高频同义、近义词语和表达相同意义的表达方式，如，表示“对……满 意” ，可以说：be pleased/satisfied/content with., express one’s satisfaction with.；养成 做某事的习惯，可以说：be/become used/accustomed to doing sth.，be in/get into the habit of doing sth., make it a rule to do sth.等命题者在设计阅读理解题干时，往往使用 此类表达方式如：One morning more than thirty years ago, I entered the Track Kitchen, a restaurant where everyone from the humblest (卑微的)to the most powerful came for breakfast. I noticed an empty chair next to an elderly, unshaven man, who looked somewhat disheveled. He was wearing a worn­out hat and was alone. I asked if I might join him. He agreed quietly and I sat down to have my breakfast.We cautiously began a conversation and spoke about a wide rang of things. We never introduced ourselves. I was concerned that he might have no money and not be able to afford something to eat. So as I rose to go back to the counter and buy a second cup of coffee, I asked，“May I get you something？”“A coffee would be nice.”(2010·重庆卷)1．What does the underlined word “disheveled” mean?A．Unfriendly. B．Untidy. C．Gentle. D．Kind.解析：词义猜测题。

由文章第一段信息句 I noticed an empty chair next to an elderly, unshaven man(我注意到空桌旁坐的那位年龄较大且满脸胡须的人)和 He was wearing a worn­out hat(他戴着一顶破旧的帽子)可知，这人外表看起来显得有点不整洁(untidy)答案：B2．The author bought coffee for the old man because________.A．he thought the old man was poorB．he wanted to start a conversationC．he intended to show his politenessD．he would like to thank the old man解析：事实细节题由第二段信息句 I was concerned that he might have no money and not be able to afford something to eat(我担心他可能没钱买吃的)可以得知，作者为那位老人支付咖啡钱的原因就是他认为那位老人可能是很穷。

答案：AWhen something goes wrong, it can be very satisfying to say, “Well, it’s so­and­so’s fault.” or“I know I’m late, but it’s not my fault; the car broke down.” It is probably not your fault, but 。