宾语补足语及主谓一致.doc

宾语补足语及主谓一致Ⅰ. 宾语补足语宾语补足语是对宾语作进一步的补充说明某些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成符合宾语复合宾语的第一部分通常由名词或代词充当，第二部分表示第一部分的特征，称为宾语补足语宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词及动词的不定式来充当：1. 名词：eg. They named their daughter Jenny他们给女儿取名叫珍妮 They thought this good advice. 他们认为这是好的建议注意】(1) 常用名词充当宾补的动词有：call, name, elect, choose, make, think, find, consider, keep等(2) 充当宾补的名词若表示正式的或独一无二的头衔、职位时，前面一般不用冠词 eg. They elected John chairman of the committee. 他们选举约翰为委员会主席2. 形容词：eg. You should keep your room clean and tidy.你应该保持房间干净整洁。

We’d better leave the door open. 我们最好把门敞开3. 副词和介词短语：eg. Why didn’t you invite them in? 为什么不邀请他们进来？ The teacher came in, with a book in his hand.4. 现在分词：eg. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting so long. I could feel the cold wind blowing on my face.我可以感觉到凉风吹在我脸上5. 过去分词：eg. Last year they had their house rebuilt. 去年他们重建了房子 When you speak English, be sure to make yourself understood. 讲英语时要确保使自己能被理解6. 动词不定式：eg. Would you like me to come along with you? 你想要我和你一起去吗？ He believed the Earth to be a globe. 他相信地球是球形的。

总结归纳】一、使役动词后宾语补足语的用法最常见的使役动词有：make, have, leave. 他们都表示“使得”， 后面都可接宾语+宾语补足语的结构，但用法有所不同1. make 用作使役动词表示“使；使成为”时，可跟复合结构，即“ make +宾语+宾语补足语”，其中的宾语补足语可以是形容词，名词，不带to 的不定式，过去分词eg. The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out.We made him captain of our football team.What makes the grass grow?He couldn’t make himself heard above the noise of the traffic.【注意】当不定式作make的宾语补足语时，变为被动语态时一定要加to.eg. The boy was made to work (work) twelve hours a day.My parents have always made me _____ about myself, even when I was twelve. A. feeling well B. feeling good C. feel well D. feel good2. have 表示“使得……”， 其后接宾语补足语，常用以下结构： 1) have sb. do sth. 使/让某人做某事 2) have sb. doing sth. 使/让某人一直做某事 3) have sth. done 使、让某事被做；遭遇某种不幸eg. The teacher had her recite (recite) the text again.He had the girl standing (stand) in the classroom the whole morning.He had his house painted (paint) this morning.Be careful, or you’ll have your hands hurt.(hurt)Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _____ in a short period. A. improved B. improving C. to improve D. improve3. leave 作使役动词，表示“使、让……保持某种状态”。

1) 用形容词作宾语补足语He left the door open when he went out. 2) 用名词、介词短语作宾语补足语His parents both died last year, leaving him an orphan. 3) 用现在分词作宾语补足语They walked off and left me sitting there alone. 4) 用过去分词作宾语补足语 Did you leave the doors and windows properly locked?二、感官动词后宾语补足语的用法 表示感觉和心理状态的动词，如hear, feel , listen to, look at, watch, notice, observe, smell, see 等词后要求用省略to的动词不定式、现在分词及过去分词作宾语补足语以see为例，常见的结构有： (1.) see sb. do sth. 看见某人做了某事 (2.) see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事 (3.) see sth. done 看见某事被做eg. Tom saw his parents get into the car and drive off. He was seen to drive (drive) the car at high speed on the highway yesterday. I saw her crying (cry) when I came into the classroom.三、with(without) + 宾语+宾语补足语的结构1. with +宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语eg. He used to sleep with the window open . They left the room with lights still on. He stepped in, with his hands in his pockets. The woman, without a necklace around her neck, was a friend of Mary’s.2. with +宾语+doing/ done/ to doeg. The old man walked across the street with the policeman supporting (support) him. With the matter settled (settle), we went home. With Tom to help (help) me, I believe I can finish the work in time.II. 主谓一致主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词在人称和数等方面要保持一致。

主谓一致一般要遵循三个原则，即“语法一致原则，就近一致原则及逻辑意义一致原则”一、语法一致原则1. 由and连接的两个名词作主语，表示不同的人或事，谓语动词用复数; and 连接的两个名词指同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数两个单数名词用and并列，表示一个概念或是不可分割的整体作主语时，谓语动词用单数 常见的此类短语有war and peace, iron and steel, a needle and thread, bread and butter, a horse and cart等eg. What he said and what he did have greatly encouraged the other students.The famous writer and poet gives a talk twice a day.Egg and rice is her usual breakfast.ex. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where _____ yet. A. hasn’t been decided B. haven’t decided C. isn’t being decided D. aren’t decided3. 由no…and no…, each…and each…, every…and every…等构成复合主语时，谓语动词用单数。

eg. Every boy and every girl has the right to get education.4. 主语后面带有as well as, rather than , like, but, except, besides, with, together with, along with, including, in addition to , as much as, more than 等词连接的名词，根据语法一致的原则，谓语动词根据这些词前的主语来确定动词的形式eg.The professor together with a number of students was doing experiments in chemistry in the lab at that time.5. 【注意】“more than one/many a+单数名词”结构作主语时意义上是复数，但是其结构后的谓语动词要用单数eg. More than one student has passed the exam. 不止一个学生通过了考试 Many a student is watching the football game. 许多学生在看足球比赛。

二、就近一致原则1. 由连词or, either…or…, neither…nor…, whether…or…, not only…but also…, not…but…等连接主语时，谓语动词与最靠近的主语保持一致eg. Was (be) he or you in the next room just 。