2022年英语专业四级考试作文.pdf

精品资料欢迎下载英语专业四级考试Ⅵ. 写作一、大纲要求：Ⅵ. 写作(Part Ⅵ: Writing) 1. 测试要求 : (a) 作文: 能根据所给的作文题目、提纲或图表、数据等，写一篇200 个单词左右的作文能做到内容切题、完整，条理清楚，结构严谨，语法正确，语言通顺，表达得体考试时间35 分钟b) 便条: 能根据所给提示写 50 至 60 个单词的便条、通知、请贴等能做到格式正确，语言得体考试时间10 分钟2. 测试形式 : 本部分分为主观试题，分两节:Section A和 Section B Section A: Composition 本题是命题作文，文章体裁主要属于说明文、议论文或记叙文的范围Section B: Note-Writing 本节是写便条3. 测试目的 : 按照《大纲》的要求测试学生书面表达的能力评分标准共有以下七条：(1) 文章内容切题、丰富，文章通顺，表达清楚2) 行文流畅3) 组织严密，逻辑性强4) 句型多样化，句法结构正确5) 用词得体、恰当、丰富6) 语法正确7) 拼写及标点正确，书写整洁专四作文评分标准14-15 分 内容切题 , 完整 , 条理清楚 , 文章结构严谨 , 语法正确 , 语言通顺恰当, 句式 用词富有变化 , 有" 闪光点 " 基本无语言错误 . 11-13 分内容切题 , 完整, 条理清楚 , 文章结构严谨 , 语法正确 , 语言通顺恰精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 15 页精品资料欢迎下载当, 少量语法错误8-10 分内容基本切题 , 完整, 条理基本清楚 , 文章结构基本严谨 , 语法基本正确 , 语言基本通顺恰当 . 少量严重错误 , 一些词使用不当 . 5-7 分内容基本切题 , 完整, 条理不够清楚 , 教明显的母语痕迹 . 较多语言错误, 许多词使用不当 . 2-4 分内容偏题 , 不完整 , 思路混乱 , 语句不完整 , 只有少数句子可以理解 ,词汇拼写错误严重 . 本次模拟考试中作文部分出现的问题：1. 有些学生时间分配不合理，可能是时间来不及了，没有写便条。

建议考试的时候先写便条，再写大作文2. 写大作文的时候，有些学生没有仔细审题，本来题目要求第二部分写文化差异的解决方式，有些学生写的是出现文化差异的原因3. 文章结构不合理题目要求文章第一部分写处理文化差异的必要性有些同学文章的第二部分还在写处理文化差异的必要性，第三部分才写两句关于如何处理文化差异，就当文章的结尾部分了主次不分，文章重心偏离4. 有些学生的作文语法错误太多，句式过于复杂导致表述不清楚建议背诵一些比较经典的句型，考试的时候套用5. 文章的第二部分条理不清楚一般来说这部分是重心，需要条理很清楚，要适当使用一些接续词专四作文考前英语高分作文常用典型句型一、用于驳斥的比较的常用句型1. In general， I don ’ t agree with...2. In my opinion ， this point of view doesn’ t hold water.3. The chief reason why...， is that... 4. There is no doubt that... 5. It is not true that... 6. It can be easily denied that... 7. We have no reason to believe that... 8. What is more serious is that... 9. But it is a pity that... 10. Besides， we should not neglect that... 11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore.... 12. Others may find this to be true ， but I believe that... 13. Perhaps I will question why... 14. There is a certain amount of truth in this ， but we still have a problem with regard to... 15. Though we are in basic agreement with... ， but... 16. What seems to be the trouble is... 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 15 页精品资料欢迎下载17. Yet differences will be found ， that ’ s why I feel that...18. It would be reasonable to take the view that... ， but it would be foolish to claim that... 19. There is in fact no reason for us to believe that... 20. What these people fail to consider is that... 21. It is one thing to insist that... ， it is quite another to show that... 22. Wonderful as A is， however， it has its own disadvantages too. 23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. 24. As advantage sounds ridiculous when B ，s advantages 二、用于描写图表和数据的常用句型1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. 2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. 3. It has been increased by a factor of 4 since 1995. 4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. 5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. 6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. 7. The total number was lowered by 10%. 8. It rose from 10 -15 percent of the total this year. 9. Compared with 1997 ， it fell from 15 to 10 percent. 10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. 11. It has decreased almost two and half times， compared with... 三、解释原因、分析影响的常用句型及例句说明1. Everybody knows that... 2. It can be easily proved that... 3. It is true that... 4. No one can deny that... 5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is... 6. The chief reason is that... 7. We must recognize that... 8. There is no doubt that... 9. I am of the opinion that... 10. This can be expressed as follows: 11. To take..， for an example .... 12. We have reason to believe that... 13. Now that we know that... 14. Among the most convincing reasons given ， one should be mentioned... 15. The change in... largely results from the fact that... 16. There are several causes for this significant growth in... ， first .... second...， finally... 17. A number of factors could account for the development in... 18. Perhaps the primary reason is... 19. It is chiefly responsible for... 20. The reasons for..， are complicated. And probably they are found in the fact... 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 15 页精品资料欢迎下载21. There are several possible reasons ， except that... 22. Somebody believes/ argues/ holds/ insists/ thinks that... 23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon... 24. Different people observes it in different ways. 例句说明1. There are many (different/several) reasons for this change (decrease/growth) of... For one thing，...For another，.... ，In addition ，... 例:There are several reasons for his decision of studying law. For one thing ， he is very interested in social affairs and it seems the best way to enable him to engage in these activities. For another ，his father is a lawyer ， who has always encouraged him to do something similar. In addition， he is sure that he can get a job after graduation. 2. A number of factors contribute to (something/doing) — . ...... and... 例: A number of factors contribute to changing moral values--self-indulgence， the lack of social consciousness and the degeneration of the society itself. 3. We may (regard/think of/take/consider) the (phenomenon/decrease/development) as a (n) (sign/evidence/symbol) of...，but the truth is that... 例：We may take the change as a sign of social development， but the truth is that it will only lead to social corruption. 4. The explanation for the phenomenon of ... involves many (different/complicated) factors. 例 :The explanation for the phenomenon of the rising teenage suicide rate involves many complicated factors. Some attribute the rise to an overemphasis on early success ， others point to mounting peer pressure， and still others to confusion over changing social values. 5. The reasons for ... are many， but for the most part center on...例:The reasons for poverty are many， but for the most part center on illiteracy ， the lack of opportunities and in some cases pure laziness. 四、有关文章、段落起始的常用句型I. With the (rapidly) growing popularity of Internet surfing ( computers /cars/mobile phones/pagers/.PDP television/... ) in China ， the quality of our lives is improving for the better. 2. With the (rapid) growth of our economy ( heavy industries/transportation system/market economy/population/private enterprises/housing industry/... ) ，an increasing number of problems， such as (water shortages/traffic jams/industrial pollution/ waste of energy/desert spreading/... )， are beginning to surface. 3. As the proverb says... ( It goes without saying that... /Generally speaking，... /It is often said that... ) 4. With the (rapid) development of science and technology ( market economy/electronic industry/information industry/higher education/...) an increasing number of people come to realize 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 15 页精品资料欢迎下载that (knowledge is power/a weak nation has no International prestige/education is of vital importance/...). 5. Currently ， there is a widespread concern over drug abuse (high unemployment rate/wildlife extinction/environmental pollution/desertification/organized crime/widespread corruption/energy crisis/water shortages/traffic jams/increasing traffic accidents/... ). 6. It is quite clear that (Them is no doubt that/ Some people believe that).. ， because... 7. There is a wide spread concern that many large state-owned companies are in deficit (quite a few Chinese cities face the problem of water shortages， industrial pollution and waste of energy/various kind of superstition flare up/... ) 8. The government is (We are) seriously concerned with wildlife extinction (drug abuse/widespread corruption/organized crimes/high unemployment rate/...). 9. Many people often ask such question:” ...’ ? ( More and more people have come to realize...) 10. In the past two decades ( In the past five years)， millions of private enterprises( private schools/supermarkets/fast food restaurants/... ) have mushroomed all over China. 11. In recent years， many Chinese families have owned cars (computers/mobile phones/video cameras/houses/... ). 12. Recently the issue of... has been brought to public attention. (Currently there is a widespread concern that... /Now people in growing number are coming to realize that... ) 13. Nowadays ，a heated debate (discussion) about the accession to WTO (private cars/stocks/brain-drain/Chinas football/... ) is under way in China. 14. As the market economy (the legal system/the living standard/the higher education system/the highway network/the infrastructure/...) improves in China， free competition will increasingly replace all sorts of monopolies. 15. One great man said that... 16. As the public awareness of the market economy (population control/socialism and communism/wildlife preservation/environmental protection/higher education/human rights/anti-monopoly/creativity/competition/laws and regulations/...) heightens， the gap between China and the developed countries will gradually vanish (many social problems will be solved gradually). 17. Recently，extensive studies (statistics/surveys/investigations/...) show (reveal/indicate/demonstrate/prove/...) that 107 Chinese cities and 1231 small towns suffer water shortages. 18. These days we often tell that...， but is this really the case? 19. There are three major values of owning a car (a computer/an apartment/a mobile phone/a beeper/...). To begin with .... Next .... Last .... There are， on the other hand， more reasons against it. First (ly)... Second (ly) .... Finally ..... 20. There are some reasons for owing a car ( traffic accidents/big fires in big cities/water 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 15 页精品资料欢迎下载shortages/destruction of virgin forests/... ). 21. In the past several years there has been... 22. Now an increasing number of people come to realize that time is money ( knowledge is power/science and technology energize economic growth/we must learn to live in harmony with wildlife/weak nation has no international prestige/cheating never pays/science and technology constitute the primary productive force/... ). 23. There are three basic differences between the large and small universities (cities and countryside/ceramics and plastics materials/... ). In the small university ， you... In the large university ， you... 24. There are various ways (at least three ways/possible techniques/problems/methods/approaches/... ) to do something. 25. Now it is commonly held that... but I doubt whether... 26. The policy ( The president/The major/The reform/The bidding for the 2008 Olympic Summer Games) enjoys grass-root support for three main reasons，27. Smoking (alcoholic beverage/Drugs/Guns/Firecrackers/... ) should be banned from college campuses for two reasons. The first reason is that... The other reason is that... (on the one hand .... On the other hand .... ) 28. There is a general discussion today about the issue of... 29.No pains，no gains. No money，no honey (friendship/work/promotion/admission/love/assistance/service/justice/... ). No shirt ( shoes ) ， no admission. 30. We enjoy Internet surfing not because we are curious about new things ， but because Internet represents the latest technology. 31. The possible solutions of the energy crisis (water shortages/desertification/pollution/theses social problems/... ) depends on three factors (and on specific situations ) ... 32. Faced with .... quite a few people argue that...， but other people conceive differently. 33. How successful your job interview will be depends upon your qualification ，your professional experience and your academic intelligence ， and upon such factors as your social skills ， your personality ， your appearance and a piece of good luck. 34. The three major reasons affecting (responsible for) the rapid economic growth(the widespread corruption/traffic accidents/fires/wildlife extinction/the floods/desert spreading/the collapse of new building/traveling fever/energy crisis/grass land decaying/...) are A， B， and C. 35. Different people have different attitudes towards the biding of the 29th Olympic Games (access to WTO/private cars/high unemployment rate/Internet surfing/private schools/state monopoly of telecommunication/urbanization/stock... ) Some are in favor of... while others are against... 36. When it comes to the access to WTO (Internet surfing/private schools/brain-drain/e- business/high rate of unemployment/China’ s football/recycling/widespread corruption/... ) ， most people believe that..， but other people argue that... 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 15 页精品资料欢迎下载37. The high unemployment rate fuels the competition in the job market ( social unrest/the confrontation between rich and poor/the higher-education fever/organized crime/the grass-root hatred against corruption ， injustice and crime/... ). 38. To lend or not to lend money to a friend (To be or not to be married) depends or specific situations. 39. Heightened environmental consciousness， changing trade patterns and emerging technologies (Global coverage of Internet ， access to WTO and all round open-up: to the world) are all having a major impact on Chinese heavy industries ( English education in China). 40. For years， extensive research efforts have been focused (centered) on decoding the book of life (development of optical computers/elimination of desertification/human organ transplantation/... ). 41. Nowadays， fire (corruption/higher education/drug abuse/pollution/wildlife extinction/Internet surfing/private cars/accession to WTO/biding the 30th Olympic Games/organized crime/mobile phones/unemployment/ high divorce rate/ greenhouse effect/brain-drain/private schools/7-day holidays tourism/... ) has/ have become a focus of attention. 42. The case only reveals (exposes) the tip of an ugly iceberg of the organized crime(widespread corruption/serious environmental pollution/the lack of reverence for laws and regulations/...). 43. With the aggressive conquering of nature，we are facing the serious problem of environmental pollution (exhaustion of natural resources/extinction of wildlife/... ). 44. In spite of these problems of the private companies in China (the home-made instruments/private cars/joint ventures) ， their strengths far outweigh their weaknesses. 45. All these reports reveal a painful face that corruption Is rapidly spreading like wild fire all over China; it invades every pore of our society， fueling rages of common people， hurting the international prestige ， and threatening the safety of our nation. 46. As far as recycling (family planning/environment protection/adult education) is concerned，there is still much room for improvement. 47. Mastery of English vocabulary (Fighting crimes/Wiping out fake products/Cleaning up industrial pollution/Eradicating superstitions/Passing the National College Entrance Exams/Getting a high score in GRE/Earning tuition by students alone/... ) is no picnic. 48. Good manners (Social skills/Good will/Sincerity/Honesty) open (s) the door to friendship (success/grass-roots support/popularity among fellow students/... ). 例句说明1. When asked about the (question/problem/matter) ，(some/many/most/few)( students/people/scientists/... ) 例:When asked about the ongoing uproar involving U.S. President Bill Clinton， most people say the affair involves a purely private matter. But many other people regard his actions as deplorable. I personally think the president committed impeachable offences. 2. When it comes to (sports/seeking jobs) ， (some people/John/...) 例: When it comes to the increasing use of motor vehicles in Beijing ， some people think that use should be limited. Others argue that the opposite is true. There is probably some truth to both arguments， but emission controls must be instituted regardless of the number of vehicles. 3. According to a (n) (survey/study/investigation) ，there is a (n) (increasing/growing/decreasing) numbers of... 例:According to the latest survey ， there is a growing number of people who support the plan. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 15 页精品资料欢迎下载4. It is (an accepted fact that/widely known/widely acknowledged) that... 例:it is widely acknowledged that extensive deforestation contributed to heavy summer flooding. Experts argue that China must introduce a massive afforestation program. But I doubt whether afforestation alone will solve the problem. 5. Nowadays { more and more/many/few} (people/students/women/men) are beginning to ( realize/be aware of/be alert to/notice) the ( importance/significance/greatness/seriousness ) of ( education/science/situation/pollution ) 例 :Nowadays many people believe that capital punishment deters crimes. But al though criminologists have conducted exhaustive research regarding the subject ，little evidence exists to support the claim. 6. (some/most/many) (people/students/women) are of the opinion that...例：Most people are of the opinion that wealth provides solutions to all problems. But spite of the material benefits wealth provides ， I believe one should abandon the pursuit of materialism and instead concentrate on the pursuit of happiness. 五、有关文章和段落结尾的常用短语、句型1.Without computer (cell telephone/PDP television/cars/microelectronics/telecommunication/Internet/genetics advances/... )， it would he difficult to imagine modern life. 2.From this point of view， we can see... ( On account of this we can find that，.. /Therefore ，these findings reveal the following information: ) 3.We should redouble our efforts to build China into a powerful / prosperous/better educated/... ) nation with international prestige. 4. We should do our best in eliminating industrial pollution (fake products/organized crimes/illiteracy/poverty in China...). 5. In a word (In conclusion/To sum up). 6. It is imperative for us to take effective measures to correct the situation ( fight corruption/hold back a tidal wave of crime/terminate excessive exploitation of natural resources/ease water shortages/... ). 7. It is imperative for us to protect wildlife (to eliminate environmental pollution/to fight against organized crimes/to get ride of fake products/to ban drug abuse/to reduce traffic accidents/... )，now， before it is too late. 8. Thus， this is the reason why (As far as... be concerned， I believe that/There is little doubt that / It is obvious that) we must... 9. Mankind must put an end to war (pollution/desertification/wildlife destruction/hegemony/nuclear weapons/...) or war (pollution/... ) will put an end to mankind. 10. It is not what you say ( learn/promise/know/love to do/think you can do/you feel capable of doing/...) but what you do (have done) that really counts. 11. There is no immediate solution to the problem of .... but..， might be helpful. ( None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. ) 12. In the race for quality ( knowledge/excellence/efficiency/creativity/truth/happiness/scientific 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 15 页精品资料欢迎下载exploration/technological innovation/... )，there is no finish line. 13. At best， he does not tell the truth; at worst ， he is not equal to his job. 14. The problem is not the death of one man (that we cannot do it); the problem is the life of this organization (that we hate to do such nasty things). 15. In order to make our world a better place in which to live， we must learn to live in harmony with all wildlife species (stop polluting our environment right away/conscientiously follow family planning). 16. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on... (Taking into account all these factors，we may safely reach the conclusion that... /The result is dependent on... ) 17. In short， (population explosion ， environmental pollution and exhaustion of natural resources) are the major problems to be solved to make our would a better place in which to live. 18. To conclude， carelessness in handling fires， misuse of flammable liquids and abuse of electrical appliances are the three major fire hazards around us (heightened environmental awareness ， changing trade patterns and emerging technology are having an major compact on our economy). 19. Computer (Internet/Integrated circuit/Electricity/Telephone/Television/Plastics/Science and technology/Mobile phones/Cars/Airplane/semiconductors/genetic engineering/... ) revolutionizes our life (industry/economy). 20. Let us work hand in hand to solve these social problems (fight against corruption / hold back a tidal wave of crimes / build China into a powerful nation /...). 21. I want to be a teacher (a doctor/or to do something) not only because... ， but also because... 22. Who is to say that China will not be humiliated again (Chinese scientists may not provide a better theory)? 23. It goes without saying that science and technology constitute the primary productive force (knowledge is something/creativity is everything/cheating never pays/...) 24. The nearer the dawn， the darker the night. (The more.. ， the more. ) 25. Living in harmony with nature (wildlife) has become a part of modern civilization. 26. The state-owned enterprises (The township enterprises) have only two choices: solve these longstanding problems through reforms or go bankrupt. 27. We should not let the golden opportunity slip by， On the contrary ， we should seize any opportunity and face the challenge with confidence ， courage and wisdom. 例句说明1. There is no (predicting/knowing/denying) that...例:There is no predicting that when this situation will become better.2. (clearly/undoubtedly/obviously/consequently)，( good health/education/a good sense/friendship) is (important/of great importance/valuable/worthwhile) for... 例: Clearly ， to be well-educated is of great importance for the change of my current situation. 3. ( For my part/As far as I am concerned/In my mind’ s eye) ， I believe that there is no(simple solution/quick answer/effective method) to the (issue/problem) of .... but... might be (helpful/plausible/practical). 例: As far as I am concerned， I believe that there is no simple solution to that problem ， but taking some advice from professionals might be helpful. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 15 页精品资料欢迎下载4. It is (urgent/necessary/imperative/important) that (measures/steps) be taken to... 例: lt is urgent that steps be taken to prevent people from cutting trees. 5. It is high time that (we/the government/students/people) did... 六、用于论证和说明的常用短语、句型1. As it is described that... 2. It has been illustrated that... 3. It provides a good example of... 4. We may cite another instance of... 5. History may provide us with the examples of. ， . 6. A number of further facts may be added... 7. The situation is not unique ， it is typical of dozens have heard. 8. A recent investigation indicates that... 9. According to the statistics provided... 10. According to a latest study ， it can be predicted.. 11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that... 12. All available evidence points to the fact that... 13. Examples given lead me to conclude that... 14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that... 15. The idea may be proved by facts... 16. All the facts suggest that... 17. No one can deny the fact that... 18. We may face the undeniable fact that... 例句说明1. No one can (deny/ignore) the fact that... 例:No one can deny the fact that our country has the largest population in the world. 2. As can be (seen/suggested) from the above (analysis/explanation).... 例:As can be seen from the above explanation ， there is no doubt that the number of private cars will increase drastically in a few years. 3. Take for example， a (n) (person who/matter that/affair which).... 例 :Take for example， Yangtze River that once had been regarded as one of the cleanest rivers in the world now is serious staminated. 4. It can be (inferred/concluded) that... 例:lt can be inferred that no matter how difficult the situation is， the government will never give up. 5. My(idea/view/belief) may be (proved of/illustrated that/supported by...). 例: My view may be supported by the fact that more and more people are withdrawing from the city to the countryside. 专四写作高招 3 改变句子的长度改变句子的长度英文段落中的各个语句在长度上应该有一定变换，即所谓的长短句之说。

短句子适用于表述概念，陈述事实，增强论述的力度,给人以精炼强调之感；长句子经常用于描写，解释和论精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 15 页精品资料欢迎下载述一个完整的情况,给人以严谨深刻之感一般说来，长句有两种情况，一种是由于结构复杂而形成的长句， 多见于书面语； 还有一种是由简单句扩展而成以使语句表达得更加生动和清楚， 主要出现在口语的表达中英文写作不能一味地使用短句，要尽量使自己的文章的长短句结合， 不要一味地使用短句或一味地使用长句，否则会使人感到句子过于简单或过于晦涩段落中的短句过多，不仅使得段落显得单调，而且使得段落非常零散、内容浅薄如果一旦发现段落中尽是写短句的话，这时就需要将某些简短的语句扩展成比较长的句子语句的扩展主要是在语句的主干上增添修饰成分(如定语、状语等)有些语句适宜用增添修饰成分的方法进行扩展，但增添修饰成分不应有斧凿之痕，应该使原句更加感觉有血有肉1 )You should stop smoking now. 你现在应该戒烟了如要扩展此句，可以这样进行：“You should give up smoking now, for the sake of your own health, for the sake of the health of others, for the sake of your family, and for the sake of the entire world. ”为了你自己的健康，为了他人的健康，为了你的家庭，也为了整个世界，你现在应该戒烟了。

2) Doctors think that an active person should have a restful hobby, while a person who sits at a desk should have a lively hobby. 医生认为爱好活动的人应该有安静型的业余爱好，而伏案工作的人应该有着活动型的业余爱好如要扩展此句， 可以这样来进行： Doctors think that an active person, such as a baseball player or a swimmer, should have a restful hobby such as reading, collections of stamps, dolls, buttons or shells, etc. , while a person who sits at a desk all day, such as a teacher or a doctor should have a lively hobby such as tennis, golf, swimming or skating. 医生认为，像棒球选手或游泳运动员这类爱好活动的人应该有安静型的业余爱好，比如阅读、收藏邮票、收藏布娃娃、收藏钮扣、收藏贝壳等，而整日伏案工作的人如教师或医生，就应该有打网球、打高尔夫球、游泳或者滑冰这类活动型的业余爱好。

3 )A child with a problem will probably go to his friends for sympathy.一个碰到问题的孩子有可能到朋友那里寻求同情如要扩展此句， 可以这样来进行： A child with a problem, then he feels what he will probably get from his parents is incomprehension or criticism, will go instead to his friends for sympathy and advice, leaving the parents totally unaware of the problem he has.一个碰到问题的孩子，当他觉得他从他的父母那里得到的有可能是不理解或者批评的时候，就会去找他的朋友们寻求同情和建议，而其父母对其问题却全然不知4) We can be informed of a lot by reading books. 通过阅读书籍我们可以了解很多东西如要扩展此句， 可以这样来进行： By reading scientific books, we can be informed of many facts; by reading geography, we know the earth ’ s surface, forms, physical features, etc; by reading history, we are told of the growth of the nations.通过阅读科技书籍，我们可以了解许多事实。

通过阅读地理， 我们知道了地球的表面、结构和地貌特征等通过阅读历史，我们了解到世界的发展过程5) We ’ d better to keep company with the true friends. 我们最好和对我们有帮助的朋友交往如要扩展此句，可以这样进行：As friends are both helpful and disastrous, it is better to keep company with the true friends who are helpful, encouraging and loyal, but to avoid those who are 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 15 页精品资料欢迎下载mean, stingy and treacherous.由于既有有助于我们的朋友，也有有害于我们的朋友，因此我们最好和那些对我们有所帮助、有所鼓励和忠实的真正朋友交往，而要避免和那些庸的、吝啬的、奸诈的人交往另外，修辞手段等方法的运用，也是不错的方法总之， 英语的句式是多种多样的，只要从要表达的内容出发合理选用，文章的句式就会富于变化。

同时，在学习写作的过程中，学生应不断练习构造各种各样句式，以提高语言表达能力专四写作高招 2 长短句交插改变一下句子的类型，把简单句、 并列句和复合句混合在一起使用如果句子清一色是简单句，文章必定很单调乏味如果全篇充满了冗长的复杂句，读起来也很费力最好的方法是以简单句为基础，配合适当的并列句和复杂句简单句可长可短，通常要加些附属成分，如分词短语、 介词短语、 副词短语、 不定式动词短语， 以及节缩成分 如下面的一段例文： I have often wondered whether some people ，who had no intention of making a purchase， would take advantage of this privilege ． One day I asked this question to the shop girl ， and I learned it was indeed the case总之， 作者可根据情况，使句子多样化，使文章灵活多姿例如下列五个句子的基本概念一样，但是句式不同，内容重点也有些差别：(1) The goats grazed peacefully in the farm and were unaware of the approaching hunter. (并列分句) (2) Grazing peacefully, the goats in the farm were unaware of the approaching hunter. (现在分语短语 +简单句 ) (3) In the farm, the goats grazed peacefully and were unaware of the approaching hunter. (副词短语+并列分句 ) (4) There were goats grazing peacefully in the farm, unaware of the approaching hunter. (简单句 +形容语短语 ) (5) As the goats grazed peacefully in the farm, they were unaware of the approaching hunter. (原因副词从句 +主句 ) (1)和(5)的句式最常见；如果加上其他三种互相交替，句子不是更多样化吗？我们再来看看下面两个句子要如何多样化？(1) The young pilot was on his first overseas training. (2) He felt very uneasy. (a) The young pilot on his first overseas training felt very uneasy. (b) The young pilot felt very uneasy during his first overseas training. (c) The young pilot's first overseas training made him feel very uneasy. (d) Extreme uneasiness seized the young pilot on his first overseas training. (e) The young pilot was on his first overseas training, feeling very uneasy. (f) It being his first overseas training, the young pilot felt very uneasy. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 15 页精品资料欢迎下载(g) Being on his first overseas training, the young pilot felt very uneasy. (h) The young pilot was on his first overseas training and felt very uneasy. (i) The young pilot, who was on his first overseas training, felt very uneasy. (j) When the young pilot was on his/first overseas training, he felt very uneasy. (k) As the young pilot was on his first overseas training, he felt very uneasy. (l) The young pilot was on his first overseas training, so that he felt very uneasy. 在上述 12 个句子中， (a)-(g)是简单句； (h)是并列句； (i)-(l) 是复杂句。

简单句除 (b)和(g)之外，其他五样，用的人并不多人们最喜欢采用复杂句，尤其是(j) 和(k)这两款；接着便是并列句(h)如果大多数人的句子只限于(b),(g), (h), (j) 和(k)这五种， 而其他的则弃如敝屣，不是很可惜吗？专四写作高招 1:巧用连接词有的学生在作文中使用过多简单句，成了简单句堆砌； 有的写复杂句时， 动辄用 so， and，then，but，or，however，yet 等非但达不到丰富表达方式的目的，反而使句子结构松散、呆板为了避免这种现象，可以通过使用连接词，尤其是一些表示从属关系的连接词，如 who，which，that，because，since，although，after， as，before，when，whenever，if，unless，as if 等，不仅能够丰富句型，而且还能够把思想表达得更清楚，意义更连贯例如：Natural resources are very limited. They will be exhausted in the near future. It is not true. But it becomes a major concern around the world. This is a widely accepted fact. 这段文字用简单句表达，它们之间内在的逻辑关系含糊不清，意思支离破碎。

如果使用连接词，将单句与其前后合并，形成主次关系， 就把一个比较复杂的内容和关系表达得层次清楚、结构严谨例如：It is a widely accepted fact that there is a major concern around the world for the exhaustion of limited natural resources in the near future， though it is unlikely to be true. 再如：The Mississippi River is one of the longest rivers in the world ， and in spring time it often overflows its banks ，and the lives of many people are endangered. 此句用 and把三个分句一贯到底，既乏味又可笑如果使用了关系代词which ，语义就会更连贯，语言也会更流畅：The Mississippi River ， which is one of the longest rivers in the world ， often overflows its banks in the spring time，endangering the lives of many people. 便条写作：一 TEM4 便条的基本要求(一) 格式 (format) 正确TEM4便条的格式与普通英文书信格式基本相同。

具体来说，它应有日期(date)、称呼(saluwfion) 、正文 (body)及 结尾 (ending)，结尾包括结尾套语(complimentary close) 和签名(signature)1． 日期精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 15 页精品资料欢迎下载指写便条的日期英文便条与汉语便条的日期写的地方有别，前者的日期一般写在便条的右上角， 偶尔也见写在便条的左上角，而后者的日期则写在便条的右下角，即写在签名的下面英文日期与汉语日期的写法也有不同，汉语一般先写年，然后再 写月、日，而英文则一般把年份写在月、日的后面另外，英文日期的月、日与年之间通常用逗号隔开例如，2008 年 4 月 21 日通常写成April 21 ，2008 或April 21 st ，2008；当然，由于是非正式书信，也可以去掉年份，写成Ap l 2l 或 April 21st(不过，这种写法，只是最近两年才被TEM4 接受 )，或者写成21／4／2008 或 4／21／2008日期能说明便条的有效度，没有日期，则会使人感到茫然。

2．称呼称呼是指写便条人对收便条人的称谓，一般都以Dear 开头，写在日期下一两行、留出左页边空白，顶格写TEM4 试卷中一般对写便条人与收便条人之间的关系作了提示提示中的“you” 指的是写便条人，提到的另一方便是收便条人称呼时，一般只需在其名字前加Dear 即可，如 Dear Susan，Dear Tom若此人有头衔 (social title) ，称呼时，便要保留其头衔，例如Dr．Herce，要称 Dear Dr ．Pierce，不称 Dear Pierce如果提示中的另一方是以Mrs Wang 或 Mr Wang 出现， 称呼时也只需在其前加Dear 便可，即称 Dear Mrs Wang 或 Dear Mr Wang ，若只称Dear Wang 则视为不妥当对方为亲属时，在 Dear 后面加上表示亲属关系大写的字眼即可，如Dear Grandpa，Dear Aunt 值得一提的是，近年来TEM4 也接受不带 Dear 的称呼称呼后面可用逗号，也可用冒号3．正文2． 正文是写便条人要叙述或谈论的事情，是便条的主要组成部分一般书信是在称呼下方隔两行处开始写正文但就TEM4 便 条而言，一般在称呼的下一行开始写正文便可。

正文的首行左边一般留约4 个字母宽的空白，但也可顶格写便条的内容简单、字数少，因此，正文一般只需写一段或两段若有两段，第二段的首行应与第一段的首行对齐写4．结尾如前所述，结尾包括结尾套语和签名1)结尾套语结尾套语的位置一般是在正文最后一行的下面，从便条的中央部分开始，稍向右缩进开头字母要大写，末尾要用逗号结尾套语为写便条人对收便条人的谦称或客套以示礼貌，措辞的变化按照不同的关系而定现分述如下：① 致不熟悉的人，宜用较庄重的套语，如Yours sincerely，Sincerely yours，或 Sincerely 等② 对上级、长者，除了可用上述较庄重的套语，也可用Yours respectfully 或 Respectfully yours ③ 对一般朋友或熟人可用①中提到的较庄重的套语，也可用 Yours 等较为随便的套语④ 对密友则采用较随便的套语为宜例如，Yours，Love，With love ，Best wishes，Best regards 等等⑤ 对亲属可用下列任何一种：Love，With love ，All my love ，Yours afectionately ，Affectionately yours ，Lovingly yours ，Yours lovingly ，Your loving son(Dad ?) ；但对亲人，不宜用Sincerely 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页，共 15 页精品资料欢迎下载yours~ 由于 TEM4 便条写作一般是针对考生日常生活或学习相关的事情，写作的对象一般是其朋友、老师、熟人，因此，TEM4 通常只接受Yours sincerely，Sincerely yours ，Sincerely，或 Yours这几种结尾套语。

2)签名即写便条人署名，位于结尾套语下，偏右 签名也由写便条人和收便条人的关系和亲疏程度而定有时TEM4 指定了写便条人的名字，签名时应采用那个名字若无指定名字， 考生也不宜用自己的真名 一般只需写名不写姓，但若用了较庄重的结尾套语，此时可签全名二)内容完整一般而言， 一封理想的TEM4 便条应包括以下三点：(1)写便条的原因；(2)要告诉的事情； (3)有关的希望、建议或要求等便条写作提示的情况都是与人们日常生活或学习相关的事情例如，对别人提供的帮助表示感谢，邀请朋友参观书展，因不能准时赴约而表示道歉， 把信息转告给朋友等所提示的内容就是考生要表达的思想内容思想内容有先后之分，要讲究其逻辑性，还得注意其完整性生活中有些约定俗成的东西，写作时，应考虑这方面的因素例如，写道歉信时，一般都先向对方表示歉意或内疚，同时说明发生疏忽、过失、或错误的原因，提出弥补的办法，这样有利于取得对方的谅解现以近年一次英语专业四级考试便条写作为例加以说明：该提示是： Yesterday you failed to turn up for the appointment with your teacher，Professor Wang．Write him a note of apology an d make a request for another meeting．You should also suggest the time for the requested meting．仔细阅读这一提示，你就会发现，第一句为第二旬所要求的道歉确定了内容；为了求得对方的谅解，获得另一次会面的机会，你就必须说明前次未能赴约见面的原因。

因此，本便条的内容必须包括以下四项：(1)apologizing for failure tOturn upforthe appointment，(2)the rea~nforfailuretOturn叩，(3)making a request for another meeting ，(4)suggesting the time for the requested meeting 其中 (3)、(4)为提示中明确要求表达的内容， (1)、(2)则是根据道歉类书信特点而必须表达的内容内容为便条写作的重头戏写作时，切莫忽视提示中的任何信息，同时要关注交际中所需的相关信息当然，在注意提示中的信息时， 特别是首句，要注意用自己正确的语言来表达，不能完全抄提示，否则会扣分三)语言得体内容和语言是一个统一体内容抓住后，应以恰当的语言来表达 一般来说，便条的语言要简单，用词平易当然，语言风格还应与情景一致，不同的对象，所使用的语言应有所不同相对来说，对上级、长者、不熟悉的人的语言较为正式，对亲朋好友的语言则较为随便不过， 不管对方是谁， 行文中都应体现态度诚恳礼貌四)字数符合要求TEM4 便条总字数 (包括日期、称呼、结尾在内)的要求是约 50—60 个字。

尽管在这数字之间还可以少l0 字，或多 20 字，即 40-80 字，不过，还是篇幅适中为好，以免因显得太短或太长而扣分精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 15 页，共 15 页。