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高三英语语法-非谓语动词复习.docx

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    • 高三英语语法-非谓语动词复习不定式(infinitive )、分词(participle)、动名词(gerund)是非谓语 动词,在句子中不能作谓语以下表格列出了他们各自在句中的作用• ••••••••(,表示可以在句中担任的语法成分,X则表示不可以种类、主语宾语宾语补足 语表语定语状语不定式VVVVVV动名词VVXVVX分词XXVVVV非谓语动词在句中的特点、性质、用法、区别及使用注意事项分 述如下:第一节、非谓语动词作主语可作主语的非谓语形式为:不定式和动名词其表达形式为:不定式:主动态to do;被动态to be done;动名词:主动态doing;被动态 being done例 1: To act like that is foolish.例 2: It is impossible for me to buy the car with cash.要我用现金 买那辆车是不可能的例 3: Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old.例 4: What made you so late for work today ? Driving to the office was very slow this morning because of heavy traffic.因为交通拥挤,今早开车上班非常慢。

      一般说来,动名词和不定式作主语,可以互换,其意义没有多大 差别,但须注意以下两点:1 .表示具体的,尤其是未发生的动作,倾向用不定式(如例2)表示无时限的泛指动作(如例 3)或描述当时的情况(如例 4), 倾向用动名词2 .在下列句型用动名词作主语It is no good doing.( 没有用)There is no doing.( 不可能)It is no good arguing with him.和他争论没有用There is no knowing what may happen. = It is impossible to know what may happen.练习: 1 .( 改错) As is known, learn a foreign language well requires great efforts.2 .( 改错) Though flying balloons are easy, balloonists must watch the weather carefully.3 . (选择) to sunlight for too much will do harm to one ’ sskin.A. Exposed to B. Exposing C. Having exposed D.Being exposed答案:1. learn 一 learning 原形动词不能作主语。

      2. are - is单个动名词作主语,谓语用单数3. 答案D句义:遭太阳暴晒对皮肤有害本题考查动名词作主语分析句子结构可知,待选项在句中作主语,又因为人与 expose 为被动关系,所以选 D第二节、非谓语动词作表语可作表语的非谓语动词为:不定式,动名词1 . Your task this morning is to deliver the mail to Professor Smith. 你今天上午的任务是把这个邮件送给史密斯教授 (不定式解释主语内容)2 . My hobby is collecting stamps. (动名词解释主语内容)1 . The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, it moredifficult.( 99 全国) A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make2 .分析句子是否正确 : What we do is prepare our students to facefierce competitions when they enter society.1、答案 B。

      is 后有两个表语,两者必须在结构上对称第一个表语为不定式to make life easier,则第二个表语也应该为不定式,所以选 B 2、正确当主语部分有实义动词 do 时,作表语的不定式可以省略to;若没有实义动词do,表语中to不能省略第三节、非谓语动词作宾语可作宾语的非谓语动词为:不定式和动名词1.不定式作宾语例 1 . He demanded to know the truth.例 2 . The car failed to stop at the red light. 那辆轿车看到红灯没有停英语中有相当数量的动词,只能以不定式作宾语如:agree (同意),decide, refuse, pretend (假装),manage (设法),promise, seem, happen, hope, wish, offer to d 0 表示愿望)afford to do (买得起, 承担得起),bother to do (特意),choose todo (愿意或决定)attempt / seek to do (试图) learn to do (学习或学会)短语would like (love) to do, would prefer to do (更愿意),be about todo (即将),介词 but / except to do例 1) I have no choice but to give up the plan.2) There was nothing we could do except wait.注:but / except前有实义动词do,其后to必须省去请注意以下几点:1)疑问代词如 what, which;疑问副词如 when, whether (why 除外)引导的不定式可作know, decide等的宾语,在意义上相百与一个未曾发生的宾语从句。

      例 1. We haven t decidewhat steps to take next.f We haven t decided what steps we should take next.2. I really don ' t wnowher to write to her or give her a phonecall.f I really don ' t know whether I should write to her or give her a phone call.这种结构也可以作主语和表语例 1. What to do next remains to be discussed下一步该怎么办有例 2. Our difficulty is where to get enough money.2)为了避免重复,不定式可省去与前边重复的动词原形,而保留 “to”例: Would you like to go for a picnic with me ? I ' d love to, but I can ' t spare any time(Wopresent.略了 go for a picnic with you)3主动语态被动语态形式时间概念形式时间概 念to do (一>时)1)未发生2)和谓语 动作同时to be done同左to be doing (进行谓语动作发生时,正在时)进行to have done 位 成时)发生在谓语动作之前to have been done同左不定式的进行时和完成时常用在下列句型中:seem / appear (似乎)to1) S (人,物)happen (碰巧)topretend tobe said (据说)tobe thought / supposed / considered/ believe d 据认 为)to2) S (人,物)be reported (据^艮导)to be known (知道)to请注意:考查不定式的时态和语态,主要集中在以上句型中,是 局考的重点和热点。

      I happened to be standing next to him when he fell down.The bank is reported in the local newspaper to have been robbed in broad daylight yesterday.据当地报纸指导,这家银行昨天在光天 化日之下遭到抢劫He is known to have been arrested by the police 人们者 B 知道他曾 被警察逮捕过4) was / were to have done ; would like to have done wished (hoped / wanted / intended / meant to have done 表示当时想做,而实际不能做到I was to have picked you up at the airport, but I forgot about it.1 intended to have helped you out but I had no money then.我当时 真想帮助你摆脱困境,可是我那时身无分文。

      2 .动名词作动词或介词的宾语I can imagine marrying a girl of that sort.我彳艮难想象与那种女子 结婚后的情形I narrowly missed being killed in the car accident.在那次车祸中我 死里逃生He admitted having stolen my bicycle. 他承认偷了我的自行车There is no point in arguing any further再争议下去毫无意义3 )下列动词必须带动名词结构作宾语:understand (理解),admit (承认),keep (on)(继续),practise (练习),finish (完成),imagine (想象),miss (错过,避免),avoid (避免),escape(逃避),suggest(建议),dislike (讨厌), enjoy (喜欢),delay(推迟),excuse(原谅),mind(介意),appreciate(感激),oppose (反对)另外,有的词既可带动名词做宾语,亦可带不定式做宾语补足语, 请区别清楚如:allow doing (比较:allow sb. to do) advise doing (比较:advisesb. to d。

      4 )下列短语必须带动名词结构作宾语:be worth (值得),pay attention to (注意),object to (反对),can' t help (情不自禁),devote oneself to (致力于),put off (推迟), be / get used to (习。

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