
疑问代词和关系代词.doc
13页疑问代词和关系代词1. 疑问代词的用法(1) who[1] who的意思是 “谁”,是主格, 通常作主语如:Who is that woman? 那个妇女是谁?Who are those people? 那些人是谁?[2] who 在口语中可代替 whom作宾语如:Who did you ask about it? 关于那件事你问过谁了?(2) whomwhom的意思是 “谁”,是宾格, 在句中作宾语,常用于书面语中如:whom do you want to see?Whom do you talk about?你想见谁?你们在谈论谁?(whom作介词 about 的宾语)(3) whose[1] whose的意思是“谁的”,属格,具有名词和形容词的性质如:Whose book is this? 这是谁的书?(形容词性)Whoseis this book? 这书是谁的?(名词性)[2] whose 可在句中作如下成分如: Whose is better? 谁的更好?作表语如: Whoseare these pencils? 这些铅笔是谁的?作宾语如: Whoseare you going to borrow?你打算借谁的?作定语。
如: Whose umbrella is this? 这是谁的伞 ?(4) what[1] what 的意思是“什么”,具有名词和形容词的性质如:What are you doing? 你在做什么?(名词性)What sport do you like best? 你最喜欢的运动是什么?(形容词性)[2] what 可在句中作如下成分如: what's happening? 发生了什么事?作表语如: What is your mother? 你母亲是干什么工作的?作宾语如: What do you mean? 你是什么意思?What did you talk to him about? 你和他说了什么?(介词宾语)作定语如: What color do you like? 你喜欢什么颜色?(5) whichwhich 的意思是“哪个”,which 在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语等成分如: This is my bag. Which is yours?这是我的书包,哪个是你的?作表语如:Which is your favorite subject?你最喜欢哪个科目?I can't tell which is which because they areso alike.我分辨不出谁是谁,因为他们太像了。
作宾语如: Which do you like best? 你最喜欢哪一个?作定语如: Which glasses do you want? 你想要哪些杯子?Which platform does the London train leave?去伦敦的火车从哪个站台开出?(6) who, what 和 which 后可加 ever 来加强语气Whatever are you thinking about? 你到底在想些什么?Whoever are you looking for? 你到底在找谁?Whichever do you prefer? 你究竟要哪个?2. 关系代词 who,whom,whose,that ,which的用法(1) 关系代词 who,whom,whose,that ,which的用法英语中的关系代词有 who,whom,whose,that ,which ,它们是用来引导定语从句的 关系代词既代表定语从句所修饰的词,又在其所引导的从句中承担一个成分, 如主语、宾语、表语或定语如:This is the man who saved your son.这就是救了你儿子的那个人。
who在从句中作主语,先行词是 man)The man whom I met yesterday is Jim .我昨天见到的那个人是吉姆 (whom在从句中作宾语,它的先行词是 man)A child whose parents are dead is an orphan. 失去父母的孩子是孤儿whose在从句中作定语,它的先行词是 child )He wants a room whose window looks out overthe sea.他想要个窗户面临大海的房间 (whose在从句中作定语,它的先行词是 room)[1] who ,whom和 whosewho和 whom代表人,在从句中作主语时用who,作宾语时用 whom,可省略但若 whom作介词宾语且介词放在其前时,不能省略;如介词位于句末时,可以省略 whose代表某人的,在从句中作定语如:The man who insists perfect clearness beforeupon seeing he decides,with neverdecides.坚持看清楚一切后才做决定的人永远也做不了决定。
who作主语)He is a man whom everybody respects.他是一个人人都尊敬的人 (whom作宾语,可以省略)He is a man fromwhom we all should learn.他是我们大家都应该学习的人 (whom作介词宾语且介词位于其前,不能省略)(此句也可以是: He is a man(whom) we shouldall learn from. )The people whose houses were damaged willbe compensated.房子被损坏了的人将给予补偿Who, whom和 whose 可用于非限制性定语从句中,代表某人或某人的, 此时不能用 that 如:My sister, who is a nurse, came home for afew days.我姐姐回家住了几天,她是个护士[2] whichwhich 代表物,在从句中可作主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略,但作介词宾语且介词位于其前时不能省略如:The book which helps you most are thosewhich make you think most.最能使你获益的书是那些最能让你深思的书。
作主语)This is a factor which we must not neglect.这是一个我们绝不能忽略的因素 (作宾语,可省略)Where is the book from which you quoted thissentence?你引用这句话的那本书在哪儿?(作介词宾语且介词位于其前时,不能省略)which 可用于非限制性定语从句中,代表物如:The book, which I bought second-hand, ismade of oak.我买的这张书桌是用橡木做的,它是二手货[3] thatthat 可以代表事也可代表人, 在从句中可以作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略,但不能用于非限制性定语从句中 代表人时 who比 that用的多些,代表物时 that 比 which 用的多些如:The letter that came this morning is frommy mother.今天早晨收到的那封信是我母亲寄来的 (that代表物,在从句中作主语)Those students that failed the exam willhave to take it again.考试不及格的学生必须补考。
(that 代表人,在从句中作主语)Have you forgotten about the money (that)I lent you last week?你忘了上星期我借给你钱的事了吗? (that 代表物,在从句中作宾语,可省略)All the people (that) I invited have agreedto come.所有我邀请了的人都同意来 (that 代表人,在从句中作宾语,可省略)The hotel (that) we stayed at was both cheapand comfortable.我们住的那家旅馆既便宜又舒服 (that 代表物,在从句中作介词宾语,可省略)(2) 补充说明下列情况下,定语从句的关系代词只能用that ,不能用 which 或 who[1] 当先行词中有形容词的最高级时如:Shakespeare is the greatest poet that English has ever had.莎士比亚是英国所拥有的最伟大的诗人Is this the best that you can do? 你最多只能做到这样吗?[2] 当 先 行 词 为 代 词 all, anything,everything, little, much, nobody, nothing时。
如:Anyone that wants to succe。
