大地坐标系及转换(切图得到).doc

Reference EllipsoidsandGeodetic Datum Transformation Parameters (Local to WGS-84)FromNIMA 8350.2 4 July 1977andMADTRAN 1 October 1996· Reference EllipsoidsEllipsoidSemi-major axis1/flatteningAiry 1830,6377563.396299.3249646Modified Airy6377340.189299.3249646Australian National6378160298.25Bessel 1841 (Namibia)6377483.865299.1528128Bessel 18416377397.155299.1528128Clarke 1866,6378206.4294.9786982Clarke 1880,6378249.145293.465Everest (India 1830)"6377276.345300.8017Everest (Sabah Sarawak)6377298.556300.8017Everest (India 1956)6377301.243300.8017Everest (Malaysia 1969)6377295.664300.8017Everest (Malay. & Sing)6377304.063300.8017Everest (Pakistan)6377309.613300.8017Modified Fischer 19606378155298.3Helmert 19066378200298.3Hough 19606378270297Indonesian 19746378160298.247International 19246378388297Krassovsky 19406378245298.3GRS 806378137298.257222101South American 19696378160298.25WGS 726378135298.26WGS 846378137298.257223563Geodetic Datum Transformation Parameters (Local to WGS-84) d = delta in meters; e = error estimate in meters; #S = number of satellite measurement stationsDatumEllipsoiddXdYdZRegion of useeXeYeZ#SAdindanClarke 1880-118-14218Burkina Faso2525251AdindanClarke 1880-134-2210Cameroon2525251AdindanClarke 1880-165-11206Ethiopia3338AdindanClarke 1880-123-20220Mali2525251AdindanClarke 1880-166-15204MEAN FOR Ethiopia; Sudan55322AdindanClarke 1880-128-18224Senegal2525252AdindanClarke 1880-161-14205Sudan35314AfgooyeKrassovsky 1940-43-16345Somalia2525251Ain el Abd 1970International 1924-150-250-1Bahrain2525252Ain el Abd 1970International 1924-143-2367Saudi Arabia1010109American Samoa 1962Clarke 1866-115118426American Samoa Islands2525252Anna 1 Astro 1965Australian National-491-22435Cocos Islands2525251Antigua Island Astro 1943Clarke 1880-2701362Antigua (Leeward Islands)2525251Arc 1950Clarke 1880-138-105-289Botswana3539Arc 1950Clarke 1880-153-5-292Burundi2020203Arc 1950Clarke 1880-125-108-295Lesotho3385Arc 1950Clarke 1880-161-73-317Malawi92486Arc 1950Clarke 1880-143-90-294MEAN FOR Botswana; Lesotho; Malawi; Swaziland; Zaire; Zambia; Zimbabwe20332041Arc 1950Clarke 1880-134-105-295Swaziland1515154Arc 1950Clarke 1880-169-19-278Zaire2525252Arc 1950Clarke 1880-147-74-283Zambia2121275Arc 1950Clarke 1880-142-96-293Zimbabwe581110Arc 1960Clarke 1880-160-6-302MEAN FOR Kenya; Tanzania20202025Arc 1960Clarke 1880-157-2-299Kenya43324Arc 1960Clarke 1880-175-23-303Taanzania691012Ascension Island 1958International 1924-20510753Ascension Island2525252Astro Beacon E 1945International 192414575-272Iwo Jima2525251Astro DOS 71/4International 1924-320550-494St Helena Island2525251Astro Tern Island (FRIG) 1961International 1924114-116-333Tern Island2525251Astronomical Station 1952International 1924124-234-25Marcus Island2525251Australian Geodetic 1966Australian National-133-48148Australia; Tasmania333105Australian Geodetic 1984Australian National-134-48149Australia; Tasmania22290Ayabelle LighthouseClarke 1880-79-129145Djibouti2525251Bellevue (IGN)International 1924-127-769472Efate & Erromango Islands2020203Bermuda 1957Clarke 1866-73213296Bermuda2020203BissauInternational 1924-17325327Guinea-Bissau2525252Bogota ObservatoryInternational 1924307304-318Colombia6567Bukit RimpahBessel 1841-384664-48Indonesia (Bangka & Belitung Ids)-1-1-10Camp Area AstroInternational 1924-104-129239Antarctica (McMurdo Camp Area)-1-1-10Campo InchauspeInternational 1924-14813690Argentina55520Canton Astro 1966International 1924298-304-375Phoenix Islands1515154CapeClarke 1880-136-108-292South Africa3665Cape CanaveralClarke 1866-2151181Bahamas; Florida33319CarthageClarke 1880-2636431Tunisia6985Chatham Island Astro 1971International 1924175-38113New Zealand (Chatham Island)1515154Chua AstroIn。