新剑桥商务英语(高级)习题答案.doc

English for Business Studies Key to Unit 01: The three sectors of the economyThis unit covers a lot of basic vocabulary concerning developed economies much of it in an extract from a well-known British novel. It also discusses the evolution of the economy of most of the older industrialized countries, with the decline of manufacturing industry and its replacement by services. There is an extract from a magazine interview with an economist and an interview with a British Member of Parliament on this issue. 1a Vocabulary p09Identify the most prominent features in this photograph, which illustrates various important elements of the infrastructure of a modern industrialized country.The photo clearly shows a large factory (the Unilever factory in Warrington, England) in the center, with more factories, industrial units, or warehouses in the top right-hand corner. The large factory seems to include some office buildings. Also visible are agricultural land (in the background; the land in the foreground doesn’t appear to be cultivated), a river, a railway and several roads, and housing, perhaps with a school in the center of the housing estate top left.1b Reading p10What is the key point that this extract is making about economies?The text suggests that most people take for granted the amazing complexity of the economic infrastructure.1c Comprehension p111.In lines 4-7, Robyn sees examples of all three. What are they?Tiny fields (the primary sector), factories (the secondary sector), and railways, motorways, shops, offices, and schools (the tertiary sector).2.The long sentence from lines 12-28 lists a large number of operations belonging to the different sectors of the economy. Classify the 18 activities from the passagePrimary sector: digging iron ore, mining coal.Secondary sector: assembling, building, cutting metal, laying cables, milling metal, smelting iron, welding metal.Tertiary sector: advertising products, calculating prices, distributing added value, maintenance, marketing products, packaging products, pumping oil, transportation.3.Can you think of three important activities to add to each list (not necessarily in relation to the kettle)?Primary sector: farming (agriculture), fishing and forestrySecondary sector: manufacturing, transforming and processingTertiary sector: financing, designing, retailing2a Reading p121.Why do people worry about the decline of manufacturing?Because they think it will lead to unemployment.2.Which activities are as important as the production of goods?Designing goods, persuading people to buy them; arts and entertainment.3.Should people worry about this state of affairs?No, because it is a natural, progressive and inevitable development.2b Listening p13Listen to a short interview with Denis MacShane, a British Member of Parliament for the Labor Party. Does he hold the same view as J. K. Galbraith?Denis MacShane quite clearly disagrees with Galbraith.1.Why does MacShane think that manufacturing has a future?Because there are many new products that have to be invented to serve new needs.2.Why does MacShane think that manufacturing has a future in the advanced countries?Because these countries have production technology that requires very little labor input.3.Why, however, is this manufacturing unlikely to solve the problem of unemployment?Precisely because it requires very little labor input.4.What does MacShane mean by ‘in theory there should be no more manufacturing’ in Switzerland? (It is this theory that makes many people argue that manufacturing must move to ‘less-developed’ countries.)The conventional theory is that the most important cost in manufacturing is labor, and wages and salaries in Switzerland are the highest in the world. (As is the cost of living!)5.Why does he say it is surprising for a British company to be buying Swiss goods?Because the pound sterling has, over the years, lost a great deal of value against foreign currencies, especially the Swiss franc.6.What is the reason he gives for the United States still being the richest nation in the world?It has a successful manufacturing economy, including its computer and car (automobile) industries.7.Match up the following expressions and definitions:1.to convert itself. B/ to change from one thing to another2.to serve needs D/ to satisfy people’s desires or requirements3.Labor input A/ manual work4.to stumble on E/ to discover something by accident5.to be dubious C/ to be uncertain, disbelieving2c Writing p13Summarize both Gallbraith’s and MacShane’s arguments in a short paragraph of fewer then 50 words.A POSSIBLE SUMMARY Galbraith says that manufacturing industry will inevitably decline in the advanced industrial countries, and be replaced by design, advertising, entertainment, and so on. MaShane says that manufacturing will change, and make new products with new technol。