2022年考博英语-西北工业大学考前模拟强化练习题79（附答案详解）.docx

2022年考博英语-西北工业大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题When we credit the successful people with intelligence, physical strength or good luck, we are making excuses for ourselves because we fall（  ）in all three.问题1选项A.rareB.lackingC.shortD.scarce【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析rare “稀罕的”；lacking “缺乏的；匮乏的”；short “缺乏的”； scarce “不足的”句意：当我们知晓成功人士拥有智力、体力和好运时，我们在为自己找借口，因为我们缺少这三样fall short固定搭配，意思是“缺乏”，选项C符合题意2. 单选题 Johnson's business survived on a（  ）relationship with only a few customers.问题1选项A.tentativeB.salientC.lucrativeD.insubstantial【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

tentative “试探性的；暂定的 "；salient “显著的； 突出的”；lucrative “有利可图的；有利的”；insubstantial “脆弱的；非真实的”句意：约翰逊的生意靠与仅有的几个顾客的有利可图的关系维持着选项C符合题意3. 单选题A decision of this（  ）had to have national support.问题1选项A.extentB.amountC.degreeD.magnitude【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析extent “程度，范围”；amount “数量；总额”；degree “程度，等级”；magnitude “大小，量级，重要”句意：这类重大的决定需要全国人民的支持才行选项D符合题意4. 单选题So fast（  ）that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.问题1选项A.has light traveledB.light travelsC.does light travelD.travels light【答案】C【解析】考查倒装句由 so / such…that…结构中的so或such与其修饰成分位于句首表示强调时，主句要进行倒装，因此选项C符合题意。

5. 单选题I suppose you are not leaving for Beijing today,（  ） ?问题1选项A.are youB.do youC.aren’t youD.don’t you【答案】A【解析】考查反义疑问句句中“I suppose”是一个插入语，陈述部分“you are not…”是否定意义，因此疑问部分应该用肯定意义，选项A符合题意6. 单选题In the 1950s, the pioneers of artificial intelligence (AI) predicted that, by the end of this century, computers would be conversing with us at work and robots would be performing our housework. But as useful as computers are, they’re nowhere close to achieving anything remotely resembling these early aspirations for humanlike behavior. Never mind something as complex as conversation: the most powerful computers struggle to reliably recognize the shape of an object, the most elementary of tasks for a ten-month-old kid.A growing group of AI researchers think they know where the field went wrong. The problem, the scientists say, is that AI has been trying to separate the highest, most abstract levels of thought, like language and mathematics, and to duplicate them with logical, step-by-step programs. A new movement in AI, on the other hand, takes a closer look at the more roundabout way in which nature came up with intelligence. Many of these researchers study evolution and natural adaptation instead of formal logic and conventional computer programs. Rather than digital computers and transistors, some want to work with brain cells and proteins. The results of these early efforts are as promising as they are peculiar, and the new nature-based AI movement is slowly but surely moving to the forefront of the field.Imitating the brain's neural （神经的）network is a huge step in the right direction, says computer scientist and biophysicist Michael Conrad, but it still misses an important aspect of natural intelligence. “People tend to treat the brain as if it were made up of color-coded transistors”, he explains, “but it’s not simply a clever network of switches. There are lots of important things going on inside the brain cells Where one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, the child may have to back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible, for example by providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or toy railway train up to any age if he still needs to do so. This principle, in fact, underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their development, and is the basis of work in child clinics.The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages wait for food, to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on. If the child feels the world around him is a warm and friendly one, he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms himself to conforming to its demands. Learning to wait for things, particularly for food, is a very important element in upbringing, and is achieved successfully only if too great demands are not made before the child can understand them.Every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition of each new skill—the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feeling of failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural zest for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.Learning together is a fruitful source of r。