
初中英语语法视频讲座新编.doc
38页学校英语语法视频讲座 202x年x月x日 篇一:学校英语语法讲座(一) (5) 学校英语语法讲座(一) 姓名_____________ 一、名词 关于名词,我们必需把握名词的数,名词的格 ┌单数...可用a、an来修饰可数名词单数,在元音发音开头的单词前用an,而不是a 可数名词 名词的依据数 └复数 不行数名词 1.复数的构成方法: (1)一般在复数名词后加s,如:dog..dogs (2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加es,如:watch..watches (3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加es,如:country..countries 请区分:假如是元音字母加y结尾的名词,则只须加s如:monkey..monkeys (4)以o结尾的名词,只有potato(土豆),tomato(西红柿)加es 构成复数 (5)以f、fe结尾的名词,变f、fe为v再加es,如:knife..knives 2.单复数形式相同的词:sheep..sheep,fish—fish, Chinese..Chinese,Japanese..Japanese 3.特殊变化的单词有:(1)tooth..teeth,foot.. feet (2)man..men,woman..women,policeman..policemen, Frenchman..Frenchmen 请区分:German(德国人)..Germans (3)child—children 4.常以复数形式消灭的名词:people(人),clothes(衣服),trousers(裤子) glasses(眼镜) ,这些名词作主语时,同学们应特殊留意它们的谓语,用复数。
如:My clothes are (be) newer than yours. 5.有些名词看似复数形式,实际上是单数这一点是同学不易把握的,应特殊加以记忆如:news(消息),maths(数学),physics(物理) 6.可用how many,many,a few,few,a lot of,lots of,some,any等来修饰可数名词复数 不行数名词: 1.常见的不行数名词有:water,rice,fish,meat,等 应特殊记medicine,news,work,homework,housework,money,chalk,weather,cotton,wood. 2.不行数名词无复数,作主语时常看成单数 如:Some bread over there. (be) 3.常用how much, much, a little, little, a lot of ,some, any等来修饰不行数名词 4.常用a piece of, a cup of等来表示不行数名词的量如要表达“两片面包”这样的意义,bread仍为不行数名词,不加s,而piece则可加s。
即:two pieces of bread 请区分:可数名词也可用量来表示,如:三箱苹果three boxes of apples 例: 1、These two pieces of bread are over there.(be) 2、Could I have three ,please? A. piece of bread B. .piece of breadsC. pieces of bread D .pieces of breads 名词的格 名词全部格的构成方法,在名词后加“ s”如:Tom→ Toms译为“?的”,若遇上以s结尾的复数名词,则在s后加“ ”即可如:Teachers Day , two weeks holiday,而不以s结尾的复数名词的全部格,仍按惯例加s 如:Childrens Day 关于名词全部格,应把握以下几点: 1.可用名词全部格表示地点如:my aunts 我姑姑家 go to the doctors 去医生家 2.表示两人共同拥有,在最终一个名词后加s如:Lucy and Lilys 露西和莉莉的 3.把握词组:a girl of five 一个五岁的女孩 a friend of mine 我的一个伴侣 eg ; The white shirt is and blue one is A、Kate ,myB .Kates ,mine C .Kate ,mineD .Kates, my 二、冠词 冠词是词汇中的基础的,也是简洁的部分,所以同学们有必要把握其基本用法,中考也会体现这一点。
归纳起来,同学们应当把握以下几点: 1.冠词指不定冠词a, an和定冠词the 2.不定冠词an常用于元音发音开头的词前,如:an hour, an English car. 请区分:a useful machine 3.指上文提到过的人或物,用定冠词the 4.在世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the.如:the sun ,the moon, the earth 5.定冠词the用于序数词前,表示方位的名词和形容词最高级前 如:the first, the best ,in the south 6.在复数姓氏前加the,表示一家人,常看成复数 如:The Browns are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer. 7.在介词短语中常用定冠词the,如:in the box ,behind the chair 8.特殊留意不能用定冠词the的几个方面: (1)在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词如:in summer, in August 加the) (2)一日三餐和球类运动名不用冠词。
如:have breakfast ,play football (3)一些固定词组中,如:go to bed ,go to school ,by bus ,,at night. 9.在有些词组中,有冠词和无冠词意思不同,请留意区分: in front of 在?前面 in the hospital 在医院里 in the front of 在?范围内的前部 in hospital (生病)住院 A. an, an B .a, a C .an, the D. a, the 请区分:in the spring of 1945. (这里表示特指,故 三、数词 同学们首先应会读会写全部基数词和序数词,以及与数词有关的钟点表达法对数词的考查,中考常接受单选题及听力题,这些题型归纳起来,应把握以下几点特殊简洁出错的地方 1.基数词变序数词其规律为: 1,2,3特殊记,加th 从4起 (first, second, third, fourth) 8少t,9去e,千万别遗忘 (eighth ,ninth) 逢5逢12,ve变f (fifth ,twelfth) 20到90,y要变ie (twentieth ,ninetieth) 若是几十几,前基后序别倒位 (ninety.first) 2.hundred,thousand,million 在构成具体的数字时用单数形式。
如:five hundred people. 只有在表达笼统的多数时才加s,构成复数形式 hundreds of 数以百计的,成百上千的 thousands of 数以千计的,成千上万的 millions of 数百万的 这些词组前不能用具体数字 3.序数词常与定冠词the 连用 eg: Hey has learned eight French words this year. A. hundredB. hundreds C .hundred of D .hundreds of The lesson is the most difficult one in Book Two. (twenty) 另外,同学们还应把握与数词有关的钟点表达法 顺读法(钟点+分钟) 如:4:30 four thirty 4:45 four forty.five 4:15 four fifteen 倒读法(分钟+to/past+钟点) 如:4:30 half past four 4:15 fifteen past four/a quarter past four 4:45 fifteen to five/a quarter to five 练习题 1.At the beginning of the_______(twenty) century, the worlds population was about 17 million. 2.Are these_____(watch)yours? Yes. 3.You dont look well. Youd better go to the______(doctor) at once. 4.Would you give me ________, please? A. two papers B .two piece of paper C. two pieces of paper D .two pieces of papers 5.There are three _____and seven ____in the picture. A. monkeys , sheeps B. monkeys, sheep C. monkies, sheepD. monkies, sheeps 6.A lot of____ are talking with two_______. A. Germans, FrenchmansB. Germen, Frenchmans C. German, FrenchmenD. Germans, Frenchmen 7.June 1 is ______________. A. the Childrens DayB. the C hildrens DayC .Childrens DayD. Childrens Day 思考题 1.__________people went out to see what had happened. A. Thousands of B. Three thousand of C. Thousand of D. Three thousands 2.We have been in the school for______. A. three and a half month B .three and a half months C. three month and a half D .three months and half 3._____English is_____ useful language.。












