英汉词汇文化对比及对英语教学的启示(1).docx

          英汉词汇文化对比及对英语教学的启示(1)                    [Abstract] Language is closely related with culture. One kind of language is influenced by its national culture and represents for its special cultural connotations. This article points out that vocabulary, as one of the three elements of a language, is the most active factor in language learning, which is obviously seen if there appear some changes in culture and language. The significance of studying the cultural connotations of vocabulary is realized. The connotations belong to one aspect of the meanings of vocabulary, and the meanings are pided into seven styles. Besides the conceptual meaning, the rest of other meanings pertain to the connotations. From the connotations, the article analyzes the three corresponding relationships between English and Chinese vocabulary that show the cultural connotations: complete parallelism, incomplete parallelism and no parallelism and gives some examples to demonstrate them. While in the English teaching nowadays, the cultural connotations of vocabulary are often ignored by many English educators, which leads to much danger. Many problems always occur so that students’ interests will be lowered and that students do not have scientific methods of learning, or have bad competence of using language. In this way, the article gives some enlightenment of English teaching, including the constitution of syllabus, the choosing and composing of the teaching material, teaching activities in-class and activities after-class. Therefore, language can be used freely when integrating the cultural connotations of English and Chinese vocabulary with English teaching.[Key Words] English and Chinese vocabulary; cultural connotation; contrast; teaching [摘 要] 语言与文化密不可分。

一种语言会在一定程度上受本民族文化的影响，反映其独特的文化内涵词汇作为语意的三要素之一，是语言最活跃的环节，文化与语言的任何一点变化在词汇这一环节上都是显而易见的，从而明确了研究词汇文化内涵的意义词汇文化内涵是属于词汇意义中的其中一部分，除了概念意义外其余的意义均属于内涵这一方面就这个词汇的文化内涵意义，文章简单分析了体现英汉语词汇文化内涵的三种对应关系：完全对应型、不完全对应型及完全不对应型，并给出了一些词汇实例证明这三种关系由于这些对应关系所反映的英汉语词汇的文化内涵常常被许多英语教育工作者所忽视，以至于在现今的英语教学中产生了一定的危害普遍存在着学生学习兴趣不高，没有科学的学习方法及英语学习能力差等弊病这些给我们的英语教学带来了极大的启发，本文分别从教学大纲、教材的选编、课堂教学活动、课后活动这些方面导入英汉语词汇的文化因素，能帮助学生更好地运用语言，把英汉语词汇的文化内涵与教学真正结合起来[Keys] 中英词汇；文化内涵；对比；教学1.IntroductionLanguage is related closely with culture. Language is the carrier and container of culture. English is part of English culture and the Chinese language is part of Chinese culture. Human experience and life style are described and stored in language. Customs, habits and behavioural patterns can be described and analyzed in language. Even the visual arts like painting, sculpture, movie and dance and the auditory arts such as music and singing can be described and evaluated in language. To be sure, culture can exist in the form of materials.[1] As a mirror of culture language is strongly influenced and shaped by culture. [2] Familial relation is very important to the Chinese people, so there are many kinship terms in Chinese. For example:(1) 叔侄--- uncle and nephew (2) 爷孙--- grandfather and grandson(3) 婆媳--- grandmother and wife (4) 夫妻--- husband and wifeTherefore if you want to learn and master one kind of language, learners should know the cultural background of the country that the language belongs to. If a learner just pays attention to the language itself but ignores the cultural background that the language represents, he will not master it correctly and use it properly.Meanwhile language also reflects its influence on culture. “White” means “immaculate and sinless” in English, so westerners call “the auspicious day of marrying” as “white day”. Then in China, “white” is not good for lovers who will marry. Vocabulary is the basic factor of all language and a key element in language learning. A well-known English linguist D.A.Wilkins said: “No language, people can’t express many things; while no vocabulary, people can express none.”[3] Vocabulary is the most active and flexible component of language. By this token, vocabulary can be reflected by culture. In other words, the discrepancies between different cultures can also be reflected by vocabulary.This article is trying to focus on the cultural connotations of English and Chinese vocabulary and give some suggestions to English teaching. 2. The classification of vocabulary meaningEnglish linguist Geoffrey Leach pides the semantics into seven styles: 1) Conceptual Meaning; 2) Connotative Meaning; 3) Stylistic Meaning; 4) Affective Meaning; 5) Reflected Meaning; 6) Collocative Meaning; 7) Thematic Meaning [4] Conceptual meaning is the basic meaning, the central factor in linguistic communication, which is the word meaning used to express an object in the real world or a concept in our mind. It is also the denotative meaning of words. Then the rest of other meanings pertain to the connotation, which is the associative matters and feelings when using the words. The cultural connotation of vocabulary refers to the meaning of the cu。