2012届中考英语 知识点梳理及操练——冠词和名词.doc

一. 冠词: 冠词用在名词的前面，有定冠词“the”与不定冠词“a；an”之分定冠词表示“确指”，译作“这(那)个”；不定冠词表示“泛指”，译作“一个”例题解析:( ) _____ lady over there is _____ university teacher. A) A, the B) The, an C) The, a D) The, the “over there”意为“那边的”，是后置定语，它表示前面名词“lady”（女士）是“确指”的说法，因此要加上定冠词“the”后半句意为“一位大学教师”，是泛指的说法，因此要加上不定冠词“a”或“an”由于“university”的读音起始于辅音“j”，因此要加定冠词“a”所以本题答案应该选“C” ) He prefers playing _____ piano to playing _____ hockey. A) the, the B) the, / C) / , / D) / , the “piano”意为“钢琴”，属于乐器，要求前面加定冠词“the”后半句中“hockey”意为“曲棍球”，属于球类活动，要求不加任何冠词。

所以本题答案应该选“B” ) Mr. Black was made _____ manager of our company. A) / B) a C) an D) the “manager”表示被选的职位，前面不应加任何冠词所以本题答案应该选“A” 此外，冠词还有许多特殊的用法： 1. 由普通名词组成的专有名词前，要加定冠词，如：the Great Wall（长城） 2. 在拼音名词前，一般不加任何冠词，如：Thomas Green；Changfeng Park 3. 在江、河、湖、海前，即使是拼音名词，也要加定冠词“the”，如：the Dongting Lake 4. 一般用“单数名词加‘a’；复数名词不加‘the’”来表示“泛指”的意思习题训练：Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用A、B、C或D表示，填入空格内):( ) 1. There is _____ “u” in _____ word “uniform.”. A) an, a B) an, the C) a, a D) a, the( ) 2. _____ sign here stands for _____ mistake. A) A, a B) A, the C) The, a D) The, the( ) 3. We made Joyce _____ monitor ____ her experience. A) a, because B) the, because C) / , because of D) the , because of( ) 4.Two months ago Mr. Green wrote ____ article on Shanghai International Art Festival. A) the B) an C) a D) / ( ) 5. Q: Is Mr. White _____ teacher of your school? A: Yes. _____ teacher is from Australia. A) a, A B) a, The C) the, The D) the, A( ) 6. Paul is _____ European student. He likes to study _____ history of China. A) a, the B) a, / C) an, the D) an, /( ) 7. This is _____ honey. As we all know, _____ honey is sweet. A) / , the B) / , / C) the, / D) the, the( ) 8. They didn't catch the last train because of _____. A) some heavy traffics B) any heavy traffic C) heavy traffic D) a heavy traffic( ) 9. It won't take long, it's only _____ walk.A) ten-minutes B) ten minutes' C) ten minutes D) ten-minute's二.名词: 名词表示人或物体的名称，有普通名词(park)、专有名词(Peter；Party)、集合名词(family, class, police)、缩写名词(SARS, CEO, WTO)……等。

总体上说，它们可以分成两大类；即可数名词和不可数名词要注意它们在句中的不同要求和变化例题解析:( ) His grandfather is _____. A) Robert Bob B) Tom Black C) Kate White D) Black Green 英语中，人的姓名排列是倒过来的；先是名，即“first name”，后为姓，即“second name”，也可叫做“family name”或“surname”做这类题目，必须先搞清楚哪个单词是表示名字，哪个单词是表示姓氏，名字还要分清男女性别这道题中说的是“爷爷”，是男名，所以本题答案应该选“B” ) _____ are playing tennis in the playground. A) The Browns B) The Brown's C) Browns D) Brown's 英语中，姓氏前加定冠词“the”，后面加“s”，有“一家人”之意所以本题答案应该选“A” ) Be careful. There is a _____ hole in the ground. A) two-foot-deep B) two-feet-deep C) two-foot deep D) two-feet deep 这道题目考的是复合形容词。

在复合形容词中的名词应该用单数形式，在整个复合形容词中的各个单词都要用短横“–”来连接由于它被看作为一个普通的形容词，因此，在可数名词前还要再加上冠词此句中，“一个两英尺深的洞”应译为“a two-foot-deep hole”，所以本题答案应该选“A” ) He’s got bad toothache. He’d better go to _____. A) dentist B) the dentist C) the dentist’s D) see the dentists “去看牙科医生”可译为“go to see the dentist”或“go to the dentist’s”后一个词语中的“the dentist’s”表示“the dentist’s clinic”所以本题答案应该选“C” ) The _____ teachers wondered if the _____ students were in trouble. A) woman, boy B) woman, boys C) women, boy D) women, boys 英语中，“女教师们”应该译为“women teachers”，而“男学生们” 应该译为“boy students”。

所以本题答案应该选“C” ) _____ came that Houston Rocket won again and Yao Ming got the most scores. A) A news B) Message C) Word D) Words “据说”在英语中有多种说法：“It was said that”、“Word came that”、“News came that”、“A message came that”……等所以本题答案应该选“C” ) All of a sudden, something on the ground caught _____. A) his eye B) his eyes C) his own eyes D) eyes of his own“catch one’s eye”是固定词组，意为“引起某人注意”；即“be noticed by sb.”此句中，“eye”是“视线”之意，由“eyesight”演变而来随着语言的发展，一些词语会产生演变，大致上都是朝“简单化”方向发展，如：“countryside”→“country”、“mankind”→“man”、 “campsite”→“camp”、“in the daytime”→“in the day”……等。

所以本题答案应该选“A” ) The lady with long _____ found her husband had already got three gray _____. A) hair, hair B) hair, hairs C) hairs, hair D) hairs, hair 要掌握英语中哪些是可数名词，哪些是不可数名词但是有些名词具有可数和不可数两种性质，要靠具体说法来判别如这道题中的“hair”（头发）就是这类词前半句说的是“一头长发”，是不可数名词；后半句说的是“三根白发”，是可数名词所以本题答案应该选“B”习题训练：Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用A、B、C或D表示，填入空格内):( ) 1. He has got _____ to tell you. A) a good news B) some news C) a lot news D) many news( ) 2. It’s seven o’clock. _____ are sitting at table. A) Mr. Greens B) The Green's C) The Greens D) Greens( ) 3. Your brother is the same ______ mine. A) old as B) age as C) old like D) age like( ) 4. Our bodies need food to give us ______. A) health B) strong C) energy D) taste( ) 5. A lemon is the same ______ as a banana. A) yellow B) colour C) fresh D) sweet( ) 6. What kind of ______ do you。