初中英语常用词词义及用法辨析.doc

1初中英语常用词词义及用法辨析it is a pleasure 只是说某事是一件令人高兴的事it is my pleasure 是说为你做某事我很高兴，用于回答 thank youabout, on about 与 on 都可以作" 关于"讲，但却有所不同，例如：This book is about physics. 这是一本关于物理学的科普读物This book is on physics. 这是一本物理学方面的专著after, in受中文的影响，这个介词常常被误用当你要表达在一段时间内某个动作可以完成时，一定要用 in，而不能用 after，因为 after 是指在某一时间之后例如：This work will be done in two days. 即表明在两天内这一工作一定会做完而如用了after，即表示在两天之后，完成的时间是不确定的after, behind after 多用于表示顺序的前后，例如：She walked in the line after Tom. 或用来表示"追赶" ，表示一种动态，如：He ran after Mary. 而 behind 多用于强调先进与落后，如：She is much behind the other girls in sewing. 或者用于表达"迟于" ，如：The train was ten minutes behind the time table. 或者与表示静态的动词连用，如：She hid herself behind the flowers.against, for against 意为"反对"、" 不赞成"；而 for 则意为"同意"，为其反意词。

如：Are you for or against the plan?already, yet already 多用于肯定句中，例如：The students have already finished the work. 而 yet 则多用于疑问句与否定句中，如：Have you finished it yet? I haven't finished it yet.also too also 与 too 都可用在肯定句中表示" 也"，但 also 通常用于 be 动词或情态动词之后，如：I can also do it myself. 而 too 一般放于句尾例如:I'll attend his class, too.another, other, the other, the others, others要注意英语中 another, other, the other, the others, others 的不同用法，现分别说明如下： another 作形容词其意为：泛指的另一个或再一个，别的，类似的一般在句中作定语，如: This is not good enough, please show me another one. another还可以作为代词用，如：One student said："I want to play baskball." another said："I want to play football."other 作形容词其意为"泛指其余的，别的" 。

如：I have other books besides these. Ask some other people please. the other 则为特指，作形容词时其后面可接单数或复数名词，如：She has two flowers. One is white, the other one is yellow. (特指，单数)There are fifty students in our class, twenty five are boys, the other students are girls. (特指，复数)但当 the other 作为代词时，它代表的可以是单数，也可以是复数，如：He has a book in one hand, and a pen in the other. (单数)There are some people in the room. Four are girls, the other(复数)are boys. 要注意的是当 the other 作主语时，其后面的谓语动词要视具体情况而定，它可能是单数，也可能是复数others 则只能作代词，其意为 other ones 即为：泛指某些，某一部分人或物，如：Each of us must think of others. the others 只能作为代词，它是特指某一些人或物，如：I know only one or two of the students; the others are unknown to me.answer, replyanswer 与 reply 是近意词，作为及物动词用时有时二者是可以互换的，如：The student answered/replied that he wanted to watch TV. 但在某些特定场合则不易互换。

作为应答之意时则多用 answer，如：You should answer to your name. 2Please answer my letter as soon as possible. Answer my question in English.around, round 作介词用的 around 与 round 通常可以互换，只不过美语常用 around，而英语常用round，例如：You can see the post office round/around that corner.绕过那个弯你就可以看到邮局但是一定要区别它们的不同之处：round 可以用作形容词、副词、介词、动词、名词；而 around 只能用作副词或介词例如：The post office is just round (around) the house (用作介词). He has round face (用作形容词). The river rounded the stones. (用作动词)arrive, reach, get arrive 是不及物动词如：He arrived in London at 7 yesterday morning.reach 则是及物动词。

如：How did you reach the school this morning? get 可用作不及物动词，作" 到达"讲时其后面多与 to 连用如：When did you get to New York?at, in, on 在表示时间时用来表示具体钟点用 at，如：He will be back at six. 表示一天的上、 下午时要用 in,如：I usually get up at six in the morning. 但要注意的是，in the morning 和 in the afternoon 这两个词组中如果加入了任何修饰词，其介词要换为 on，如：on the cold morning, on the hot afternoon.又如：See you on Monday morning. 如讲到具体的某一天，要用 on, 如：on Sunday, 如：I usually want to visit my mother on Sundays. 在谈到周、月、季、年时要用 in，如：All the children will be happy in Easter week. He was born in July. 但要注意在泛指圣诞节、复活节、感恩节时都用 at, 如：Where are you going at Easter.beat, winwin 是胜过之意,它是及物动词，但其后的宾语只能接比赛、战争、奖品、奖金的名称，如：Which team won the football match? beat 指打败对手、敌人……如：My brother beat me at poker.(要注意的是，beat 的过去式与原形相同，而过去分词为 beaten)。

because, because of because 后要接从句，例如：We like physics because we can learn a lot of new ideas. because of 后要接名词作介词宾语，如：He is not at school because of the illness.before, ago用 ago 组成的时间状语其主句中的谓语动词要用过去时，而 before 引起的时间状语其主句中的谓语动词多用完成时，如：I has done this work a few days before.before long, long before before long 是"不久"之意，例如：I shall go to America before long. long before 则是" 很久很久"之意，如：We knew this teacher long before we saw him.我们在看到这位老师之前很久就知道他begin, start begin 与 start 两词后面加不定式或动名词都可以，且意思并无区别，但在表达习惯时接动名词的用法较多，如：How old were you when you first started learning English?但这两个词的进行时态中则多用不定式，如：I was beginning to get hungry. 如果句子的主语是物而不是人，则多用不定式，如：3The ice began to melt. It started to get dark before we got to school. 当动词是表达某种心理状态时，要用不定式，如：The student began to understand his mistakes.below, underunder 意为 "正下方" ，而 below 意为"比……低"，或指"在下游" 。

如：There is a fall below the river. 河的下游有一个瀑布 其反义词为 over，如：There is a big plane flying over the city. 但在"下面的例子 "一表达语中则要用 the example below, 而不要用 under.beside, by, near beside 意为 "在……旁"，如：There is a tall tree beside the river. by 多指"倚、靠 "、"沿着" 之意，如：She is standing by the window. near 多用来表示两地间距离不远，如：There is a post office near our school.borrow, lend, keep英语中有三个词都可译为"借 "，但意义各不相同borrow 是指"借入"，其常用句型结构是 borrow something from somebody，如： I want to borrow some books from the library. 这是个瞬间性动词，不可与表示延续的时间状语连用。

lend 是"借出"，即借给别人东西其常用句型是 lend somebody something, 或 lend something to somebody.如： I can lend you my bike. Could you lend u。