美国文学选读第三版内容摘要作者作品简介20页.docx

作者及作品1. 本杰明.富兰克林（Benjamin Franklin）1706-1790 The Autobiography <<自传>> 第一章富兰克林是18世纪殖民地时期、启蒙时期和独立战争时期的代表人物，他是科学家，作家，政治家和发明家他是人文主义者，相信人性善良，主张人权平等、政治平等他的小说自传以亲身经历再次说明，美国有的是机会，只要勤奋便能成功His style is characterized by simplicity, frankness, wit, clarity, logic and order. 他的成功经验对美国人的人生观、事业观和道德观产生过深远影响他的自传还开创了美国名人写传记的风气、建立了传记文学的传统Franklin was a representative of the colonial period, the Enlightenment period, and the American revolution in the 18th century. He was a scientist, a writer, a politician, and an inventor. He is a humanist and believes in good human nature and advocates equality of human rights and political equality. His autobiographical autobiography once again explained that the United States has opportunities and can only succeed if it is diligent. His successful experience has had a far-reaching impact on Americans outlook on life, career, and ethics. His autobiography also created a culture of American celebrity biography and established a tradition of biographical literature.The Autobiography：它是美国第一部成功的传记体作品，是美国民族文学的早期代表作。

自传不仅描写了一个成功者在美国建国前期取得的成就，其价值和意义还在于揭示这一人物内在道德品性的塑造过程自传展示了他之所以成功，一方面是依靠自身的勤奋和信念的力量，另一方面还在于时代的造就自传展示了18世纪美国的社会图景以及启蒙时代的精神风貌，塑造了一个全新的美国人的形象，并以个人的发展和成就再现了社会孕育的活力对于美国个性的形成，有着重要长久的影响，同时也在一定程度上开始扭转欧洲人对美国的蔑视和偏见It is the first successful biography in the United States and an early masterpiece of American national literature. The autobiography not only describes the achievements of a successful person in the early days of the founding of the United States, but also reveals its value and significance in revealing the process of shaping the characters intrinsic moral character. Autobiography shows that he has succeeded. On the one hand, he is relying on his own diligence and the power of faith, on the other hand, it is also the creation of the era. Autobiography shows the social landscape of the 18th century in the United States and the spiritual outlook of the Enlightenment era, shaping a brand-new image of Americans and reproducing the vitality of social gestation with personal development and achievements. For the formation of American personality, it has an important long-term influence. At the same time, it also begins to reverse the contempt and prejudice of Europeans to the United States to some extent.2. 欧文（Washington Irving）1783-1859欧文以短篇小说见长，他的见闻札记the sketch book开创了美国短篇小说的传统，使他成为第一个享有国际声誉的美国作家。

充满美国式的浪漫气息和传奇色彩Irving is known for his short stories. His sketch book created the tradition of American short stories, making him the first American writer to enjoy international reputation. Full of American-style romance and legend.3. 亨利.大卫.梭罗（Henry David Thoreau）1817-1862 Walden <<沃尔登>> 第2章浪漫主义时期的散文家、哲学家、诗人他接受爱默生关于认识自我和研究自然的思想，独自在沃尔登湖畔生活了两年，把超验主义的原则和自己的哲理信念付诸实践他宣传自然的美好，批判资本主义文明的消极影响，呼吁人们到自然中寻找生活的意义和丰富的精神世界他倡导个人主义、自力更生、物质节俭他主张和平斗争的方式反对战争和奴隶制他后来逐渐脱离超验主义transcendentalism，成为一位社会活动家他一生追求崇高的道德境界，为崇尚物质的美国生活增加了一个精神侧面。

Style: 文章清晰，直截了当，文雅He is a prose writer, philosopher and poet during the Romantic period. He accepted Emersons thoughts about understanding himself and studying nature and lived alone for two years on the shores of Walden. He put the principles of transcendentalism and his philosophical beliefs into practice. He advocates the beauty of nature, criticizes the negative influence of capitalist civilization, and calls on people to seek the meaning of life and a rich spiritual world in nature. He advocates individualism, self-reliance, and material thrift. He advocated peace fighting against war and slavery. He later gradually deviated from transcendentalism and became a social activist. His lifelong pursuit of a noble ethical realm has added a spiritual dimension to the respect of material American life.Walden <<沃尔登>>书中讴歌了人类与自然的和谐生活，倡导个人主义、自力更生、物质节俭。

他试图将身体的物质需求减少到最低限度，以便在读书、思考、观察自然与自我中获得最大的精神财富和自由他努力发掘美国自然环境在人类教养、心灵塑造等方面的潜能，强调所有人都应该有充分的自由来选择独一无二的生活方式，将自己的生活看做诗、当做艺术The book sings a harmonious life between mankind and nature, advocating individualism, self-reliance, and material prosperity. He tried to minimize the physical needs of the body in order to obtain maximum spiritual wealth and freedom in reading, thinking, and observing nature and self. He endeavored to explore the potential of the United States natural environment in human cultivation and spiritual shaping. He stressed that all people should have full freedom to choose a unique way of life and treat their lives as poetry and art.4. 埃德加.爱伦.坡（Edgar Allan Poe）1809-1849 The Cask of Amontillado <<阿芒提拉多的酒桶>>埃德加.爱伦.坡是浪漫主义时期的作家，黑色浪漫主义dark romanticism他反对民主，赞成蓄奴制。

他的诗歌如乌鸦 The Raven等充满古怪，奇特，甚至病态的形象，poem should be short, concise and readable at one sitting. He stressed the form of poem, especially the beautiful and neat rhyme. He emphasizes the integrity of poem (完整性). 他的小说充满哥特式的元素Gothic elements，deep analysis of human psychology. 以异国他乡为背景，以混乱、死亡、怪诞和变态心理为主要内容他是美国第一位主张advocate为艺术而艺术的作家art for art’s sake，还因写了大量推理小说而被推崇为西方侦探小说的鼻祖 precursor of det。