句子成分（新）.doc

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物The sun rises in the east. （名词） He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征We study English. They played basketball. They have gone to Shanghai.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

He is a teacher. （名词） Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词） His father is in. （副词） The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring”. （不定式）The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉） ...It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired.宾语：1）动作的承受者----动宾I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词）How many do you need? We need two. （数词） I enjoy working with you. （动名词）I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.3） 双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。

We elected him monitor. （名词） We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名）We will make them happy. （形容词） We found nobody in. ( 副词 )Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词） I’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词） 主补：对主语的补充He was elected monitor. He lay in the bed, awake.She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。

Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is our friend. （代词）We belong to the third world. （数词） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词）The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词） I have an idea to do it well. （不定式） You should do everything that I do. （定语从句）状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步 （以下例句按上述顺序排列）I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room.The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much. If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike. Though he is young, he can do it well. 句子结构简单句的五个基本句型①主语 ＋ 不及物动词 She came．/ The baby smiled. ②主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋宾语 She likes English.③主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋表语 She is happy．④主语 ＋ 双宾动词 ＋间接宾语 ＋直接宾语 She gave John a book． She bought a book for me.⑤主语 ＋及物动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补语 She makes her mother angry． The teacher asked me to read the passage.⑥There be 句型是由“there +be +主语”构成，用以表达存在关系。

它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词be之后，there 仅为引导词，无实际语意全句意为“某地有某物、某人”be有时态和情态变化将来有 there will be …/ there is/ are going to be 现在已有 there has/ have been可能有 there may/might be 肯定有 there must be过去曾经有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems to be碰巧有 there happens to be Exercise:划分下列句子成分1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you 3. All of us considered him honest. 4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5. He broke a piece of glass. 6. He made it clear that he would leave the city． 、7. Trees turn green when spring comes.8. They pushed the door open. 9. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 10. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 11. We need a place twice larger than this one. 12. He asked us to sing an English song. 13.We will make our school more beautiful.14. She showed us her many of her pictures. 15. The old man lives a lonely life. 翻译主谓结构 （ 主语 ＋ 不及物动词 ）1．你应当努力学习。

2.她昨天回家很晚 3 会议将持续两个小时 4 在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化 5 五年前我住在北京主谓宾结构 （主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 ）1昨晚我写了一封信 2今天下午我想同你谈谈 3这本书他读过多次了 4他们成功地完成了计划 5你们必须在两周内看完这些书 主系表结构 （主语 ＋系动词＋表语 ）1我的兄弟都是大学生 2冬季白天短，夜晚长 3.十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了 4.这本书是有关美国历史的书 5.这个报告听起来很有意思 双宾语结构 （主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 ）1 Johnson 先生去年教我们德语 2. 奶奶。