英国教育体系英课件.ppt
62页Chapter 5 The British Educational System英国教育体系英课件School TodayvPre-primary SchoolsvPrimary SchoolsvSecondary SchoolsvUniversity / College 英国教育体系英课件Pre-Primary SchoolsvPre-school education is available (often on a fee-paying basis) for children aged 2 to 4/5 through playgroups and nursery schools (many are private). vThe emphasis is on group work, creative activity and guided play. 英国教育体系英课件1.State Schools (公立学校): 11-year Compulsory Education (5-16)State Primary School → Comprehensive School (84%), Grammar School (3%) or Secondary Modern School (7%)2.Public Schools/ Independent Schools (独立学校/公学):Prep School → Public (Independent) School (7%)Two Systems of primary and secondary education in Britain:英国教育体系英课件英国教育体系英课件英国教育体系英课件Question: What are the main differences between the two?State schoolsPublic schoolsSchool FundingState funding from central government; Supplemented by local financeTuition fees; Endowments (捐赠) or donations from society (esp. alumni to their alma maters)Attendance93%7%Teaching Staff and FacilitiesPublic schools have better teaching staff & facilities.GraduatesStudents from the public schools are more promising, e.g. Eton College has educated 20 Prime Ministers, 6 Chancellors of Exchequers, etc.英国教育体系英课件Primary PhasevCompulsory education begins at 5 in England, Wales and Scotland and 4 in Northern Ireland.vPupils mainly attend state sector primary schools (co-educational or mixed schools). Infants Schools = First Schools (for 2 years from 5)Junior Schools (for 4 years to 11)vThere’s little or no specialist subject teaching and great emphasis is on literacy and numeracy in early years. vPrep Schools (预备学校) (from 7/8 to 13) (separate; fees; entrance exam )英国教育体系英课件Secondary SchoolsvState Schools (93%) 1. Comprehensive Schools (综合中学) (84%) (No entrance exam, general education) 2. Grammar Schools (文法中学) (“the 11 plus” examination 选拔优秀小学生毕业考试, preparing students for higher education)(3%) 3. Secondary Modern Schools (现代中学) (7%)vPublic Schools = Independent Schools (7%)英国教育体系英课件The National CurriculumvEnglish vDesign & Technology vGeography vMathematics vInformation Technology vMusic vScience vArt vPhysical Education vHistory vModern Foreign Language英国教育体系英课件Exams vCompulsory education ends at age 16. vAt 16, students in England and Wales take GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education中学毕业证书) examinations involving a final exam, an assessment of work done during the two-year course, or both of these things. Then they can leave school and find a job.vOther pupils who decide not to go to university may choose to take vocational training and get the GNVQ (General National Vocational Qualification 国家专业资格证书, 5 levels).英国教育体系英课件Tertiary educationv延续教育(Further Education)是继小学(Primary)中学(Secondary)教育之后的“第三级教育”(Tertiary)。
为进入高等教育或者就业打下基础也是中国的高中学生留学英的关键阶段一般来说接受延续教育的学生介于16和18岁之间v它分为两种体系:学业路线(Academic Route)和职业路线(Vocational Route)学业路线着重于培养学术研究方面的人才,职业路线则结合社会各层面的职业需要,培养在各种行业中具有专门技能和知识的人才英国教育体系英课件vSome more ambitious and hardworking students will take GCE O-level (一般水平普通教育证书) exams. If they pass, they may transfer to a Sixth Form school (六年级学校) or tertiary college (三级学校) to learn A-level classes for 2 years.vAt 18, they take GCE A-level examinations (Advanced General Certificate of Education 高级水平普通教育证书=大学入学考试), usually in not more than 3 subjects. It’s necessary to have A-levels in order to go to a university or other institutions of higher education.英国教育体系英课件Widely Held BeliefsvFirstly, “the best way to ensure good results is to vest (赋予) responsibility for a job in an individual body and then allow it to go in its own way, intervening (干预) only if it’s manifestly (显而易见地) not performing its job properly.” vSecondly, “a school is not only a place for learning but also a society, free to plan and conduct its corporate life as seems best to it, provided that it keeps this life within the accepted framework laid down by social convention and the national policy for education.” vQuestion for you: How do you interpret the beliefs above?英国教育体系英课件vIndividual schools enjoy great freedom and space! vAlthough the ultimate responsibility for the educational system lies with the parliament, it doesn’t lay down what subjects shall be taught; nor does it give any directions about teaching methods, or prescribe (规定、指定、开处方) any textbooks.vThe Queen once said, “ A headmaster once told me that in his opinion the freedom which teachers have is the most valuable thing in British education”.英国教育体系英课件Case StudyvCompared with that in Chinese counterparts, the curriculum in the UK primary or secondary schools is much simpler. (esp. mathematics & reading) WHY? Is their Intelligence Quotient low?vAccording to a schoolmaster in Bristol:1. The compulsory education aims to cultivate eligible (合格的) citizens rather than elites;2. Curiosity and self-confidence matter a lot more than the knowledge itself. 3. Shaping characters and individuality is emphasized. Team spirit and leadership can be developed through games.英国教育体系英课件Public Schools vIn the UK private schools are confusingly called public schools! vOnly enroll pupils from prep schools.vHigh tuition fees + large quantity of social endowments = affording smaller classes + better faculty (with nice salaries)vMainly single-sex rather than co-ed schools.vBoarding schools. vQuestion: Who are attending such schools? 英国教育体系英课件vThe students are largely from aristocratic (贵族) and upper class families.vDespite the high fees they account for around 7% of the total school population.vBUT opponents voice doubts: It’s socially divisive and breeds elitism; they are offering more promising opportunities to 7% of British children, but it’s unfair for the remaining 93%! 英国教育体系英课件The Most Well-known Public Schools:vEton College (伊顿公学) (1440 by King Henry VI) vHarrow School (哈罗公学) (1571) (Byron, Churchill) (for Boys only)vWinchester College (温切斯特公学) (1394)vRugby School (拉格贝公学) (1567) (Rugby was first played here.) To send a boy to a leading public school costs£1200 to £ 2000, even £3500 a term.英国教育体系英课件Eton CollegevFor boys ONLY!vIts students are from noble and upper class families. (Prince Charles, William & Harry)vSo far, about 20 PMs were educated at Eton.vThe school fee includes tuition, board & lodging, laundry, personal accident insurance, and the cost of most activities.vHow much is the tuition at Eton? An annual fee of about ££16,000.英国教育体系英课件Eton CollegeEton Pupilswith the tutor英国教育体系英课件Higher EducationvAll British universities are self-governing and fee-charging. They receive financial aid through the University Grants Committee (高校基金委员会) from the government.vOver 42% of pupils become university students on leaving school at 18.v110 universities in UK (93 in England, 13 in Scotland, 2 in Wales and 2 in N. Ireland) v3 categories: old universities, redbrick universities (1850-1930), new universities (WWII- present). 英国教育体系英课件Entrance ProceduresvIn the third term of Year 12, students prepare their applications to university. vApplications are then made in the first term of the Year 13 through one centralized organization known as UCAS (Universities and Colleges Admissions Service大学院校入学委员会 ).vStudents can apply to a maximum of 6 universities/institutions.vAdmission – selection on basis of A level results & an interview. 英国教育体系英课件vFee-charging (on the average: £1200-3000) vDegreesBA / BSc 3 years full-timeMA / MSc 1 year full-time / 2 years part-timePhD at least 3 years original researchBA: Bachelor of Arts (文学学士)BSc: Bachelor of Science (理学学士)BS: 同上英国教育体系英课件Teaching Methods vThe UK educational system encourages self-study, discussions and practical work. The students may have time-tabled classes or might be encouraged to do more of independent work for a substantial amount of time depending on the course.vMost of the courses would include the following teaching methods: 英国教育体系英课件A. Lectures 讲座vThe professors dominate the lectures which serve to guide the students. vThe size of the class is generally large, often up to 100 students. vNO prescribed textbooks but reading lists and handouts (讲稿讲稿)!英国教育体系英课件B. Seminars 讨论会vThe seminars provide the students with a platform for sharing their views on a given topic. vThe students are told in advance about a topic & are required to prepare a presentation on it. vWhat is the point of attending seminars?The discussions that take place in seminars often help students understand a topic better in different perspectives and help students develop their communication skills. 英国教育体系英课件C. Tutorials 导师课vTutorials give you focused guidance on a particular topic once a week.vThe size of tutorials is quite small. (15-20)Every student has to speak in class.vThe students meet with the professors individually to discuss their concerns about the topic that they have undertaken and thus seek individual guidance. 英国教育体系英课件D. Independent workvStudents are supposed to investigate a topic in detail and develop their own views about it. (off-campus research)vThis usually involves working individually or in a small group with other students to research a topic.vProduce written work or make presentation for a seminar. 英国教育体系英课件E. Coursework 课程论文/学年作业vThis may include essays, reports, projects, presentations or reflections. vCoursework is assessed and given grades.vAssessment: a combination of methodsvQuestion: Is the written exam a must for course assessment? NOT necessarily! Take Marketing Management for example, coursework 65% (group presentation 20% + individual reflection 20% + business plan 25%) + written exam 35%英国教育体系英课件Plagiarism 剽窃vPlagiarism means presenting other people’s work as one's own without acknowledging the source or referencing.vCheating or plagiarism can result in students not being allowed to graduate. vAdvice is normally given by your professors on an acceptable way and amount of referencing. (footnote / bibliography)英国教育体系英课件CambridgeCambridge University was founded in 1209 by students fleeing from Oxford after one of the many episodes of violence between the university and the town of Oxford.英国教育体系英课件英国教育体系英课件英国教育体系英课件英国教育体系英课件Famous StudentsvJohn MiltonvCharles DarwinvPrince Charles英国教育体系英课件Vice-Chancellor – Professor Alison RichardvCambridge is one of the world’s great universities, and has the ability to transform lives. If you study here, you will experience that quality at first hand. Day to day, you will work with academic staff who are leaders in their fields, and who are also committed to see you succeed, and to help you develop your ideas, knowledge and understanding.英国教育体系英课件Oxford University英国教育体系英课件英国教育体系英课件英国教育体系英课件Famous StudentsvOscar WildevSamuel JohnsonvBill ClintonvTony BlairvMargaret Thatcher英国教育体系英课件OxfordvLegend has it that Oxford University was founded by King Alfred in 872 to encourage education and establish schools throughout his territory. Like a grammar school, it was just a place for teaching Latin grammar at that time. The University actually began in the 12th century as gatherings of students around popular masters. The university consisted of people, not buildings. The buildings came later as a recognition of something that already existed. In a way, Oxford was never founded; it grew. 英国教育体系英课件Chancellor of OxfordvOxford is one of the greatest universities in the world. It has played a distinguished part in the history of our country and our continent, and has much to contribute to our success and our well-being as a civilized community in the future.vChris Patten英国教育体系英课件Oxbridge Boat RacevThe Boat Race between Oxford & Cambridge started June 10, 1829.vThe event is now a British national institution, and is televised live each year. The race has been won by Cambridge 79 times and Oxford 73 so far. vThe race is currently run over a four mile and 374 yard (6.8 km) stretch of the River Thames between Putney and Mortlake in London.vOxford wear dark blue and Cambridge light blue. 英国教育体系英课件vThe Dark Blue Crew英国教育体系英课件vThe Light Blues & Dark Blues英国教育体系英课件vGlasgow University Nottingham University英国教育体系英课件Buckingham Uni.vVerney Park Campusv Chandos Road Campus英国教育体系英课件vUniversity graduates dominate British political leadership, especially those from Oxbridge – Thatcher & Blair from Oxford; 2/3 of Blair’s cabinet members educated at Oxford or Cambridge.英国教育体系英课件Students’ ActivitiesOuting英国教育体系英课件vPubbing英国教育体系英课件SportsRugbyFootball英国教育体系英课件Choir英国教育体系英课件Chinese Higher EducationenrollmentexpansionResources are straining.Education quality is suffering.Intense competitionin the job market.elite edu. vs. mass edu.dilemma英国教育体系英课件Have a discussion on the defects of Chinese higher educationvDefect 1: Blind Enrollment ExpansionvDefect 2: Awkward Teaching MethodvDefect 3: Prescribed / Designated TextbooksvDefect 4: Unreasonable CurriculumvDefect 5:Unfair Assessment System英国教育体系英课件Defect 1: Blind Enrollment ExpansionvUniversities seem to have enrolled more than they can accommodate! vLimited facilities & space, insufficient resources, shabby dorms (slum)…vExpansion means a lot more! Fierce competition in the job market, 英国教育体系英课件Defect 2: Awkward Teaching MethodvTeachers tend to spoon-feed their students who are in turn spoon-fed and force-fed!vMore trust, freedom, interactions and responsibilities for the students! vTeachers should serve as advisors & assistants! 英国教育体系英课件Defect 3: Prescribed / Designated TextbooksvA lack of flexibility (few alternative choices)vOutdated contents (keep pace with) vThe prescribed textbooks can be replaced by …英国教育体系英课件Defect 4: Unreasonable CurriculumvMany outdated courses should be abolished! (Marxism philosophy, Deng Xiaoping Theory, Mao Zedong Thoughts, Military Theory.)vMore utilitarian courses are welcome! (Computer Science, Business, Finance, Accounting, Law)vOne shouldn’t be confined to one’s specific field.vMoral education is in urgent demand! (campus violence, suicide, theft, murder)英国教育体系英课件Defect 5:Unfair Assessment SystemvExam-oriented style! (Scores talk!)vStudents: exams of lottery (memory test / work overtime shortly before the test) vTeachers? 英国教育体系英课件How to improve it?vIt’s a time-consuming & systematic project.vNever wait for the improvement! Get a move now! vYou and me are part of Chinese higher education! vTry to make the best and most of the current situation! vStop complaining and try to make a difference from now on. 英国教育体系英课件Homework for Next WeekvCollect the information about the British broadcasting, newspapers and magazines to be prepared for Chapter 6 British Mass Media and chapter 7 Britain and the World.英国教育体系英课件。

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