TennesseeWilliams美国文学威廉田纳西课件.ppt

TennesseeWilliamsTennesseeWilliams美国美国文学威廉田纳西课件文学威廉田纳西课件Life•Thomas Lanier Williams (Tennessee in honor of his Southern accent) in Columbus, Mississippi (1911)1) An abusive and alcoholic father (travelling shoe salesman )2) A refined but sometimes aggressive mother unbalanced union →D. H. Lawrence 3)His sister, Rose Williams, an elegant, slim beauty diagnosed with schizophrenia (精神分裂症) , spent most of her adult life in mental hospitals (lifelong nightmare to him) “（（书书本本成成了了））我我的的归归隐隐地地，，我我的的洞洞穴穴，，我我的的避避难难所所。

我我在在逃逃避避什什么么呢呢？？我我那那时时体体弱弱多多病病，，邻邻居居的的男男孩孩笑笑我我娘娘娘娘腔腔，，父父亲亲也也称称我我为为南南希希小小姐姐，，因因为为我我宁宁愿愿呆呆在在外外公公的的藏藏书书屋屋里里埋埋头头阅阅读读，，也也不不愿愿意意出出去去玩玩弹弹子子游游戏戏或或者者打打棒棒球 Life•the University of Iowa (drama,1938)•Frank Philip Merlo, his long-time secretary and lover “当你的生命之火渐趋黯淡，你开始相信最后的那点光亮当你的生命之火渐趋黯淡，你开始相信最后的那点光亮在谱写黑暗的前奏之时，也为你指明了什么在谱写黑暗的前奏之时，也为你指明了什么”，在梅罗死，在梅罗死后，田纳西在他的照片上写下这样一句话从此之后，田后，田纳西在他的照片上写下这样一句话从此之后，田纳西陷入了十年被他自己称为是纳西陷入了十年被他自己称为是“昏沉岁月昏沉岁月”的生活，毒的生活，毒品和酒精成了他生命中不可缺少的东西品和酒精成了他生命中不可缺少的东西 Oscar Wilde/Lord Alfred Douglas •Choked to death (1983) 电影电影《《欲望号街车欲望号街车》》导演艾利亚导演艾利亚·卡赞指出：卡赞指出：“生命的一生命的一切是他的戏剧，而他戏剧里的一切就是他的生命。

切是他的戏剧，而他戏剧里的一切就是他的生命 Major Plays•The Glass Menagerie (1945), Williams’s first major success, won the New York Drama Critics’ Circle Award (纽约剧作家协会奖). •A Streetcar Named Desire (1947), his second major play, won another Drama Critics’ Circle Award and a Pulitzer Prize•Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1955), won another Drama Critics’ Circle Award and another Pulitzer Prize星光璀璨星光璀璨• HOLLYWOOD STARSVivien Leigh&Marlon Brando Elizabeth Taylor General Features of the Plays•Autobiographical references to his life such as homosexuality, mental instability, violence and alcoholism•Sensitive, poetic, lonely and vulnerable misfits for protagonists•Music and lighting effects to create the haunting and dream-like atmosphere夏日痴魂（Suddenly Last Summer）•该剧围绕着从未出场的主人公塞巴斯蒂安该剧围绕着从未出场的主人公塞巴斯蒂安·凡内波尔的私凡内波尔的私生活之谜而展开。

生活之谜而展开塞巴斯蒂安是一名四十出头的养尊处优塞巴斯蒂安是一名四十出头的养尊处优的富家弟子，他唯一的作为就是每年创作一首诗，由母亲的富家弟子，他唯一的作为就是每年创作一首诗，由母亲瓦尔勒黛出资发表据瓦尔勒黛回忆说：瓦尔勒黛出资发表据瓦尔勒黛回忆说：“我非常喜爱塞我非常喜爱塞巴斯蒂安巴斯蒂安……他的朋友们总是衣着漂亮，而且非常爱好艺他的朋友们总是衣着漂亮，而且非常爱好艺术表妹凯瑟琳是个美丽外向的少女，塞巴斯蒂安利用表妹凯瑟琳是个美丽外向的少女，塞巴斯蒂安利用她去引诱一些漂亮青年到家，然后伺机与其中一些人发生她去引诱一些漂亮青年到家，然后伺机与其中一些人发生关系有一年夏天，他与瓦尔勒黛和凯瑟琳一同出游加勒关系有一年夏天，他与瓦尔勒黛和凯瑟琳一同出游加勒比海当他们在墨西哥停留时，塞巴斯蒂安因拒绝向一些比海当他们在墨西哥停留时，塞巴斯蒂安因拒绝向一些街头少年施舍而被后者穷赶至一条街巷这些曾经为他提街头少年施舍而被后者穷赶至一条街巷这些曾经为他提供过供过“服务服务”的少年将他打死后，啃食了尸体凯瑟琳目的少年将他打死后，啃食了尸体凯瑟琳目睹表哥被害的惨象，导致神经错乱然而，凯瑟琳无法对睹表哥被害的惨象，导致神经错乱。

然而，凯瑟琳无法对塞巴斯蒂安的死亡真相保持缄默，她因此被送入了疯人院塞巴斯蒂安的死亡真相保持缄默，她因此被送入了疯人院瓦尔勒黛深怕家丑外扬，请来了精神病医生，以资助他的瓦尔勒黛深怕家丑外扬，请来了精神病医生，以资助他的研究为条件，要求他给凯瑟琳做脑叶切除手术，以研究为条件，要求他给凯瑟琳做脑叶切除手术，以“把那把那个骇人的故事从她的脑中除掉个骇人的故事从她的脑中除掉”《《夏天的突变夏天的突变》》就是以就是以凯瑟琳对塞巴斯蒂安的死因的叙述贯穿全剧凯瑟琳对塞巴斯蒂安的死因的叙述贯穿全剧 Analysis•Homosexuality(hero), mental instability(heroin), violence(murder)•Sensitive, poetic, lonely and vulnerable misfit(hero)•威廉斯在文学生涯的初期曾说：威廉斯在文学生涯的初期曾说：“我的作品只有一个主题，那就是社我的作品只有一个主题，那就是社会如何迫使那些心智敏感而又不想循规蹈矩的人走向毁灭会如何迫使那些心智敏感而又不想循规蹈矩的人走向毁灭Major Characters:BlancheStanleyStellaMitchAllanThe Broken Tower•Hart Crane (Chicago poet)•1899年出生的鹤先生，也算抓住了年出生的鹤先生，也算抓住了90后的尾巴啦，后的尾巴啦，13岁岁开始写诗，开始写诗，17岁开始发表诗歌，岁开始发表诗歌，27岁出版第一本诗集岁出版第一本诗集《《白白色楼房色楼房》》。

•鹤先生是一个同性恋鹤先生是一个同性恋•鹤先生作品，很像艾略特鹤先生作品，很像艾略特•晦涩忧伤如平静的大海，如他于晦涩忧伤如平静的大海，如他于32岁便投海自尽的人生岁便投海自尽的人生•《《碎塔碎塔》》是他生前发表的最后一部作品，是鹤先生一生的是他生前发表的最后一部作品，是鹤先生一生的代表作，也是他传记的名称，也是弗兰科的这部电影的名代表作，也是他传记的名称，也是弗兰科的这部电影的名称 tense family relationship, violent alcoholism, homosexual writer trying to find his voice in a heterosexual worldSCENE ONE•What does this part concern about?•Blanche’s arrival at Elysian Fields and her encounter with Stanley.•Four parts:–Meat scene–Blanche with Eunice–Blanche with Stella–Blanche with StanleyQuestions Concerning Scene One•1) What possible symbolic meaning does meat scene imply, especially in relation to Stanley’s appearance and personality? (see P223-224) •It implies the desire for food and sex, which is quite in accordance with Stanley’s primitive qualities. It is as if he were bringing it back to his cave fresh from the kill.•2) What do you think of Blanche’s encounter with Eunice? (see P225-226) Do you find something wrong with Blanche? (see P226) •Her encounter with Eunice demonstrates a sense of superiority which apparently offends the latter. •Blanche is heavily addicted to alcohol, which naturally leads readers to link it with her downfall.Questions Concerning Scene One•3) What is the most essential difference between Blanche and Stella?•Stella manages to mingle with the new South (her husband, her neighbors, and so on) despite her noble birth, while Blanche is reluctant to fit into the new South. •4) What do you think of Blanche’s encounter with Stanley? (see P232-233)•Their first encounter is disharmonious (alcohol, dressing, marriage). In this encounter, Blanche appears phony whereas Stanley appears rude.Scene Seven•What is this part mainly about?•Stanley breaks Blanche’s dark secrets to Stella when Blanche is taking a bath.•What is the importance of Blanche’s song in developing the theme? (see the song)•The lyrics of “It’s Only a Paper Moon”, the popular 1940s ballad Blanche sings while bathing, summarize Blanche’s situation with regard to Mitch. •The speaker in the song says that if both lovers believe in their imagined reality, then it’s no longer “make-believe”. These lyrics sum up Blanche’s approach to life. She believes that her fibbing is only her means of enjoying a better way of life and is therefore harmless.•As Blanche sits in the tub singing, Stanley tells Stella the details of Blanche’s sexually corrupt past. The author ironically juxtaposes Blanche’s fantastical understanding of herself with Stanley’s description of her real nature. In reality, Blanche is a sham who feigns propriety and sexual modesty. Once Mitch learns the truth about Blanche, he can no longer believe in her tricks.nLie Number One (Page 234-235)lRejected by the hotel of FlamingolPractically told by the mayor to get out of townlBlanche’s reputation: ruined, notoriousnLie Number Two (Page 235-236)lGot mixed up with a 17-year-old boylKicked out of schoolThe Ending•The next scene takes place weeks later, as Stella and her neighbor Eunice pack Blanche’s bags. Blanche is in the bath, and Stanley plays poker with his buddies in the front room. A doctor will arrive soon to take B to an insane asylum, but B believes she is leaving to join her millionaire. Stella confesses to Eunice that she simply cannot allow herself to believe B’s assertion that Stanley raped her. When B emerges from the bathroom, her deluded talk makes it clear that she has lost her grip on reality.The Ending•The doctor arrives with a nurse, and Blanche initially panics and struggles against them when they try to take her away. Stanley and his friends fight to subdue B, while Eunice holds Stella back to keep her from interfering. Mitch begins to cry. Finally, the doctor approaches B in a gentle manner and convinces her to leave with him. She allows him to lead her away and does not look back. Stella sobs with her child in her arms, and Stanley comforts her with loving words.Themes fantasy’s inability to overcome reality Blanche (fantasy) and Stanley (reality): reality triumphs over fantasy; fantasy shields people from reality’s harsh blows 虽然布兰奇所代表的幻想派在南方没落与颓废的虽然布兰奇所代表的幻想派在南方没落与颓废的洪流席卷下终被斯坦利所代表的现实派摧毁，但洪流席卷下终被斯坦利所代表的现实派摧毁，但剧末的布兰奇总算得以彻底摆脱晦暗的现实，不剧末的布兰奇总算得以彻底摆脱晦暗的现实，不再醒来。

再醒来Themes the relationship between sex and death Blanche’s fear of death manifests itself in her fears of aging and of lost beauty. She seems to believe that by continually asserting her sexuality, especially toward men younger than herself, she will be able to avoid death and return to the world of teenage bliss she experienced before her husband’s suicide. Ironically, her sexual history partly sends her to her downfall. “They told me to take a street-car named Desire, and transfer to one called Cemeteries, and ride six blocks and get off at —— Elysian Fields! Themes dependence on men Both Blanche and Stella see male companions as their only means to achieve happiness, physically, mentally or financially. When Stella chooses to remain with Stanley, she chooses to rely on a man instead of her sister. Blanche sees marriage to Mitch as her means of escaping destitution; when Mitch rejects Blanche because of Stanley’s gossip about her reputation, Blanche immediately thinks of Shep Huntleigh, the millionaire who might rescue her. Soul-mate from China•《《人生如戏人生如戏——田纳西田纳西·威廉斯忏悔录威廉斯忏悔录》》•白先勇和威廉斯同为爱荷华大学校友，相似的成长经历、同为同性恋者、都喜爱书写回忆作品等多重原因，再加上他对威廉斯的喜爱，他是真正读懂威廉斯的为数不多的人之一。

It’s Only a Paper Moon•Without your loveIt‘s a honky-tonk parade 没有你的爱没有你的爱这首歌只能在廉价的夜总会里传唱这首歌只能在廉价的夜总会里传唱Without your loveIt’s a melody played in a penny arcade没有你的爱没有你的爱这首歌只能在低俗的游戏厅里播放这首歌只能在低俗的游戏厅里播放It‘s a Barnum and Bailey worldJust as phony as it can be这是属于巴纳姆和贝利的世界这是属于巴纳姆和贝利的世界 要多虚伪有多虚伪要多虚伪有多虚伪But it wouldn't be make-believeIf you believed in me但如果你愿意相信我但如果你愿意相信我这一切就不是幻影这一切就不是幻影•Say, it's only a paper moonSailing over a card-board sea这不过是纸做的月亮这不过是纸做的月亮航行在纸板做的海上而已航行在纸板做的海上而已But it wouldn't be make-believeIf you believed in me但如果你愿意相信我但如果你愿意相信我这一切就不是幻影这一切就不是幻影Say, It's only a canvas skyHanging over a muslin tree这不过是帆布做的天空这不过是帆布做的天空悬挂在棉布做的树上而已悬挂在棉布做的树上而已But it wouldn't be make-believeIf you believed in me但如果你愿意相信我但如果你愿意相信我这一切就不是幻影这一切就不是幻影Assignment•A Streetcar Named Desire is a play that touches readers’ heart. In what way does this play strike you? (no less than 150 words) 结束结束 。