2022年小升初英语语法要点及练习.pdf

小升初英语语法要点及练习1 名词复数规则1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2．以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾，加 -es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3．以 “ 辅音字母 +y” 结尾，变y 为 i, 再加 -es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4．以 “f或 fe ”结尾，变f 或 fe 为 v, 再加 -es， （但有一个特例：roof → roofs ） 如：knife-knives leaf-leaves wife-wives thief-thieves wolf-wolves 5．以 “o”结尾的单词，如果有生命，加-es；如果没有生命，加-s如：①有生命：potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes mango-mangoes hero-heroes Negro- Negroes ②没生命： radio-radios piano-pianos photo-photos zoo-zoos 6．不规则名词的复数变化：（一）完全不规则：man-men policewoman-policewomen woman-women mouse-mice policeman-policemen child-children （二）单数复数词形相同：fish-fish deer-deer sheep-sheep people-people 小练习：写出下列各词的复数I _________him _________this ___________her ______ watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______ day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________ tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____ thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich ______ man______ woman_______ paper_______ juice___________ water________ milk________ rice__________ tea__________ 2 一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍【No. 1】一般现在时的功能foot-feet tooth-teeth Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。

如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作如：I get up at six every day. 我每天六点起床3.表示客观现实如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转No. 2】一般现在时的构成1. be 动词：主语 +be(am,is,are)+其它如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩2.行为动词：主语+行为动词 (+其它 )如：We study English.我们学习英语当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s" 或"-es" 如：Mary likes Chinese. 玛丽喜欢汉语No. 3】一般现在时的变化- 1 - 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 11 页1. be 动词的变化否定句：主语 + be + not +其它如： He is not a worker. 他不是工人一般疑问句： Be +主语 +其它如： -Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I’m not.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。

如：Where is my bike? 2.行为动词的变化否定句：主语 + don’t( doesn ’t ) +动词原形 (+其它 )如：I don ’t like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn’t构成否定句如：He doesn’t often play.一般疑问句： Do( Does ) + 主语 +动词原形 +其它 如： - Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I don’ t.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用 does构成一般疑问句 如： - Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’ t.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句如：How does your father go to work? 3.动词 +s 的变化规则①一般情况下，直接加-s，如： cook-cooks, milk-milks ②以 s. x. sh. ch. o 结尾，加 -es，如： guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes ③以“ 辅音字母 +y” 结尾，变y 为 i, 再加 -es，如： study-studies 一般现在时用法专练: 一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数look _________ ____ __ ___ 二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。

1. He often ________(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One. 3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup? 6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays? 7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _______(like) cooking. 12. They _______(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _______(do) your homework well. 15. I _______(be) ill. I ’m staying in bed. 16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday. - 2 - 17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE. 18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term. 20. －What day _______(be) it today? － It’s Saturday. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 11 页三、按照要求改写句子1. Daniel watches TV every evening.( 改为否定句 ) ___________________________________________________ 2. I do my homework every day.( 改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) _______________________________________________________ 3. She likes milk.( 改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答) ___________________________ 4. Amy likes playing computer games.( 改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) ___________________________________________________ 5. We go to school every morning.( 改为否定句 ) _______________________________________________________ 6. He speaks English very well.( 改为否定句 ) ___________________________________________________ 7. I like taking photos in the park.( 对划线部分提问) _______________________________________________________ 8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问) ___________________________________________________ 9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) _______________________________________________________ 10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.( 改为否定句 ) ___________________________________________________ 四、改错 (划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上) 1. Is your brother speak English? __________________ 2. Does he likes going fishing? __________________ 3. He likes play games after class. __________________ 4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. __________________ 5. She don’t do her homework on Sundays. _________________ 3 现在进行时1．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。

2．现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词 ing. 3．现在进行时的否定句在be 后加 not4．现在进行时的一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首5．①现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：- 3 - 疑问词 + be + 主语+ 动词 ing? 如： What are you doing? ②但疑问词当主语时其结构为：疑问词 + be + 动词 ing? 如： Who is singing over there? 【动词加ing 的变化规则】1．一般情况下，直接加ing，如： cook-cooking 2．以不发音的e 结尾，去e 加 ing，如： make-making, taste-tasting 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 11 页3． 如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母， 再加 ing， 如： run-running, stop-stopping, sit-sitting,get-getting,forget-forgetting,begin-beginning 现在进行时专项练习：一、写出下列动词的现在分词：play________ go_________ read________ put_________ live_______ stop________ run_________like________ have________ see________ take________sit ________ swim _______ write________sing ________ buy_________ come _______ begin_______ make_______ ski_________ dance_______ love________ get_________ shop________ 二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now? 5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson . 6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now. 7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom . 8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music. 9. It’s 5 o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now 10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is . 三、句型转换：1. They are doing housework .( 分别改成一般疑问句和否定句) 2．The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答) 3．I’ m playing the football in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问) _______________________________________________________ 4．Tom is reading books in his study . ( 对划线部分进行提问) _______________________________________________________ 4 一般将来时- 4 - 一、概念： 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

句中一般有以下时间状语： tomorrow, next day(week, month, year,),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等二、基本结构：①be going to + do；②will+ do. 三、否定句：在be 动词（ am, is, are）l 后加 not 或情态动词will 后加 not 成 won’t例如：I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon. 四、一般疑问句：be或 will 提到句首， some 改为 any, and改为 or，第一二人称互换例如： We are going to go on an outing this weekend. → Are you going to go on an outing this weekend? 五、对划线部分提问一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况1. 问人 Who 例如： I’m going to New York soon. → Who’s going to New York soon. 2. 问干什么。

What , do. 例如：My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 11 页→ What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.3. 问什么时候 When.例如：She’ s going to go to bed at nine. → When is she going to bed?六、同义句： be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天） . = I will go swimming tomorrow. 练习：填空1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends. I ________ have a picnic with my friends. 2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。

What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday? I _______ ______ _____ play basketball. What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball. 3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果 your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________? Yes, she _________. She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit. 4. 你们打算什么时候见面What time _______ you _________ __________ meet? 改句子5. Nancy is going to go camping. （改否定）Nancy ________ going to go camping. 6. I’ll go and join them. （改否定）I _______ go ______ join them. 7. I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow. （改一般疑问句）________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow? 8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30. （改一般疑问句）_______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30. 9. She is going to listen to music after school. （对划线部分提问）- 5 - ________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school? 10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.( 同上 ) _________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow. 用所给词的适当形式填空。

11. Today is a sunny day. We ___________________ (have) a picnic this afternoon. 12. My brother _______________ (go) to Shanghai next week. 13. Tom often ______________(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He ______________ (go) to school by bike. 14. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually __________ (watch) TV and ____________(catch) insects? 15. It’s Friday today. What _____she _________ (do) this weekend? She ______________ (watch) TV and _____________ (catch) insects. 16. What ___________ (d0) you do last Sunday? I ____________ (pick) apples on a farm. What ______________ (do) next Sunday? I ______________ (milk) cows. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 11 页17. Mary ____________ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow. 18. Liu Tao ____________ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday. 19. David ______________ (give) a puppet show next Monday. 20. I ________________ (plan) for my study now 5 一般过去时Part A 1．一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。

一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢2．Be 动词在一般过去时中的变化：⑴am 和 is 在一般过去时中变为was （was not=wasn’t）⑵are 在一般过去时中变为were （were not=weren’t）⑶带有 was 或 were 的句子， 其否定、 疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was 或 were后加 not，一般疑问句把was 或 were 调到句首3．句中没有be 动词的一般过去时的句子否定句： didn’t +动词原形，如：Jim didn’t go home yesterday. 一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形如： Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句：⑴疑问词+did+ 主语 +动词原形？如：What did Jim do yesterday? ⑵疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如： Who went to home yesterday? 动词过去式变化规则：1．一般在动词末尾加-ed，如： pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2．结尾是e 加 d，如： taste-tasted 3．末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加 -ed，- 6 - 如： stop-stopped 4．以 “ 辅音字母 +y” 结尾的，变y 为 i， 再加 -ed，如： study-studied 5．不规则动词过去式：am,is-was, give-gave, eat-ate, make-made, fly-flew, are-were, get-got, take-took, read-read, ride-rode, do-did, go-went, run-ran, write-wrote, see-saw, come-came, sing-sang, draw-drew, say-said, have-had, put-put, drink-drank, 一般过去时练习写出下列动词的过去式is\am_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________ drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________ does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____ taste_________ eat__________ draw________ put ______ throw________ kick_________ pass_______ do ________ Be 动词的过去时练习（1）一、用 be 动词的适当形式填空精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 11 页1. I _______ at school just now. 2. He ________ at the camp last week. 3. We ________ students two years ago. 4. They ________ on the farm a moment ago. 5. Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year. 6. There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday. 7. There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday. 8. The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening. 二、句型转换1. It was exciting. 否 定 句 ： ________________________________________________ 一 般 疑 问 句 ：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 2. All the students were very excited. 否 定 句 ： ________________________________________________ 一 般 疑 问 句 ：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 3. They were in his pocket. 否 定 句 ： ________________________________________________ 一 般 疑 问 句 ：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ Be 动词的过去时练习（2）- 7 - sit-sat speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, 一、用 be 动词的适当形式填空1. I ______ an English teacher now. 2. She _______ happy yesterday. 3. They _______ glad to see each other last month. 4. Helen and Nancy ________ good friends. 5. The little dog _____ two years old this year. 6. Look, there ________ lots of grapes here. 7. There ________ a sign on the chair on Monday.. 8. Today _____ the second of June. Yesterday ______ the first of June. It _____ Children ’ s Day. All the students ______ very excited. 二、句型转换1. There was a car in front of the house just now. 否定句： ________________________________________________ 一般疑问句： ____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 三、中译英1．我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边。

2．他们的外套上个礼拜放在卧室里了 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 11 页3．一会以前花园里有两只小鸟 行为动词的过去时练习（1）一、用行为动词的适当形式填空1. He _________ (live) in Wuxi two years ago. 2. The cat ________ (eat) a bird last night. 3. We _______ (have) a party last Halloween. 4. Nancy ________ (pick) up oranges on the farm last week. 5. I ________ (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday. 6. They ________ (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson. 7. My mother _______ (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival. 8. The girls ________ (sing) and _______ (dance) at the party. 二、句型转换1. Su Hai took some photos at the Sports day. 否定句： ________________________________________________ 一般疑问句： ____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 2. Nancy went to school early. - 8 - 否定句： ________________________________________________ 一般疑问句： ____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 3. We sang some English songs. 否定句： ________________________________________________ 一般疑问句： ____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 行为动词的过去时练习（2）一、用 be 动词的适当形式填空1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday. 2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night. 3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go) 4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival? 5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______. 6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday. 7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______. 8. What_____she_______(find) in the garden last morning? She_________(find) a beautiful butterfly. 二、句型转换1. They played football in the playground. 否定句： ________________________________________________ 一般疑问句： ____________________________________________ 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 11 页肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 三、中译英1. 格林先生去年住在中国。

2. 昨天我们参观了农场 3. 他刚才在找他的 一般过去时Part B 一、用动词的适当形式填空1. It ______ (be) Ben ’s birthday last Friday. 2. We all ______ (have) a good time last night. 3. He ________ (jump) high on last Sports Day. 4. Helen ________ (milk) a cow on Friday. 5. She likes ______ newspapers, but she ______ a book yesterday. (read) 6. He _______ football now, but they _______ basketball just now. (play) 7. Jim’s mother _________ (plant) trees just now. - 9 - 8. _______ they ________ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _____. 9. I _______ (watch) a cartoon on Monday. 10. We ___________ (go) to school on Sunday. 二、中译英1. 我们上周五看了一部电影。

2. 他上个中秋节走亲访友了吗？是的 3. 你们上个儿童节做了什么？我们参观了动物园 4. 你上周在哪儿?在野营基地 6 形容词和副词的比较级一、形容词的比较级1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词 than比较级前面可以用more, a little 来修饰表示程度than 后的人称代词用主格（口语中可用宾格） 2．形容词加er 的规则：⑴一般在词尾加er ；⑵以字母e 结尾，加r ；⑶以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er ；⑷以 “ 辅音字母 +y” 结尾，先把y 变 i，再加 er 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 11 页3．不规则形容词比较级：good-better, beautiful-more beautiful （多音节前加more,most）二、副词的比较级1．形容词与副词的区别(有 be 用形，有形用be；有动用副，有副用动) ⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2． 副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化： well-better, far-farther) 练习一 )、 写 出 下 列 形 容 词 或 副 词 的 比 较 级____ __ __ fast________ _____________ late__________ ____ early_________ __ far_________ ____ 二)、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：- 10 - 1. My brother is two years __________(old)than me. 2. Tom is as ________(fat) as Jim. 3. Is your sister __________(young) than you? Yes,she is. 4. Who is ___________(thin),you or Helen? Helen is. 5. Whose pencil-box is __________(big),yours or hers? Hers is. 6. Mary’s hair is as __________(long) as Lucy ’s. 7.Ben ______ (jump) ________ (high) than some of the boys in his class. 8.________ Nancy sing __________ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _____. 9.Fangfang is not as _________ (tall) as the other girls. 10.My eyes are __________(big) than ________ (she).. 11.Which is ___________(heavy),the elephant or the pig? 12.Who gets up _________(early),Tim or Tom? 13._____the girls get up_______(early) than the boys?No,they______. 14. Jim runs _____(slow). But Ben runs _____(slow). 15.The child doesn’t______(write) as ____(fast) as the students. 三)、翻译句子：1、谁比 Jim 年纪大？是你。

is _________than Jim？________ are 2、谁比 David 更强壮？是Gao Shan. ________ _________ than David? Gao Shan ________. 3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的 pencil is _________,______or________ ？________is,I think. 4、谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？我的弟弟的 apples ________ ________,your _______ or your _______? My ____________ ___________. 5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的 ________as _________as your uncle?Yes,I am. 6、他和他的朋友Jim 一样年轻He _______ as __________ as ________ ________ Jim. 7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗？不，她比他瘦 ________ as _________ as______ twin _______? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 11 页No, _________ _________ than him. 8.Yang Ling 每天睡得比SuYang 晚。

Yang Ling ________ to _______ ________ than Su Yang every day. 9.我跳得和Mike 一样远I _________ as _______ as Mike. 10.Tom 比你跑得快吗？不是的,他和我跑得一样快 Tom _____ _____ than you?No,he _______. He_____ as_____ as_____. 11.多做运动，你会更强壮 11 - ________ more exercise,you’ll ________ _________ soon. 12.我的科学很好，但是语文不好I ______ ________ at Science.But I don ’t _________ well in Chinese. 13. 你放风筝比王兵放得高吗？不，我比他放得低you_______the kite_____than Wang bing?No,I______it _____than___. 14.我喜欢游泳我所有的朋友都游得比我慢I like_______.All my______ _______ _______than me. 15.我的姐姐起得比我早。

My_____ _____ up _____than me. 16.女孩比男孩唱得好吗？是的the girls______ ______ ______the boys? Yes,they ____. 17.她不擅长体育但我跳得没有她高She doesn’t ____ _____ in PE. But I don ’t ______ _____than_____. 18.你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗？不，他们踢得和我一样好 you ____football _____than your classmates?No,they____as____as me. 19．我母亲比我父亲年纪小My_____ _____ ______than my ______. 20.她的毛衣和我的一样重sweater_____ as_______as_____. 21.我的连衣裙太短了我想买一条大点的My dress_____ too_____. I want to _____a______one. 22. I’ m taller than Mike .(改成用原级的比较) I’ m _________ as ________ as Mike.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 11 页。