高中英语定语从句讲解及练习.doc

方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词 /关高中英语定语从句讲解及练习定语从句是高中重点知识，也是高考常考点，大家也不容易掌握，这篇文章主要教你关系代词引导的 定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句 判断关系代词与关系副词 限制性和非限制性定语从句等内容，有例题讲解定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词定语从句通常出 现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出关系代词有： who, whom, whose, that, which 等关系畐U词有： when, where, why 等18.1关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分关系代词 在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致1) who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语 例如：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗？( who/that在从句中作主语)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。

(whom/that在从句中作宾语)2) whose用来指人或物，(只用作定语 ，若指物，它还可以同 of which互换)例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broke n dow n. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙Please pass me the book whose (of which ) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书3) which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等 例如：A prosperity which / that had n ever bee n see n before appears in the coun tryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣 (which / that在句中作宾语)The package (which / that ) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了 (which / that 在句中作宾语)18.2关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

1) 关系副词 when, where, why的含义相当于\"介词+ which'"结构，因此常常和\"介词+ which'"结构交替使 用例如：There are occasions when (on which ) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候Beijing is the place where (in which ) I was born. 北京是我的出生地Is this the reason why (for which ) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？2) that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、 地点、方式、理由的名词后取代 when, where, why和\"介+which\"引导的定语从句，在口语中 that常被省略例如：His father died the year (that / when / in which ) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which ) he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

18.3判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词 例如：This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村I'll never forget the days whe n I worked together with you. 我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子判断改错：(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.(错) I will n ever forget the days whe n I spe nt in the coun tryside.(对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.(对) ni n ever forget the days (which) I spe nt in the coun tryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。

此两题错在关系词的误用上例 1. Is this museum you visited a few days age?A. where B. that C. on which D. the one例 2. Is this the museum the exhibition was held.A. where B. that C. on which D. the one例 1 变为肯定句： This museum is you visited a few days ago. 例 2 变为肯定句： This is the museum the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而 where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有 the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选 D而句2中，主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词 where，又因in the museum词组，可用介词in + which弓I导地点状语而此题中，介词 on用的不对，所以选 A关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分， 先行词在从句中做主、 定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom,that, which, whose ）;先行词在从句中做状语时， 应选择关系副词（where地点状语，when时间状语，why原 因状语）。

18.4限制性和非限制性定语从句1） 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不 明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号 分开例如：This is the house which we bought last mon th.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子限制性）The house, which we bought last mon th, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的非限制性）2） 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的 例如： Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理.史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garde n.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园This no vel, which I have read three times, is very touch ing. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。

3） 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词 ，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思， 这使我心烦Liquid water cha nges to vapor, which is called evaporati on. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发 说明：关系代词that和关系副词 why不能引导非限制性定语从句18.5介词+关系词1） 介词后面的关系词不能省略2） that前不能有介词3） 某些在从句中充当时间， 地点或原因状语的 \"介词 +关系词 \"结构可以同关系副词 when 禾口 where 互换 例女口 This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joi ned our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？Do you remember the day whe n you joined our club?18.6 as, which非限定性定语从句由as, which引导的非限定性定语从句， as和which可代整个主句，相当于 and this或and that。

As一般放在句首， which在句中例如：As we know, smok ing is harmful to one\'s health. 如我们所知，吸烟有害健康The sun heats the earth, which is very imp ort ant to us. 太阳使地球暖起来； 这对我们人类很重要 典型例题1） Alice received an invitation from her boss, came as a surprise.A. it B. that C. which D. he答案C.此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用 which., it和he都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接况且选 he句意不通2) The weather turned out to be very good, was more than we could expect.A. what B. which C. that D. it答案Bwhich可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而 what不可That不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。

3) It rained hard yesterday, prevented me from going to the park..A. that B. which C. as D. it答案B. as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定 语从句中都可以作主语和宾语但不同之处主要有两点：(1) as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而 which 不可2) as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句 中的关系代词只能用 which.在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为 B。