化工专业英语全解课件.ppt

崔洪涛化学生物理工学院化工英语阅读Unit 1 Chemical industryStand germany in good stead:使德国得到很大的好处The lions share:最大的份额Intermediate:中间体The difficulty comes in deciding at which point in this sequence the particular operationceases to be part of the chemical industrys sphere of activities.在这个生产过程中，区分哪些属于化学工业活动是困难的blocker: 阻断药Crease-resistant：抗皱的Non-iron免熨烫的Weathering：侵蚀All weather：全天候Pitch；沥青Commitment:投入崔洪涛化学生物理工学院化工英语阅读Unit 2 Research and developmentWe can pick out a number of areas of R&D activity in the following paragraphs but ifwe were to start with those which were to spring to the mind of the academic, ratherthan the industrial, chemist then these would be basic, fundamental (background) orexploratory research and the synthesis of new compounds.Academic: 学术的Synthesis：合成在随后的段落中，我们可以挑选出很多研究开发行为的领域。

如果这些是学术性化学家而不是工业化学家所从事的研究开发行为，那么这些行为将是基础、开创性的研究和新化合物的合成Exploratory：开创性的Blue sky:高高在上的，基本的崔洪涛化学生物理工学院化工英语阅读Unit 3 Typical activities of chemical engineersConstant temperature bath: 恒温水浴Reactant：反应物Distillation column:蒸馏塔Scale up：放大Chemistry：化学原理Civil：土木Metallurgical：冶金Piping：管道Utility:公用物质Pilot plant:中试厂Flow sheet：流程图Corrosion allowance：腐蚀裕度Logistic：后勤保障Startup:开车Initial commissioning：交工式运转Shift work：换班工作Inventory：详细目录Spare part：备件崔洪涛化学生物理工学院化工英语阅读Unit 5 Basic ChemicalsConsolidation: 巩固、合并合并May well: 可能Swap: 交换The industry will move more to serving the rest of the chemical industry and less to serving the farming industry. 工业将趋向于服务化学工业的其余部分，而不是农业。

Another threat is the perceived environmental messiness of many large-scale processes.Perceived: 感觉到的Messiness: 凌乱不整洁困境另一个威胁是很多大规模工艺所已经面临的环境困境The industry may well see increased consolidation as 化学工业可能会日益巩固，当崔洪涛化学生物理工学院化工英语阅读The drive to increased recycling and the ideal of emission-free plants will be a major factor influencing the development of the industry in the next decade.增加回收利用的动力和无废物排放工厂的理想在下个十年里是影响工业发展的主要因素崔洪涛化学生物理工学院化工英语阅读Unit 6 Chlor-Alkali and Related ProcessesBulk chemical industry: 大化工The segment is normally taken to include.氯碱工业包括。

Ever since:从那时到现在自从The peculiar economics of electrolytic processes mean that you have to makechlorine and caustic soda together in a fixed ratio whatever the relative demand for the two totally different types of product, and this causes swings in the priceof caustic soda which can render soda-ash more or less favorable as an alkali. Swing:波动Render:呈递, 归还, 着色, 汇报, 致使致使, 放弃, 表演, 实施按照固定的比率生产氯和苛性钠而不论这两个完全不同类型的产品的相对需求，这种电解工艺的特殊经济特性会造成苛性钠的价格波动，这会偏向于用纯碱作为碱崔洪涛化学生物理工学院化工英语阅读翻译长句子的规则和经验：1.抓住长句子中的主句，一般是长句子中的第一句。

其它部分是围绕主句展开的2.搞清楚其它部分的主语是指的主句中的哪个部分，或者是修饰主句中的 哪一部分，或和主句有什么关系4.在清楚关系后，先翻译主句，然后根据主句翻译其它部分，再理顺他们之间的 关系，相互关联翻译，不要独立于其它部分之外翻译5.不要按照字面翻译，而要意译，翻译流畅而要忠于原文原意3.搞清楚从句之间的关系，是否后一从句和前一从句是从属关系，和主句又有和 关系崔洪涛化学生物理工学院化工英语阅读Readily：容易地Brine:盐水Limestone:石灰石Ready:有准备的有准备的, 准备完毕的, 甘心的, 情愿的, 现成的现成的, 迅速的迅速的Complex:复杂,合成物,络合物,联合企业联合企业Laid down (Lay down): 放下形成Laid down over geological time by various marine organisms.Over:在.期间, 在.时间内Geological time:地质时期在一段地质时期内由海洋生物形成的About 40% of the output of the lime industry goes into steel-making, where it is Used to react with the refractory silica present in iron ore to give a fluid slag whichFloats to the surface and is easily separated from the liquid metal.大约40%的石灰工业的产出投入到钢铁的制造中，它被用来和铁矿石中的高熔点的氧化硅反应形成液渣浮到液体金属的表面并被容易的分离出来。

崔洪涛化学生物理工学院化工英语阅读Remotely:遥远地, 偏僻地非常地Strength： 浓度Ammonia absorber: 氨吸收器Nominally: 微少的The process , which was perfected by ernest solvay in 1865, is based on the precipitation of NaHCO3 when an anmmoniated solution of salt is carbonated with CO2 from a coke-fired lime kiln.于1865年被ernest solvay完善的这个工艺，是基于氨化的盐溶液和焦炭煅烧的石灰窑中产生的二氧化碳所形成的碳酸反应生成碳酸氢钠沉淀Debatable: 成问题的，可争辩的Light soda-ash: 轻质纯碱崔洪涛化学生物理工学院化工英语阅读These are used by industries that need the liquid sodium, mainly in the production of tetra-alkyl lead petroleum additives, though the petroleum additive companies are diversifying and other uses may appear.Diversify:使多样化这些（指钠和氯）被需要液体钠的工业所使用，尽管石油添加剂公司正在多样化它们的产品，钠的其它用途也许会出现，但是它主要用来生产石油添加剂四烷基铅。

Memberance cells are really the only technology that is viable for new capacity inmodern plants, but a large amount of old capacity still exists and many companieshave not found it economical to replace even their mercury cells, despite the enviromental implications. 膜电池对于现代化工厂中新增的生产能力是唯一可行的技术，但是相当大量的旧生产能力仍然存在，许多公司发现甚至用膜电池来替换存在环境问题的汞电池在经济上也是不划算的Uphill:上坡的，向上的Gloriously:光荣的，辉煌的非常的崔洪涛化学生物理工学院化工英语阅读In turn: 依次，轮流继续Sort out: 挑选出，理清解决崔洪涛化学生物理工学院化工英语阅读refer to sb. sth. as:称某人物为Unit 9 PolymerConvention:习俗, 惯例Bulk polymer:本体聚合物Coil: 线圈sweep out：扫掉、清除占据Make up: 组成Aliphatic：脂肪族的Aromatic：芳香族的Elastomer: 人造橡胶Liability：责任, 义务Sparingly:节俭地, 保守地崔洪涛化学生物理工学院化工英语阅读Advanced performance: 高性能Random copolymer: 无规共聚物Alternating copolymer:交替共聚物Block copolymer: 嵌段共聚物There are many different grades of the same polymer, depending on the final application, e.g., different MW, MWD, extent of branching, crossing-linking, etc., and these variations are multiplied when copolymers (random, alternating and block) are condidered.Extent of branching: 支链长度C。