这种语法手段就称为省略不产生歧意.ppt

省略现象初探省略现象初探概念概念 为了避免重复，在句子中有时就省去为了避免重复，在句子中有时就省去了一个或几个句子成分这种语法手段就了一个或几个句子成分这种语法手段就称为省略，不产生歧意称为省略，不产生歧意I. 简单句中的省略简单句中的省略1.在口语中在口语中 -- How is your mother today? -- (She is ) Much better. (Is there) Anything wrong? •—What do you think made Mary so upset?•—________ her bicycle.•A. As she lost B. Lost•C. Losing D. Because of losing•Losing her bicycle made Mary so upset•2. 在祈使句中在祈使句中• (You) Open the door, please.(You’d) Better take an unbrella.•3. 在感叹句中在感叹句中•What a (good) boy (he is)!•What a fine day (it is)!4固定短语中介词的省略固定短语中介词的省略have trouble (in) doingbe busy (in) doing sth.prevent/ stop… (from) doing…spend time (in) doing 注意：后两个结构中，在被动语态注意：后两个结构中，在被动语态中，中， from、、 in不能省略不能省略He was prevented from going out alone.•5.动词不定式的省略动词不定式的省略•1)She asked me to dance with her, but I didn’t want to (dance with her).•--Will you go with me? • --Well, I’d like to (go with you).•总结：总结：1. 为避免重复为避免重复,常省略上文已提到的常省略上文已提到的动词原形动词原形,只保留不定式符号只保留不定式符号to:这类动词有这类动词有:expect, forget, hope, intend, mean, prefer, refuse, try, want, wish, would like, like和和love等等. 2））I really didn’t want to go there with him, but I had to (go there with him).总结：总结：在某些情态动词短语或在某些情态动词短语或助动词短语助动词短语 have to, need, ought to, be going to, used to等后省略动词等后省略动词.•3））— Will you join in our discussion? • — I’ll be glad to •(join in your discussion).在某些形容词在某些形容词delighted, glad, happy, pleased等后省略等后省略to后面的动词后面的动词.•—Aren’t you the manager？•—No,and I________.•A.don’t want to •B.don’t want to be•C.don’t want be •D.don’t want•若不定式中带有若不定式中带有be, have，， have been等等, 通常保留通常保留be, have，， have been.•— Are you a teacher? • — No, but I used to be •(a teacher).• John didn’t come, but he ought to have (come). II. 并列句中的省略并列句中的省略•She was poor but (she was) honest.•When summer comes, the day is getting longer and longer, and the night (is getting) shorter and shorter.•在由在由and,but,or 连接的两个并列句连接的两个并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。

中相同的部分 III. 复合句中的省略复合句中的省略•（一）状语从句的省略（一）状语从句的省略•1.When (you are) crossing the road, you'd better look at both sides.• The little girl began to cry when •(she was) asked by the police.Unless (I am) invited，， I will not go.1.如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，并如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，并且从句的谓语部分有且从句的谓语部分有be动词，则可以将从动词，则可以将从语中的语中的主语及主语及be动词一起省略动词一起省略•2.Please try to finish your homework by yourself if (it is) possible.• We’ll have the old house pulled down when (it is) necessary.•2.当状语从句的主语与谓语是当状语从句的主语与谓语是it is、、it was时，常被省略。

时，常被省略这种结构通常为：这种结构通常为：if （（it is ））possible, when （（it is ））necessary等等• （二）定语从句的省略•1.The first aid (that) he learned at school saved Ms Slade’s life.•He is the man (that/who/whom) you can depend on.•1.定语从句的关系代词定语从句的关系代词that /which /who在从句中作宾语时可省略在从句中作宾语时可省略•2.The way (that/in which) she did things really impressed us.•Is this the way (that/in which) he always looks at problems?•2.当先行词为表方式的当先行词为表方式的the way 时，从时，从句用句用that/in which引导，引导， that/in which也常被省略也常被省略• （（三）宾语从句中的省略三）宾语从句中的省略• •1.We all know (that) light travels faster than sound.•I hope (that) you’ll be fine soon.•1.引导宾语从句的连词引导宾语从句的连词that常被省常被省略略•2.•a. —Do you believe our team will win?• —I guess so•—I guess not (your team will not win).•b.—Do you think it will rain? • —I hope so (it will rain).• —I hope not (that it will not rain).(your team will win).•2.so 与与 not 的替代性用法的替代性用法•在在I’m afraid, I believe, I hope, I guess, I expect, I suppose, 等开头的作答句中等开头的作答句中,其后其后的宾语从句可以省略的宾语从句可以省略, 用用so 或或 not 替代替代•若从句为肯定句，就用若从句为肯定句，就用so代替。

代替•但绝不能用但绝不能用it或或that •若从句为否定句，有两种表达若从句为否定句，有两种表达•一一用用not 代替代替 如如 I hope not. •二：用二：用“主语主语+助动词的否定形式助动词的否定形式+think so.” 如：如：I don’t think so•1.(★★★★)—Tom fell down from the ladder.I think his right leg is broken.•—Oh,I________.•A.hope not to B.hope not•C.hope not so D.don’t hope so •温馨提示•hope和guess肯定用so, 但是从句为否定时，只能用于 “主语+hope/ guess+ not”结构.。