初中英语《单项选择题》解题技巧.doc

《单项选择题》解题技巧 单项选择题是考查学生对句子的层次，对语法规则、词汇等掌握的情况，通过设定语境，词语或某些成分的位置变化等将考查知识与能力结合起来，突出语言的交际性、灵活性，实现知识与能力相结合的目标有些题看起来似乎很难，很复杂，但只要学会掌握正确的分析问题的方法，那么，一切难题都是可以解答的 要做好单项选择题，首先必须熟练掌握句型、固定搭配、习惯用法、语法等方面的基础知识还应该了解一些解题技巧，提高解题的综合能力下面从单项选择题的特点和解题技巧两大方面来分析：一、单项选择题的特点 　　单项选择题（multiple choice）是各种语言测试中最为流行的一种命题形式，中考英语试题也不例外它是由题干（stem）、正确答案（key）、干扰项（distracters）组成单项选择题是中考英语试题的必考题型，它融会了词法、句法、习惯用法、交际用语、常识于一体涉及知识面广泛，考查内容多样全面 　　近几年来中考英语单项选择题的命题内容出现一些新的趋势和热点 （一）关注当时社会时事热点、体现了时代特色，增添了鲜明的时代气息。

( ) 1.Internet bars mustn't let people under 18 in or let anybody _____bad thing. (2004 上海) 　　A. watch B. to watch C. watching D. watches ( )2. ______ chickens were killed because of bird flu (禽流感). (2004 昆明) A. A large number of B. The number of C. Much D. Thousand of （二）适应《英语新课程标准》理念，体现学科之间的渗透和综合意识 ( ) 1. China lies _____ the east of Asia and ______ the north of Australia. (天津市) 　　A. to, to B. in, to C. to, in D. in, on ( )2. Paper is mostly made of __________. (2004 济南) A. metal B. glass C. wood D. silk （三）图表试题的出现有利于培养学生观察理解能力。

e.g. From the chart we know the average temperature (平均气温) of _____ is the same as that of _________. (2004 哈尔滨) A. July, August B. June, July C. February, March D. June, September 二、单项选择题的解题方法和技巧 （一）直接选择法：适合于考查固定搭配或习惯用法的题目 在平时的学习中要求学生注意积累一些常见的固定句式、动词与副词的搭配、名词与形容词的搭配等等，对做题十分有利 ( )1. We are now short _____ fresh water. Something must be done to stop people ____ polluting it. (2004 南通) 　　A. for, to B. for, from C. of, to D. of. From 解析：根据be short of和stop... from doing something这两个固定结构，就可以选出正确答案D. ( )2. The children enjoyed ______ very much last night. (2004 镇江) 　　A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs 解析：由enjoy oneself 这一用法可知，正确答案选C。

( )3. Mrs. Gao asked these boys _______ so much noise. (2004 无锡) A. do not make B. not to make C. not making D. not to make 解析：由ask sb. not to do sth. 这一 固定形式可知，正确答案选D （二）排除法当我们是遇到十分熟悉的所谓固定搭配时，要从句子结构上或者句子意义上仔细分析，然后看清楚几个选项的细微差别，以免步入命题人设计的陷阱对于"貌合神离"的4个选项，如不能快速选择答案，就采取"各个击破，逐一排除"原则，缩小选择范围 ( )1. Could you tell me _____ the bike without any help this morning? (南京) A. how does he mend B. how he mends C. how he mended D. how did he mend 解析：根据"宾语从句用陈述语序"先将A，D排除，再根据句中时间状语this morning 判断，应使用一般过去时态排除B，正确答案为C。

( )2. The Spring Festival is the most important holiday for Chinese people. It is like _____ in the west. (2004 常州) A. May Day B. Thanksgiving Day C. Father's Day D. Christmas Day 解析： 这4个选项从语法上都可以选择，但根据常识( Christmas is as important as the Spring Festival), 应当排除A，B，C，正确答案是D （三）分析比较法 适用于语法、句法较为复杂的题目，从时态、语态、语义、非谓语形式及同义词组等角度进行综合分析比较 ( )1. The boy _____ in the teacher's office was found ____ yesterday. A. standing, smoke B. standing, smoking C. stood, smoke D. stood, smoking 解析： 根据句意（站在教师办公室里的那个男孩昨天发现在抽烟）standing in the teacher's office 是现在分词短语，在句中做定语用来修饰前面的the boy，有主动关系。

The boy 与find 之间有被动关系，根据词组find sb. do / doing sth.的区别，通过分析比较，正确答案为B ( )2. The students are sorry to hear that the famous singer ____ for half an hour. (2004 陕西) A. has left B. has gone C. has been away D. went 解析：因 "for half an hour"是表示延续的状语，谓语时态要用现在完成时，选D 不正确"has left" 和"has gone"虽然是现在完成时，但leave, go 是短暂性动词，后面不能跟表示一段时间的状语，正确答案是C （四）关键词法 　　有些题目中的某个词对于快捷、准确选择起非常关键的作用，善于抓住关键词（key word）才能找到做题突破口 ( )1. Jane's mother was ill yesterday, so she had to look ________ her. (2004 南通) A. at B. for C. after D. out of 解析：该题中ill 是关键词，问题迎刃而解，正确答案是C。

( )2. -What's wrong with my son's _______? - He can't see things clearly. (北京市) A. eyes B. ears C. mouth D. nose 　　解析：依据题中关键词see, 就可以直接选出正确答案A （五）前后呼应法 此法适用于情景对话题中，对于对话所展示的情景，认真理解，联系上下文，前后呼应，选出符合英语习惯的答案，同时避免受汉语思维的影响和干扰 ( )1. - I'm taking my computer test tomorrow. - ________. (2004 扬州) A. Come on B. Congratulations. C. Well done D. good luck. 解析：根据上文"明天进行计算机测试" A. 加油 B.祝贺你 C.干得不错 D.祝你好运 显然正确答案是D ( )2. -By the way, have you got ____ e- mail address? - Oh, yes. His is Hongsion @ . A. Jim's B. an C. a D. / 解析：根据下文his 这个物主代词，不难发现正确答案是A。

六）利用对称法就是在做题过程中要善于利用and, but等并列连词若前面是个句子，后面也必定是个句子，反之亦然；若连接的是几个动词，这几个动词也必定是同一时态或同一形式例如：——English has large vocabulary, hasn't it?——Yes.____ more words and you will find it easier to read and communicate. A. know    B. knowing C. to know   D. known（七）适当转换句式法 有时将题干的句式转换成自己更熟悉的句式，就很容易选出正确答案比如将疑问句、强调句、感叹句或倒装句改为陈述句，将被动句改为主动句，无序句调整为正常句例如：—Mr. Wang, whom would you rather____ the important meeting? A. have attend    B. have attended C. having attend D. have to attend （八）补全省略成分法口语中常常会使用一些省略句，做题时若将被省略的成分补充完整，答案就会一目了然。

例如：——What do you think made Mary so upset?——____her new bike. A. as she lost    。