中考英语学习常见错误.pdf

中考英语学习常见错误a［ 误］I think it is an useful English dictionary.［ 正］I think it is a useful English dictionary.［ 析］在不定冠词a 与 an的用法中要注意的一点是：an用在以元音开头的词之前; 而a 则用在以辅音开头的词之前" 要特别注意的是以u 字母打头的单词,如 useful, university等，其第一个音标是［ j］ ,所以要特别予以注意［ 误］I need a hour to finish this letter.［ 正］I need an hour to finish this letter.［ 析］要注意hour和 honest的第一个字母不发音［ 误］My teacher is a unknown man, but he is a very good man.［ 正］ My teacher is an unknown man, but he is a very good man.［ 析］要注意以u 打头的单词，它的发音为［ ］ 时，单数名词前要用an, 如uncle 等。

［ 误］There is a in the word "football” .［ 正］There is an 〃 f 〃 in the word "football” .［ 析］英文字母单独使用时，如其第一个发音是元音时，其前面的不定冠词应该用an而不是a.［ 误］I have a little brother. He is a 8 year old boy.［ 正］I have a little brother. He is an 8 year old boy.［ 析］要注意这些字母的第一个发音为元音，如 eight, eleven等able［ 误］This bike is able to be repaired.［ 正］This bike can be repaired.［ 析］be able t o 主要表达某事或某人具有某种能力去作某事，应译为' ' 有本领〃、〃有能力〃、〃可以〃作某事，如 : r m able to swim across this river.而 can可. 以用来表示具有接受能力或吸收能力 如： This radio can be repairedhere.about［ 误］This class is about to begin just now.［ 正］This class is about to begin.［ 析］要注意be about t o 是〃将要〃的意思，含有将来时之意，不要与表示过去时的时间状语连用。

另外，be about to 一般用作书面语，对应的口语是be going to.about / onabout与on都可以作“ 关于〃讲, 但却有所不同，例如：This book is aboutphysics.应译为〃这是一本关于物理学的科普读物〃 而 ：This book is onphysics . 则应译为〃这是一本物理学方面的专著above［ 误］The temperature is five degrees over zero.［ 正］The temperature is five degrees above zero.［ 析］表达〃在 上方〃时, above与 over是可以互换的，如：The sky isabove (or over) our heads, 但是要表达在垂直方向上的上方时则应用above不可用 over, 如：The sun has risen above the horizon.［ 误］There is often thick cloud above the South of China in summer.［ 正］There is often thick cloud over the South of China in summer.［ 析］当表达覆盖之意时，只可用over而不能用above.［ 误］There is a bridge above the river.［ 正］There is a bridge over the river.［ 析］用来表达〃从 上方越过〃口寸不能用above只能用over, 如: The planeflew over the city. 但要注意 There is waterfall above the bridge. 贝应译为〃在桥的上游有一个瀑布。

〃across［ 误］He ran across the wood.［ 正］He ran through the wood.［ 析］across是指某一动作在一平面内进行，而 through则是指该动作在一三维立体空间的运动过程如：The man came in through the window. He walkedacross the square.acrossacross的主要用法有两个 其一，意为〃对面如： There is a school justacross the street.其二，意为〃横过〃，如：He walked across the street.afraid［ 误］I dont，t afraid of him.［ 正］I am not afraid of him.［ 析］要注意〃害怕〃afraid一词在英语中不是动词，而是形容词，要与be动词连用after［ 误］Two weeks after he left.［ 正］Two weeks later he left.［ 正］He left after two weeks.［ 析］要表达〃在多少时间之后〃，英语中有两种表达法，即：用 later时，要时间在前，如 three hours later;而用after时要时间在后，如 after threehours.［ 误］My father will be back after a few hours.［ 正］ My father will be back in a few hours.［ 析］受中文的影响，这个介词常常被误用。

当你要表达在一段时间内某个动作可以完成时，一定要用in, 而不能用after, 因为after是指在某一时间之后例如：This work will be done in two days.即表明在两天内这一工作一定会做完而如用了 after, 即表示在两天之后，完成的时间是不确定的after / behindafter多用于表示顺序的前后，如：She walked in the line after Tom.或用来表示〃追赶〃，表示一种动态，如：He ran after Mary.而 behind多用于强调先进与落后，如：She is much behind the other girls in sewing.或者用于表达〃迟于〃, 如：The train was ten minutes behind the time table. 或者与表示静态的动词连用，如：She hid herself behind the flowers.afternoon［ 误］He worked very hard in a hot afternoon.［ 正］He worked very hard on a hot afternoon.［ 析］习惯用的词组in the afternoon, 如果加入任何修饰词后其前面的介词 in都要改为on, 不论其修饰词在前还是在后，如：He swam in this river onthe afternoon of June 1st. 又如：Are you free on Sunday afternoon?against［ 误］He against me.［ 正］He is against me.［ 析］要注意against意为〃反对〃，但它在英文中却不是动词，而是介词，如要讲反对某事或某人时则要加动词be, 如：He is againstsomebody/something.against foragainst意为〃反对〃、〃不赞成〃; 而for则意为〃同意〃，为其反意词。

如：Are you for or against the plan?age［ 误］He is twenty years old of age.［ 正］He is twenty.［ 正］He is twenty years old.［ 正］He is at the age of twenty.ago［ 误］Tom，s father has been dead five years ago.［ 正］Tom，s father died five years ago.［ 析］ago意为由说话时算起，若干时间以前它只能和一般动词过去时连用，而不要与完成时连用［ 误］ Yesterday I met a friend. We didn，t see each other for a longtime since we left the college twenty years ago.［ 正］Yesterday I met a friend. We hadn't seen each other for a longtime since we left the college twenty years ago.［ 析］要注意的是在本句是ag。

是用在由since引起的从句之中，只是从句应用过去时，但不影响主句的时态agree［ 误］Does the teacher agree to us?［ 正］Does the teacher agree with us?［ 误］Does he agree with our plan?［ 正］Does he agree with us?［ 析］agree with指〃同意某人的提议、建议、计戈『等如果要讲同意某项计划则要用 agree to, 如：Do you agree to the plan?all［ 误］The old man has two sons. All of them are workers.［ 正］The old man has two sons. Both of them are workers.［ 析1 all是指三者或以上的全部，而both则是指〃两者都〃［ 误］The all children are playing football now.［ 正］All the children are playing football now.［ 析1 all作修饰词时其位置耍在所有的修饰词之前，不论这些修饰词是定冠词、指示代词、形容词或名词，或代词的所有格。

［ 误］You all are right.［ IE］ You are all right.［ 析］all作同位语时其位置要置于be动词之后，实意动词之前，如：Theteachers all work hard.或用于第一助动词之后，如：The boys have all beenwaiting for their mothers.almost［ 误］ Nearly nobody thinks he is right.［ 正］Almost nobody thinks he is right.［ 析］nearly与 almost是近意词，其含意差别不大，但是与否定词连用时要用 almost, 例如：She brought almost no money with her.此句中的 almost不能用nearly替换alone［ 误］The old man lived lone but he didn，t feel lonely.［ 正］The old man lived alone, but he didn，t feel lonely.［ 析］alone, lone, lonely三个词全具有〃孤单、孤独〃之意。

但其用法不同：lone可以作定语, 而alone则只能作表语，lonely则多指感情上与感觉上的孤独already［ 误］We are already for the work.［ 正］We are all ready for the work.［ 析］already 是副词, 其意为〃已经〃，如：He already knew about it.而all ready为形容词意为〃准备好〃already / yetalready 多用于肯定句中，例如：The students have already finished thework.而 yet则多用于疑问句与否定句中，如：Have you finished it yet? Ihaven，t finished it yet.also［ 误］I didn't find the dictionary also.［ 正］I didn，t find the dictionary either.［ 析］作为〃也〃讲，在否定句中要用either而不能用also.also / tooalso与 too都可用在肯定句中表示〃也〃，但 also通常用于be动词或情态动词之后，如：I can also do it myself.而 too一般放于句尾。

I'll attendhis class, too.always［ 误］ Always he asked himself why he had come here.［ 正］He always asked himself why he had come here.［ 析］always一般不能用于句首，它在一般句中的位置是于动词之前第一助动词之后，如 : r ve always thought he is honest. 又如: He is always late.among［ 误］If the three apples are divided among the two boys how much willeach receive?［ 正］If the three apples are divided among the three boys how muchwill each receive?［ 析］among常用于三个事物或人物之间，而 between则多用于两者之间an［ 误］This is an useful dictionary.［ 正］This is a useful dictionary.［ 析］详见a 条。

and［ 误］He did not speak loudly and clearly.［ 正］ He did not speak loudly nor clearly.［ 误］Our school is not in New York and Chicago, but in Boston.［ 正］ Our school is not in New York or Chicago, but in Boston.［ 析］〃和〃这一•概念在肯定句中应用and, 但在否定句中则要用orangry［ 误］My mother was angry to me.［ 正］My mother was angry with me.［ 误］He was angry with what I said.［ 正］He was angry at what I said.［ 析］要注意be angry后面如果接人，表示〃对某人生气不满〃时应用beangry with somebody.但要接事物时要用 be angry at something.another［ 误］I have two sisters, one in America and another in English.［ 正］I have two sisters, one in America and the other in English.［ 析］要注意英语中 another, other, the other, the others, others 的不同用法， 现分别说明如下： another作形容词其意为： 泛指的另一个或再一个,别的, 类似的。

一般在句中作定语，如： This is not good enough, please showme another one. another 还可 以作为代词用，如：One student said： wantto play baskball. ''another said： 〃 I want to play football. z / other 作形容词其意为〃泛指其余的, 别的〃如：I have other books besides these.又如：Ask some other people please, the other则为特指，作形容词时其后面可接单数或复数名词，如：She has two flowers. One is white, the other oneis yellow.（ 特指，单数） 又如：There are fifty students in our class, twentyfive are boys, the other students are girls.（ 特指， 复数） 但当 the other作为代词时，它代表的可以是单数，也可以是复数，如：He has a book in onehand, and a pen in the other.（ 单数） 又如：There are some people in theroom. Four are girls, the other （ 复数） are boys.要注意的是当 the other作主语时， 其后面的谓语动词要视具体情况而定， 它可能是单数， 也可能是复数。

others则只能作代词，其意为other ones即为：泛指某些，某一部分人或物，如：Each of us must think of others.而 the others 只能作为代词, 它是特指某一些人或物, 如：I know only one or two of the students; the othersare unknown to me.answer［ 误］Someone is knocking at the door. Please reply the door bell.［ 正］Someone is knocking at the door, Please answer the door bell.［ 析］ answer与 reply是近意词， 作为及物动词用时有时二者是可以互换的，如：The student answered/replied that he wanted to watch TV.但在某些特定场合则不易互换作为应答之意时则多用answer, 如：You should answerto your name. Please answer my letter as soon as possible. Answer myquestion in English.any［ 误］Do you have some questions?［ 正］Do you have any questions?［ 析］some一般要用于肯定句，而 any则用于否定句或疑问句。

［ 误］China is larger than any other countries in Asia.［ 正］China is larger than any other country in Asia.［ 析］要注意any other其后要跟单数名词，但 any of the other其后要接复数名词 China is larger than any of the other countries in Asia.［ 误］Here are some books; you can choose anyone of these.［ 正］Here are some books; you can choose any one of these.［ 析］anyone只能指人，而 any one即可指人 也可以指物around［ 误］The nine planets go around of the sun.［ IE］ The nine planets go around the sun.［ 析］around 后面不要再加介词, 如：The sun shines all around us.around round作介词用的around与 round通常可以互换，只不过美语常用around, 而英语常用 round, 例如：You can see the post office round/around that corner.（ 绕过那个弯你就可以看到邮局。

但是一定要区别它们的不同之处：round可以用作形容词、副词、介词、动词、名词; 而around只能用作副词或介词例如：The post office is just round （ around） the house （ 用作介词） .He has roundface （ 用作形容词） .The river rounded the stones.（ 用作动词）arrive［ 误］I arrived Beijing the day before yesterday.［ 正］I arrived in Beijing the day before yesterday.［ 正］I reached Beijing the day before yesterday.［ 误］He arrived in the school at 11 I 00.［ 正］He arrived at the school at 11 I 00.［ 析1 arrive为不及物动词，当到达的是较大的地理区域时用介词in, 而到达较小的地方时则用 at, 如：arrive in New York, arrive at the village.arrive reach getarrive如上所述是不及物动词，而 reach则是及物动词。

如：How did youreach the school this morning?而 get可用作不及物动词, 作〃到达〃讲时其后面多与 to 连用如：When did you get to New York?as［ 误］This man works in the bank for a manager.［ 正］This man works in the bank as a manager.［ 析］as与 for有时是可以通用的如：This room is used as (for) aclassroom.但是用来指官衔、职位时只能用as.［ 误］My brother is so taller as Tom.［ 正］My brother is as tall as Tom.［ 析］as… as之间只能用形容词与副词的原级，而不能用比较级在否定句中可以用so…as, 也可以用as…as, 但在肯定句中只能用as…as, 如：He isnot so tall as Tom.［ 误］ r 11 give him the note as soon as he will come.［ 正］ r 11 give him the note as soon as he comes.［ 析］as soon as所引导的状语从句中应使用一般时态表示将来。

ask［ 误］The student asked a question to the teacher.［ 正］The student asked the teacher a question.［ 析］ask 应接双宾语，即 ask somebody something.［ 误］They asked some books.［ 正］They asked for some books.［ 析］向某人要求某物时应用ask somebody for something或 ask forsomething from somebody, 如：He asked his mother for some money. 或 Heasked for some money from his mother.asleep［ 误］He is deeply asleep.［ 正］He is fast asleep.［ 析］要讲〃熟睡〃，就要用fast来修饰asleep另外， 在英语中一般不讲somebody is sleeping而要用asleep关于睡觉这一词的惯用法还有：go tosleep( 如：The old man usually goes to sleep at ten.), fall asleep( 如：I fell asleep at English class yes terday.)at［ 误］It will really do you no harm quite.［ 正］It will really do you no harm at all.［ 析］at all和 quite的汉语意思均为〃全然〃、〃确定的〃，但 at all适用于否定句，例如：-I'm sorry. I'm late.-No trouble at all.又 如 : I don't think it is right at all.而 quite则适用于肯定句，例如：He is quite a good teacher.［ 误］The children play football for lunch.［ 正］The children play football at lunch.［ 析］英语中的at lunch为〃在吃午饭时〃。

这种惯用法还有at work（ 在工作） ，at table（ 在吃饭） ，at desk（ 在学习） 而 for lunch则是为午饭而准备的食物，又如：We had some milk for breakfast.［ 误］There is a post office in the corner of the street.［ 正］There is a post office at the corner of the street.［ 析］at the corner是指墙外面的角，而 in the corner是指建筑物内部的角落例如：There is a computer in the corner of the room. There is astreet lamp at the corner of the street.at in on在表示时间时用来表示具体钟点用at, 如：He will be back at six.表示一天的上、 下午时要用 in, 如：I usually get up at six in the morning.但要注意的是，in the morning和 in the afternoon这两个词组中如果加入了任何修饰词， 其介词要换为 on, 如： on the cold morning, on the hot afternoon.又如： See you on Monday morning.如讲到具体的某一天， 要用on, 如： on Sunday,如：I usually want to visit my mother on Sundays.在谈到周、月、季、年时要用 in, 如：All the children will be happy in Easter week. He was bornin July.但要注意在泛指圣诞节、 复活节、 感恩节时都用at, 如： Where are yougoing at Easter.back［ 误］r m sorry. I have to back home.［ 正］ r m sorry. I have to go back home.［ IE］ r m sorry. I have to go home.［ 析1 back用作〃回到（ 某处） 〃之意，不是动词。

be［ 误］Where do you from?［ 正］Where are you from?［ 析］〃你从何处来” 应为 Where are you from?或 Where do you come from?但要注意这两句话均是问对方从哪个国家来的要是口语中问〃你是从什么地方来？ 〃 应 讲 Where did you come from?回答用 I came from the library.beat［ 误］ We have won your class.［ 正］We have beaten your class.［ 正］ We have won the game.［ 析］win是胜过之意，它是及物动词，但其后的宾语只能接比赛、战争、奖品、奖金的名称，如：Which team won the football match?而 beat指打败对手、敌人. . .如：My brother beat me at poker.（ 要注意的是, beat的过去式与原形相同，而过去分词为beaten） ［ 误］The ball beat me badly.［ 正］The ball hit me badly.［ 误］He used to hit the little boy black and blue.［ 正］He used to beat the little boy black and blue.［ 析］beat指打击多次，而 hit则为击中对方的一次性打击。

beautiful［ 误］He is a beautiful boy.［ 正］H e i s a hands ome boy .［ 析］我彳门可以讲 She i s a beau t i fu l gi r l . Thi s i s a beau t i fu l par k .但要讲男人的〃英俊〃时要用hands ome.because［ 误］The r eas on［ 正］The r eas onw hy I w as l at e i s becau s e I w as i l l .w hy I w as l at e i s t hat I w as i l l .B ecau s e i tw as Su nday , s o t he par k w as cr ow ded.［ 正］B ecau s e i tSu nday t he par k w as cr ow ded.［ 析］这种错误是因为中文的习惯与英语的表述法不同，中文常讲我来晚了的原因是因为我病了，而英文中的第二个因为要用t hat代替又因中文常讲因为……所以……， 而英文中用了因为就不能再用所以了，同样用了〃所以〃也就不要再用〃因为〃 一 词。

例如：B ecau s e w e s t u dy har d, w e pas s ed t he ex am eas i l y .或者：We s t u dy har d s o w e pas s ed t he ex am eas i l y .because because ofbecau s e 后要接从句， 例如：We l i k e phy s i cs becau s e w e can l ear n a l otof new i deas .而 becau s e of 后要接名词作介词宾语，如：H e i s not at s choolbecau s e of t he i l l nes s .before［ 误］ We hav e t w o hou r s t o k i l l befor e w e w i l l go home.［ I E ］ We hav e t w o hou r s t o k i l l befor e w e go home.［ 析］k i l l t i me意为〃消磨时光〃英语状语从句中要用〜 般现在时表示将来的动作。

如：I f i t r ai ns w e w i l lnot go t o t he par k .［ 误］I di d t hi s w or k t w o day s befor e.［ 正］I di d t hi s w or k t w o day s ago.［ 析］用 ago组成的时间状语其主句中的谓语动词要用过去时, 而 before引起的时间状语其主句中的谓语动词多用完成时，如：I has done this work a fewdays before.before long long beforebefore long 是〃不久〃之意，例如：I shall go to America before long.而 long before 则是〃很久很久〃之意，如 : We knew this teacher long beforewe saw him.（ 我们在看到这位老师之前很久就知道他了begin［ 误］The meeting will begin from Monday.［ 正］The meeting will begin on Monday.［ 误］The film has begun for ten minutes.［ 正］The film has been on for ten minutes.［ 析］begin是瞬间动词，所以它的完成时态不能接表示一段时间的状语，如：The film has begun.这句话是对的，即〃电影已经开始〃。

但要讲已经开始10分钟了则要用has been on即〃上演了 10分钟〃begin startbegin与 start两词后面加不定式或动名词都可以，且意思并无区别，但在表达习惯时接动名词的用法较多, 如：How old wern you when you first startedlearning English?但这两个词的进行时态中则多用不定式， 如： I was beginningto get hungry.但如果句子的主语是物而不是人，则多用不定式，如：The icebegan to melt. It started to get dark before we got to school.当动词是表达某种心理状态时， 要用不定式， 如： The student began to understand hismistakes.［ 误］They study hard in the class from the beginning to the end.［ 正］They study hard in the class from beginning to end.［ 析］from beginning to end是习惯用法，即自始至终，不要加冠词，但如单独使用则要加冠词, 例如：At the beginning, the teacher gave us an exam.behind［ 误］He missed the class because he was behind the time.［ 正］He missed the class because he was behind time.［ 析］behind time 一短语意为〃晚了〃，而behind the times意为〃落后于时代behind是介词同时又是副词，如Come out from behind the door （ 介词） .He's a long way behind（ 副词） .He fell behind with his classmates（ 副词） .below［ 误］What，s that below the chair.［ 正［ What's that under the chair.［ 析］under意为〃正下方〃，而below意为〃比……低〃，或指〃在下游〃。

如：There is a fall below the river.（ 河的下游有一个瀑布其反义词为over,如：There is a big plane flying over the city.但在〃下面的例子〃一表达语中则要用the example below,而不要用under.beside［ 误］The students stood besides the teacher.［ 正］The students stood beside the teacher.［ 误］I study English beside Chinese.［ IE］ I study English besides Chinese.［ 析］beside意为〃在……旁边〃，而besides是〃除……以外（ 还如何） 〃 beside by nearbeside 意为〃在 旁〃， 如：There is a tall tree beside the river, by多指〃倚、靠“ 、〃沿着〃之意，如：She is standing by the window, near 多用来表示两地间距离不远，如：There is a post office near our school.better［ 误］You had better to do it at home.［ IE］ You had better do it at home.［ 误］ You hadn't better wake me up at six.［ 正］You had better not wake me up at six.［ 析］had better在肯定句中为〃应该作某事〃，其后加不带to的不定式，而在否定句中应用had better+not+动词原形。

在简答语中had常省略为'd, 如:You'd better not.又如:Let's go first. No, we'd better not.between［ 误］Among the two trees there is a space of the feet.［ 正］Between the two trees there is a space of the feet.［ 析］两者之间多用between, 三者或三者以上之间则用among.［ 误］You must choose between this club or that club.［ IE］ You must choose between this club and that club.［ 析］在两个之间作出选择要用between…and…， 而不能用between…or….big［ 误］There was a big rain last night.［ 正］There was a heavy rain last night.［ 析］大雨在英语中只能用a heavy rain而不要用a big rain.bit［ 误］He is a bit fool.［ 正］He is a bit of a fool.［ 析］ a bit可以作程度副词，与 a little相同，但它用于名词前应用a bitof, 而用于形容词前则应用a bit, 如：I'm a bit tired, 而其简答的否定句应为Not a bit, （ 一点儿也不。

又如：-Do you mind if I open the door?-Not a bit.black［ 误］The children became black after swimming in the sea.［ 正］The children became sunburned after swimming in the sea.［ 析］因太阳照晒而皮肤变黑，不应用black而应用sunburned, sun colour或 dark.［ 误］The girl has black eyes and black hair.［ 正］The girl has dark eyes and black hair.［ 析］英语中black eyes的意思是被打得发青的眼睛［ 误］The Europeans like red tea.［ IE］ The Europeans like black tea.［ 析］红茶在英文中应为black tea.这种惯用法还有：black and blue（ 鼻青脸肿，青一块紫一块） ； black and white（ 黑白电视片） go black意 为 〃在失去知觉时眼前一片黑暗〃； look black意为〃情况不妙， 前景暗淡〃。

如： Afterthe fight he was black and blue. On TV, I like colour for something andblack and white for others.body［ 误］ Going to bed earlier and getting up earlier is good for your body.［ 正］Going to bed earlier and getting up earlier is good for yourhealth.［ 析］中文常讲对你身体有利，而英文中则讲对你健康有利borrow［ 误］May I lend some books from the library?［ 正］May I borrow some books from the library?［ 误］How long can I borrow it?［ 正］How long can I keep it?［ 析］英语中有三个词都可译为〃借〃， 但意义各不相同如： 〃借入〃是borrow,其常用句型结构是borrow something from somebody, 这是个瞬间性动词，不可与表示延续的时间状语连用。

例如：The students want to borrow some booksfrom the library. 〃借出〃用lend, 即借给别人东西其常用句型是lendsomebody something, 或 lend something to somebody.例如：Could you lendus your dictionary?或 Could you lend your dictionary to us?它也是瞬间性动词，也不能与延续的时间状语连用keep则是延续性动词，可以和表示长时间段的时间状语连用，也可与how long等疑问词连用，如：You can keep itfor three days.born （ bear的过去分词）［ 误］I born in Shanghai.［ 正］I was born in Shanghai.［ 误］He was born from Greek parents.［ 正］He was born of Greek parents.［ 析］〃出身于. . . 样的家庭〃不要作from而要用of, 例如：He was born ofa poor family.both［ 误］They both are students.［ 正］They are both students.［ 误］They refuse both to answer this question.［ 正］They both refuse to answer this question.［ 析］both作同位语时，一般要用在be动词之后实意动词之前。

［ 误］I know his both parents.［ 正］I know both his parents.［ 误］The both brothers were students.［ 正］Both the brothers were students.［ 正］Both brothers were students.［ 析］当both与形容词性物主代词my, his, her等以及定冠词the连用时，都应将这些词置于both之后另外，在与定冠词连用时the可以省略［ 误］Both of my parents are not at home.［ 正］ Neither of my parents are at home.［ 误］Both of your answers are not right.［ 正］Neither of your answers is right.［ 正］Both your answers are wrong.［ 析］ both不能用于否定句中作主语表示〃两者都不〃时要用neither;但作宾语时both与either则都对， 但要注意句意有所不同 例如： I cannot give bothof the books to you.（ 我不能将两本书全给你。

而 I cannot give either ofthe books to you.（ 两本书中哪本书也不能给你bring［ 误］Please bring this dictionary to Mr Brown.［ 正］Please take this dictionary to Mr Brown.［ 误］Next time, please take your little sister here.［ 正］ Next time, please bring your little sister here.［ 析］英语中bring是〃带来〃，而 take是〃带走〃还有•个词fetch, 表示〃到某处去把某物取、接 回 来 如 ：Please fetch the doctor at once.business［ 误］My father went to Shanghai for business.［ IE］ My father went to Shanghai on business.［ 析］on business 出差busy［ 误］The students were very busy to prepare for the exam.［ 正］The students were very busy preparing for the exam.［ 析］be busy doing something 为〃忙于作某事”［ 误］The students were busy for the exam.［ 正］T h e s t u d e n t s w e r e b u s y w i t h t h e e x a m .［ 析］b u s y 直接接名词时应用w i t h .but［ 误］ H e c o u l d n，t h e l p b u t r e a l i z i n g t h a t h e w a s w r o n g .［ 正］H e c o u l d n，t h e l p b u t r e a l i z e t h a t h e w a s w r o n g .［ 误］S h e c o u l d n，t h e l p t o c r y w h e n s h e s a w h e r m o t h e r .［ 正］S h e c o u l d n， t h e l p c r y i n g w h e n s h e s a w h e r m o t h e r .［ 析］c o u l d n，t h e l p 其后应接动名词，表示情不自禁的动作，但 c o u l d n ' th e l p b u t 后面要加动词原形即省t o 的不定式，所以前一句应译为〃他才真正认识到他错了。

〃buy［ 误］I h a v e b o u g h t t h i s d i c t i o n a r y f o r t h r e e y e a r s .［ I E ］ I h a v e h a d t h i s d i c t i o n a r y f o r t h r e e y e a r s .［ 析］ b u y 是截止性（ 即瞬间） 动词， 它可以有完成时? $ 0 ： I h a ve b o u gh t t h i sd i c t i o n w y . 但是不能与表示较长的时间状语连用如要讲我这本字典已买了 3年了则要用h a ve h a d 这一结构即我拥有这本字典已3 年了by［ 误］T h e b o y s h o t t h e c a t b y a gu n .［ 正］T h e b o y s h o t t h e c a t w i t h a gu n .［ 误］H e c a m e t o s c h o o l b y a t a x i t h i s m o rn i n g.［ 正］H e c a m e t o s c h o o l b y t a x i t h i s m o rn i n g.［ 析］作为某种运输手段来讲, b y 与名词间不能有冠词， 如： b y c a r, b y b i k e ,b y a i r等。

如有了冠词或其他修饰词，则应用别的相应的介词，如：〃我们今天早上是乘他的车来的〃一句应译为：W e c a m e h e re i n h i s c a r t h i s m o rn i n g.与 b y 结合而成的词组很多，常用的有：b y t h e w a y 顺便说说; b y h a n d 手工制作； b y o n e s e l f 独自地； b y n o m e a n s 决不call［ 误］r 1 1 c a l l a t Mr Bro w n .［ 正］r 1 1 c a l l o n Mr Bro w n .［ 误］ r 1 1 c a l l o n Mr Bro w n，s h o m e .［ 正］ r 1 1 c a l l a t Mr Bro w n ' s h o m e .［ 析］作〃拜访〃讲时，a t 后面接访问地点，而 n后面接访问的人c a l l o n d ro p i n vi s i tc a l l o n 比较正式的为公务的访问，如 : W e w e re c a l l e d o n b y t h e o l ds t u d e n t s . 而 d ro p i n 则是比较随便的走走， 顺便拜访， 如： I f y o u，re f re e , d ro pi n . 而 vi s i t 则是更正式的外交访问或友好往来，如 : My s c h o o T s h e a d m a s t e rw i l l vi s i t Am e ri c a n e x t w e e k .can［ 误］ A b l i n d m a n c a n n o t j u d ge c o l o u rs .［ I E ］ A b l i n d m a n c a n n o t j u d ge c o l o u rs .［ 误］I c a n n，t c a l l f o r y o u a t t e n .［ 正］I c a n，t c a l l f o r y o u a t t e n .［ 析］c a n 的否定形式应为c a n n o t 或 c a n，t .［ 误］I t ' s o n l y s i x o ' c l o c k . T h a t m u s t n，t b e t h e p o s t m a n .［ 正］I t ' s o n l y s i x o ' c l o c k . T h a t c a n，t b e t h e p o s t m a n .［ 析］m u s t 用来表示•种肯定的推断，如：S h e m u s t h a ve s o m e p ro b l e m s .S h e k e e p s c ry i n g. 但在否定句中则要用c a n ' t , 要表示对过去的推测则要用〃m u s t + h a ve + 过去分词〃的表达法, 如：T h e l i gh t s h a ve go n e o u t . A f u s e m u s th a ve b l o w n . 而对过去的否定推测则多用〃 c a n ' t + h a ve + 过去分词〃，如：Id o n ' t t h i n k h e c a n h a ve h e a rd y o u . C a l l a ga i n .［ 误］W e c o u l d n o t h e l p t o l a u gh a t o n c e .［ 正］ W e c o u l d n o t h e l p l a u gh i n g a t o n c e .［ 正］ W e c o u l d n o t h e l p b u t l a u gh a t o n c e .［ 析］"couldn't help+动名词〃表示禁不住做了某事。

但 could not help but与 could not but后面要加不带to的不定式， 意思都是不得不去做某事. 如： Youcould not (help) but respect him.can be able tocan与be able to都可以用来表示能力， 但can只有现在时与过去时, be ableto则可用任何时态，如：He will be able to teach the child.但要表示经过努力而达到的一次性动作则只能用be able to, 如：He finally was able tojump over 2 10 meters. 或 : The plane was able to fly over the mountain.但要注意的是这两个词都没有进行时态，而 be able to后面不接不定式的被动态can couldcan与 could都可以用在现在时的口语中，只是用could更为礼貌，语气更委婉如：Could you tell us a story?care［ 误］I don，t care coffee.［ 正］I don，t care for coffee.［ 误］Take care for your steps.［ 正］Take care of your steps.［ 析］care for是〃对某物感兴趣〃，而 care of是〃关心，要当心某事” , 如:She didn，t care for him. Take care of what you are doing.［ 误］I don，t care where we will go if it doesn，t rain.［ 正］I don，t care where we go if it doesn，t rain.［ 析］在 it doesn，t matter, I don t care, I don，t mind, 及 in case引出的状语从句后面要用现在时表示将来。

如：ve got a football in case wehave time for a game.change［ 误］I want to change my camera with that one.［ 正］I want to change my camera for that one.［ 析］change for为〃以某物为交换物〃而 change with则是〃随. . . 而 变 〃 ,如：The wood's colour changed with the season.cheap［ 误］A teacher's salary is generally very cheap.［ 正］A teacher's salary is generally very low.［ 析］工资的高低要用low, cheap是指价格便宜， 如果要讲物美价廉则要用not expensive, 如：This car is not expensive.choose［ 误］We each had to have a choose of A or B.［ 正］We each had to have a choice of A or B.［ 析］choice是名词，而 choose是动词。

class［ 误］The class is watching TV.［ 正］The class are watching TV.［ 析］class作主语时，如果作为整体讲则应用单数形式的谓语动词，如：The class was more than forty in number.如考虑到具体的每个成员时则应用复数形式的谓语动词，如：The class are, in general, very bright.clean［ 误］Sorry, I didn，t bought it here. I cleanly forgot.［ 正］Sorry, I didn，t bought it here. I clean forgot.［ 析］clean可以作为副词讲，其意为〃完全〃，而 cleanly则意为〃正确地〃、〃干净利落地〃，如：The knife doesn，t cut cleanly.而 clean作为形容词讲时意为〃清洁的〃、〃干净的〃，如：Her face is not clean now.［ 误］I'm not clever in English.［ 正］r m not clever at English.［ 析］clever at是固定搭配，表示在某方面有特长。

close［ 误］It is cold outside. Please keep the door close.［ 正］It is cold outside. Please keep the door closed.［ 析］这里的close是动词，意为〃关闭〃，而 keep后要加形容词， 所以要用close的过去分词形式closed作形容词作形容词用的close意为〃近的〃、〃 亲密的〃［ 误］Come closely so that I can see you.［ IE］ Come close so that I can see you.［ 误］Good teaching and good testing are close related.［ 正］Good teaching and good testing are closely related.［ 析］close, closely同样可以作副词用，但其意义不同，close是〃靠近〃、〃接近〃之意，而 closely则是〃紧密〃、〃 严 密 〃 、〃密切〃之意［ 误］My school was quite close from my home.［ 正］My school was quite close to my home.［ 析］〃 与 ……接近〃是close t o - , 例如：He was close to fifty.There is a bus stop close to the station.close shut turnshut 与 close 是同义词，如 close the door 或 shut the door.但要讲把某人关在门外时则只能用shut somebody out而不能用close, 因 shut语气较强，并含有隔离之意。

而 turn off是指关上电视、电灯、煤气之类，有切断之cloth［ 误］The children wear very good cloth to go to school.［ 正］The children wear very good clothes to go to school.［ 误］I need a lot of clothing.r m going to ma ke a new cloth.［ I E ］ I need a lot of cloth.r m going to ma ke a new dress.［ 析］cloth是 〃 布 〃 、〃 布 料 〃 ，没有复数形式一块布料是a piece of cloth,而clothes统指衣服, 是复数名词，〃一套衣服〃要讲a suit of clothes,如果是〃一件件衣服〃应讲shirt, dress, sw ea ter等而clothing是衣物的总称,是不可数名词例如：T his clothing is needed in w a rm countries. H er clothesa re ma de of fine cloth. 英语中的dress是指比较正式的服装，如a schooldress （ 校服） ，a student dress （ 学生套装） ,a w orking dress （ 工作服） 。

coffeeP lea se give me tw o w a ters.［ 正］P lea se give me tw o coffees.［ I E ］P lea se give me tw o cups of w a ter.［ 析］虽然 coffee, w a ter, tea等都是物质名词，但是只有coffee可用coffees取代若干杯coffee,而其他的却不行，其前要加a cup of或a gla ss of.colour （color）［ 误］C olours of flow ers a re red, y ellow a nd w hite.［ 正］F low ers a re red, y ellow a nd w hite.［ 析］中文的〃花的颜色有红色、黄色和白色〃，若译为英文C olours offlow ers a re…,就显得重复了［ 误］I like green colour.［ I E ］ I like green.［ 正］I like colour green.［ 析］colour green中的colour是green的同位语，所以这种说话方式英语是可以接受的。

come［ 误］I came across with an old friend in the street yesterday.［ 正］I came across an old friend in the street yesterday.［ 析］ come across是" 偶然碰见、 遇见〃， 要直接加宾语, 如：I've just comeacross a beautiful poem in this magazine.［ 误］ Where do you come from?I come from the station.［ 正］Where did you come from?I came from the station.［ 正］Where do you come from?I come from China.［ 析］ Where do you come from?意为“ 你是什么地方的人？ 〃 而 Where did youcome from?则是〃你从何处来？ 〃［ 误］The stars are coming out from the cloud.［ 正］The stars are coming out of the cloud.［ 析］come out of意为〃从. . . 地方出来〃。

come in come into entercome in与 come into的意义相同，但 come into后面要加宾语，而 come in后面不用 宾语 如 I found someone came into my room. The door opened andthe child came in.enter 常作为及物动词使用，如：The bus entered the English tunnel.congratulate［ 误］I want to congratulate you for your success with all my heart.［ 正］I want to congratulate you on your success with all my heart.［ 析］动词congratulate somebody on something是〃向某人祝贺某事〃其名词congratulation在用时一般要用复数，如 : I offered him mycongratulations on his success.又如：Congratulations!cook［ 误］My father is a good cooker.［ 正］My father is a good cook.［ 析］很多动词加上 er则变为执行该动作的一种人，如workworker, teach teacher.但 cook即是动词〃做饭〃，同时名词也是〃厨师而cooker 则是〃厨具〃、〃炊具〃之意。

如：I will cook the dinner. I bought a goodpress cooker （ 高压锅） corner［ 误］ There is a post office in the corner of the street.［ 正］There is a post office at the corner of the street.［ 误］A girl sat at the corner of the room.［ 正］A girl sat in the corner of the room.［ 析］in the corner是在建筑物内部的角上，而 at the corner是在外部的角上, 如：There is a big tree at the corner of the building.cost［ 误］I cost ten dollars for the book.［ 正］I spent ten dollars on the book.［ 误］I cost two hours to do my homework.［ 正］It took me two hours to do my homework.［ 析］cost, spend, take都可以作〃花费〃讲，但用法不同。

cost的用法是〃something+cost+somebody+时间或金钱〃， 如：The book cost me ten dollars.spend 的用法是〃 someb ody + spend+ 时间+ （ in） doing something” , 如：I spent tw ohours （ in） w riting this b ook. 或 〃 someb ody + spend+ 金钱+ on something” , 如：I spend tw o dolla rs on this b ook. 而 ta ke的用法则要用逻辑主语it: 〃I t+ ta kes+ someb ody + 时间+ to do something” , 如：I t took me a n hour toclea n the cla ssroom.country［ 误］Y ou ca n find cow s in a country .［ I E ］ Y ou ca n find cow s in the country .［ 析］county 即可作〃国家” 讲，也可作〃农村” 讲。

当作''农村"讲时，一定要加定冠词，而且只有单数形式例如：［ 误］F a rm e rs l iv e in t h e c o un t rie s .［ 正］F a rm e rs l iv e in t h e c o un t ry .［ 析］但作为“ 国家〃讲时则可有单、复数形式,例如：J a p a n is a n As ia nc o un t ry . J a p a n , C h in a , a n d I n d ia a re As ia n c o un t rie s . 另夕卜,c o un t ry ——般指的是地理概念上的国家，如：N e w Z e a l a n d is a n a g ric ul t ura l c o un t ry . 而n a t io n 多指民族组成的国家,如: T h e C h in e s e n a t io n （ 中华民族） s t a t e 多侧重于政权方面的区域、国家范围，如：t h e s t a t e f a rm （ 国营农场） cross［ 误］T h e re a re t ra f f ic l ig h t s a t t h e c ro s s .［ 正］T h e re a re t ra f f ic l ig h t s a t t h e c ro s s in g .［ 析］c ro s s 作为名词讲时是十字架、十字形的东西,如：Re d C ro s s （ 红十字会） 。

［ 误］T h e l it t l e b o y is g o in g t o a c ro s s t h e s t re e t .［ 正］T h e l it t l e b o y is g o in g t o c ro s s t h e s t re e t .［ 析］a c ro s s 是副词或介词，但不能作动词用cross passc ro s s 是指横过某地,如：H e c ro s s e d t h e s q ua re . 而 p a s s 则强调从某物体旁经过,如: I m a il e d s o m e l e t t e rs w h e n I p a s s e d t h e p o s t o f f ic e .crowd［ 误］The room soon was crowded by people.［ 正］The room soon was crowded with people.［ 析］crowded在这句话中应作为形容词，所以这句话不是被动语态而是系表结构, 如：The room was crowded with books.cup［ 误］A silver glass was given to the winner.［ 正］ A silver cup was given to the winner.［ 误］My mother was looking for the whisky cup.［ 正］My mother was looking for the whisky glass.［ 析］glass 一般指由玻璃制成的器皿，而 cup多指用陶瓷或金属制成的杯子，月 . cup尤其用在奖杯上。

喝酒多用的是玻璃制成的杯子，如我们讲I drinka glass of wine at supper. 而 彳 二 说 : I drink a cup of wine at supper.dance［ 误］We' 11 invite you and your wife to a dance party.［ 正］ We，11 invite you and your wife to a dancing party.［ 正］We' 11 invite you and your wife to a dance.［ 正］We'll invite you and your wife to a ball.（ 美语中常用 ball 作为舞会° ）date［ 误］He studied ten hours a date.［ 正］He studied ten hours a day.［ 析］date是指具体日期如问What's the date today?应回答具体日期:“ October 1st 19 9 8. 〃 而 day 是指 1 日（ 24 小时） 如 What day is today?问的是星期儿，应回答〃 It's Sunday. 〃［ 误］Today，s date is January first. 19 9 8.［ 正］T o d a y，s d a t e is J a n ua ry 1 , 1 9 9 8 .［ 正］T o d a y，s d a t e is J a n ua ry 1 s t , 1 9 9 8 .［ 析］在日期书写中不要用序数词全写，而要用1 s t , 2 n d , 3rd ……如果一定要用序数词，其顺序应为: I t is t h e f irs t o f J a n ua ry .day［ 误］T h is is a b o o k a b o ut e v e ry d a y En g l is h .［ I E］ T h is is a b o o k a b o ut e v e ry d a y En g l is h .［ 正］T h is is a n e v e ry d a y En g l is h b o o k .［ 误］W e g o t o s c h o o l e v e ry d a y .［ 正］ W e g o t o s c h o o l e v e ry d a y .［ 析］e v e rd a y 是形容词，意为〃日常的〃，而 e v e ry d a y 则是〃每天〃、〃 天天〃之意。

dead［ 误］M y f a t h e r h a s d ie d f o r t e n y e a rs .［ 正］M y f a t h e r h a s b e e n d e a d f o r t e n y e a rs .［ 析］d ie 是瞬间动词，它可以用于完成时,如: M y f a t h e r h a s d ie d . 但用于完成时不能与表示一段时间的状语连用它也可以用于过去时，如：M yf a t h e r d ie d t h re e y e a rs a g o［ 误］W e, 1 1 a l w a y s re m e m b e r t h e d e a d s w h o w e re k il l e d in t h e w a r.［ 正］W e ' 1 1 a l w a y s re m e m b e r t h e d e a d w h o w e re k il l e d in t h e w a r.［ 析］形容词前如加定冠词表示一类人，如 t h e ric h （ 富人） ，t h e s ic k （ 病人） ，t h e p o o r （ 穷人） ,其后的谓语动词要用复数,如: T h e ric h a re n o t a l w a y sh a p p y .deaddeadlyd e a d 在某些词组里是〃完全〃、〃的确〃的意思，如 d e a d rig h t , d e a d t ire d ,d e a d s ure0 而 d e a d l y 贝 l j 是〃致命的〃， 如： T h e ric h m a n h a d m a n y d e a d l y e n e m ie s .又如：C a n c e r is a d e a d l y d is e a s e .dead diedd e a d 是形容词，如：M rs G in t y w a s d e a d . 而 d ie d 是动词d ie 的过去式及过去分词，如：S h e d ie d in 1 9 6 0 . 但英语中如表达出对某人去世的伤感说法是p a s s a w a y , 如：M y f a t h e r p a s s e d a w a y , t h is m o rn in g .deer［ 误］I n t h e z o o , t h e re a re m a n y d e e rs .［ 正］I n t h e z o o , t h e re a re m a n y d e e r.［ 析］d e e r是单、复数同形的词,如：o n e d e e r, t w o d e e r,这样的名词还有 f is h , s h e e p 等。

但如果讲T h e re a re m a n y f is h e s h e re . 这句话应译为〃这里有许多种鱼类〃而不应译为〃这里有很多鱼〃desk［ 误］T h e b o y s a t i n h i s d e s k .［ I E ］ T h e b o y s a t a t h i s d e s k .［ 析］在课桌旁坐着应用介词a t , 而 a t d e s k 则应译为〃在学习〃，a t t a b l e应译为〃在吃饭〃die［ 误］I n S o u t h A f r i c a m a n y p e o p l e d i e d f r o m c a n c e r .［ 正］I n S o u t h A f r i c a m a n y p e o p l e d i e d o f c a n c e r .［ 误］T h e o l d m a n d i e d o f o v e r w o r k .［ 正］T h e o l d m a n d i e d f r o m o v e r w o r k .［ 析］死于疾病应用d i e o f , 而死于某种外因事故则多用f r o m .［ 误］H i s m o t h e r i s d i e d .［ 正］H i s m o t h e r i s d e a d .［ 误］The old woman was dead at the age of seventy.［ 正］The old woman died at the age of seventy.［ 析］dead是形容词，而 die是动词。

形容词表示状态，动词则表示动作［ 误］He died in a traffic accident.［ 正］He was killed in a traffic accident.［ 析］由于事故而造成的死亡一般用to be killed.［ 误］ When the doctor came, the old man had already died.［ IE］ When the doctor came, the old man was already dead.［ 正］The old man died before the doctor came.different［ 误］ My room is different with yours.［ 正］My room is different from yours.［ 误］The village is very different with what it was.［ 正］The village is very different from what it was.［ 析］different from是〃与... 不同” 之意d ifficu lt［ 误］English is very difficult to be learned.［ 正］ English is very difficult to learn.［ 误］He learned physics is difficult.［ 正］It is very difficult for him to learn physics.［ 析］要学习英语的表达法而不要生硬地按字去译中文。

It is difficultfor somebody to do something.为〃对于某人来说做某事很困难〃d ifficu lty［ 误］There was little difficulty to find him.［ 正］There was little difficulty in finding him.［ 析］这种用法还有 trouble, 即 difficulty (trouble) in doingsomething.dinner［ 误］When did you have the supper?［ IE］ When did you have supper?［ 析］英语中一日三餐前无冠词，例如：［ 误］I had a lunch at 12 o' clock.［ 正］I had lunch at 12 o' clock.［ 析］在某些特定场合，如指某次宴会，则要加冠词，如：The dinner wasgiven in honour of the guest.dress［ 误］My father bought a new dress for himself yesterday.［ 正］My father bought a new suit for himself yesterday.［ 析］一般来讲男套装用suit, 女服则用dress;作男服的服装店是tailorshop (tailor's), 而做女装的服装店是 dressmaker's.［ 误］The mother dressed the clothes on her child.［ IE］ The mother dressed her child.［ 析］dress作及物动词当〃穿衣服〃讲时，其后不能接衣服而只能接人，如：The boy is still too young to dress himself.但作为, 种穿着打扮的状态时，则多用其过去分词作形容词, 如:He is not dressed in his new suit.或 She is dressed in red.词组dress up是过节日时应服装整齐，如：Theydressed up for the holiday.dress have on put on wear要区别这几个动词需分清是表示动作的动词还是表示状态的动词。

表示状态的动词是 have on 和 wear, 如：He has on a white coat. He was wearing heavyshoes.而 put on 则表示穿衣的动作， 如： Put on your coat, it is cold outside.而 dress即可以作状态又可以作动作， 作动作讲时其后面接人而不能接衣服， 作穿着状态时则多用dressed的形式如：I saw a lady dressed in red. I sawa girl dressing herself.drop［ 误］The students fell their voice.［ 正］The students dropped their voice.［ 析］drop与 fall都可以表示〃落下、掉下〃之意，有时可以互换，如：Thedictionary fell (dropped) from the table.但 drop 还可以作及物动词, 而fall一般只能作不及物动词［ 误］I shall drop in you.［ 正］I shall drop in on you.［ 析］drop in是随便拜访某人，而其后要接人时应加介词on再加人称。

during［ 误］ During I was sick, I couldn，t eat well.［ 正］While I was sick, I couldn，t eat well.［ 析］during后不能接从句，而 when和 while后可接从句［ 误］I have been studying English during three days.［ 正］I have been studying English for three days.［ 析］during不能表达一个动作持续多长的时间，而只能表达在某段时间内某事件的发生即带有由during引导的时间状语的句子只能用过去时，不能用完成时each［ 误］Every of them has his habit.［ 正］Each of them has his habit.［ 析］each可以作形容词，但也可作代词，而 every只能作形容词［ 误］The manager comes to America almost each month.［ 正］The manager comes to America almost every month.［ 析］ each与 every都作形容词讲时，都有〃每个〃之意，但有不同。

each多指个体，而 every 则多指整体如：We want every student to succeed, each不同来表达总体概念，所以不能与almost, nearly, likely等词连用［ 误］We each has a book.［ 正］We each have a book.［ 析］each作同位语时，其数应与其同位的名词相同，而 each作主语时则应取其单数形式each other one anothereach other与 one another这两个词组的区别在很多语法书中强调eachother是两者之间，而 one another是多者之间，其实不然，如：All studentsmust care for each other, must love and help each other. 事实上这两个词组是同义的，如果要讲有什么区别的话，当我们非常笼统地谈，而不特指什么人时，多用one another.early［ 误］Could you come here more early?［ 正］Could you come here earlier?［ 析］单音节和少数双音节副词的比较级和最高级要用er和est来作其结尾，如 fast, soon, early, hard, long, near 等。

earth［ 误］What on the earth do you mean?［ 正］ What on earth do you mean?［ 析］on earth这一词组在句中为的是加强语气，其意为〃究竟〃、〃 到 底 〃 而作为“ 地球〃讲时则要加定冠词,如：How far is the earth from the moon.而作为“ 泥土〃讲时则为不可数名词,如: He filled the pot with earth and wantedto plant some flowers.easy［ 误］Y ou c a n e a s y i m a g i n e m y s ur p r i s e .［ 正］ Y ou c a n e a s i l y i m a g i n e m y s ur p r i s e .［ 析］e a s y 只在有限的词组中被用作副词，如 ta k e i t e a s y （ 不要紧张） ，g o e a s y , s ta n d e a s y 等 例如：Ea s y c om e , e a s y g o . （ 钱来的容易花的也快 .） Ea s i e r s a i d th a n d on e .（ 说的容易做着难。

east［ 误］J a p a n i s on th e e a s t of C h i n a .［ 正］ J a p a n i s to th e e a s t of C h i n a .［ 析］在讲述地理位置时，有 3 个介词常用，它们是i n , on 和 to,其中i n表示处于所表达的范围之内，如：S h a n g h a i i s i n th e e a s t of C h i n a , on 则表示双方接壤，如：N or th K or e a i s on th e n or th e a s t of C h i n a ,而表示互不相接的两部分时则用to,如：T a i w a n i s to th e e a s t of F uj i a n .ei ther［ 误］-I d on，t l i k e op e r a .-I d on，t l i k e too.［ 正］-I d on，t l i k e op e r a .-I d on，t l i k e e i th e r .［ 析］在否定句中用e i th e r 表示〃也〃，而在肯定句中用too表示〃也〃。

［ 误］Ei th e r y ou or I a r e r i g h t.［ 正］Ei th e r y ou or I a m r i g h t.［ 析］这在语法书中被称作就近原则，即哪个主语离谓语动词近，则应采用与哪个主语相一致的谓语动词，相同用法的还有n e i th e r …n or …，n ot on l y -b ut a l s o…,以及 or 在连接两个主语时 如： Y ou or h e i s to g o h om e . T h e oth e r sw i l l h a v e to s ta y i n th e c l a s s r oom .elder［ 误］M y ol d e r b r oth e r h a s g on e to S h a n g h a i .［ 正］ M y e l d e r b r oth e r h a s g on e to S h a n g h a i .［ 析］在表示兄姐的长幼时应用e l d e r 表示〃哥哥姐姐〃， 如： m y e l d e r s i s te r姐姐，但表示岁数时则多用ol d e r ,如：S h e i s tw o y e a r s ol d e r th a n I .empty［ 误］A r e th e s e s e a ts e m p ty ?［ I E］ A r e th e s e s e a ts ta k e n ?［ 析］e m p ty 是指空洞的没有任何物体，如：T h e h ous e w a s e m p ty ,其意思是没有任何家具或屋内无人。

但座位是否有人坐应用ta k e .English［ 误］M y s i s te r s tud i e d En g l i s h l a n g ua g e v e r y w e l l .［ 正］ M y s i s te r s tud i e d th e En g l i s h l a n g ua g e v e r y w e l l .［ 正］M y s i s te r s tud i e d En g l i s h v e r y w e l l .［ 析］在泛指某一种学科时，不应加冠词，如：I l i k e h i s tor y .但如特指某一门学科时则应加冠词,如：He l i k e s th e h i s tor y of A m e r i c a .enjoy［ 误］I e n j oy to p l a y f ootb a l l .［ 正］I e n j oy p l a y i n g f ootb a l l .［ 析］e n j oy 后要接动名词，而不接不定式。

［ 误］D i d y ou e n j oy a t th e En g l i s h e v e n i n g ?［ I E］ D i d y ou e n j oy y our s e l f a t th e En g l i s h e v e n i n g ?enough［ 误］ r m s or r y . Y ou a r e n ot s tud y i n g e n oug h c a r e f ul l y .［ 正］I 'm s or r y . Y ou a r e n ot s tud y i n g c a r e f ul l y e n oug h .［ 析 • ］ e n oug h 要用在形容词或副词之后［ 误］D o y ou h a v e e n oug h of m on e y ?［ 正］Do you have enough money?［ 正］Do you have enough of the money?［ 误］The coffee isn，t enough.［ 正］There isn，t enough coffee.［ 析］ enough可以作be动词的表语， 但其主语应是代词， 如： That's enough.It was enough. 如果是名词时应换用上面的句型。

entrance［ 误］The entrance of the cinema is on your right.［ 正］The entrance to the cinema is on your right.［ 析］在表示通往某处时entrance后面多用to作介词 这样的用法还有keyto the door, answer to the question 等evening［ 误］I walked home in a cold evening.［ 正］I walked home on a cold evening.［ 析］in the evening这一词组如加上另外的修饰词则其介词应换为on.everyone［ 误］Everyone of you goes to class.［ 正］Every one of you goes to class.［ 析］everyone其后不能接of结构在否定句中如果要讲〃每一个人都没有注意到它〃,就译作：Nobody noticed it.要注意 Every one of us is not right.应译为〃我们不都对〃而None of us are right.才应译为〃我们全错了。

〃exam［ 误］We take part in an exam.［ 正］ We take an exam.［ 析］ta k e p a r t i n为〃参加〃某种活动，运动，而在学科中选择某一学科学习并进行考试应用ta k e .［ 误］T h e r oom i s c l e a n e x c e p t tw o d e s k s .［ 正］T h e r oom i s c l e a n e x c e p t f ortw o d e s k s .［ 误］I c om e h e r e e v e r y d a y e x c e p t f or S un d a y .［ IE］I c om e h e r e e v e r y d a y e x c e p t S un d a y .［ 析］在同一类物体中排除某一部分用e x c e p t,在不同类物体中排除某一物体时用 e x c e p t f or而 e x c e p t th a t 其后接从句，如：S h e i s a g ood g i r l e x c e p tth a t s h e i s c a r e l e s s s om e ti m e s . 而 b e s i d e s 则是〃包括在内〃，如〃我学习英语同时还学法语。

应译为:I s tud y En g l i s h b e s i d e s F r e n c h .exercise［ 误］T h e s tud e n ts e x e r c i s e s p ok e n En g l i s h i n th e m or n i n g .［ 正］T h e s tud e n ts p r a c ti s e s p ok e n En g l i s h i n th e m or n i n g .［ 析］e x e r c i s e多指运动、训 练 ,而p r a c ti s e则多指把理论付诸于实践的练习［ 误］E v e r y o n e s h o u l d d o e x e r c i s e s e v e r y d a y .［ 正］E v e r y o n e s h o u l d d o e x e r c i s e e v e r y d a y .［ 析］作为运动讲e x e r c i s e是不可数名词，而当〃练习〃、〃 体 操 〃 、〃 早 操 〃则是可数名词，例如：I d o a l o t e x e r c i s e s i n t h e P . E . c l a s s .fa il［ 误］T o m f a i l e d h i s e x a m .［ 正］T o m f a i l e d i n h i s e x a m .［ 正］T o m f a i l e d t o p a s s t h e e x a m .［ 析］f a i l为不及物动词，其后可用i n加名词，或直接接不定式。

family［ 误］ r m sorry I have to go. Tom，s families are waiting for me.［ 误］r m sorry I have to go. Tom，s family is waiting for me.［ IE］ r m sorry I have to go. Tom，s family are waiting for me.［ 析 • ］ family是集合名词，把它当作整体看它是单数，如看作家庭中的每个成员则为复数如：Your family are very kind to me. My family is very large.far［ 误］My school is ten miles far from here.［ 正］My school is ten miles away from here.［ 析］far一般不与实际距离连用［ 误］"Did you walk far?”“ Yes, I walked far. 〃［ 正］“ Did you walk far?”〃 Yes, I walked a long way. 〃［ 析］一 一般肯定句中不用far单独作状语，而用a long way. far组成的常用词组有：as far as. ①远至，- 1 直 至 I 」 。

如：He walked as far as the station.②就. . .而言如：As far as he was concerned these books were very good.③只要如：I can help you as far as I can. so for 到目前为止例：He is very well so far.farther furtherfar有两个比较级，即farther和 further, 其意思略有不同：farther主要用于表示距离的远近，如：Milan is farther away than Rome.而 further则是指〃进——步的〃， 如：Will we need any further discussion on this matter.fast［ 误］A fast train runs fastly.［ IE］ A fast train runs fast.［ 析］fast其形容词与副词形式相同fastsoonfast 指行动本身的速度快，如：The foreigner speaks too fast.而 soon则多指两个动作之间间隔短，时间到来的迅速，如：She will come soon.feel［ 误］I feel badly about my mistakes.［ 正］I feel bad about my mistakes.［ 析］感观动词如feel, smell等后面要接形容词而不是副词。

feel good是指某人精神好，而 feel well是指人身体状况良好［ 误］I try not to hurt her feeling.［ 正］I try not to hurt her feelings.［ 析］feeling在作〃感情〃讲时要用复数，而作〃感觉〃讲则要用单数如：Ihave a feeling that we will win the game.few［ 误］Few of them is very good.［ 正］Few of them are very good.［ 析］ few意为〃几乎没有〃， 但要用复数谓语动词 如果讲有一些人应用a few,如：There were only a few people in the street.［ 误］There are less farms than there used to be.［ 正］There are fewer farms than there used to be.［ 析］ few的比较级为fewer, 其后接可数名词； 而 little的比较级为less,其后接不可数名词fie ld［ 误］He is a famous scientist on the field of physics.［ 正］He is a famous scientist in the field of physics.［ 析］in the field是〃在田野上〃或是〃在某一学科领域内〃，而 on the field则多指〃在战场上〃。

如 : He lost his life on the battle field.fill［ 误］She filled orange into my glass.［ 正］She filled my glass with orange.［ 析］表示要用某种物品装满某容器时要用fill with词组， 如： The boy ranback home filled with joy.fill fullfill是动词，但有及物与不及物两种用法，当表示〃充满〃之意时是不及物动词, 应用 fill with, 如：The little girl's eyes filled with tears.而当表示〃使. . . 装满某物〃时, 是及物动词， 如： He filled his pocket with books.而 be filled with 应看作系表结构， 如： The boy's mother was filled with anger,full 是形容词，要用 be full of 这一词组，如：The boy was full of joy.find［ 误］ He has finded his lost bike.［ IE］ He has found his lost bike.［ 析］find是不规则动词，其过去式和过去分词均是found。

但 found一词又意为〃建立〃，它是规则动词，其过去式及过去分词均为founded.［ 误］It is very difficult to look for a suitable job.［ 正］It is very difficult to find a suitable job.［ 析］look for为〃寻找〃，而 find是找到寻找工作并不难，难的应是找到合适的工作find find outfind out 意为〃找出、算出、发现〃，如：I have found out how to do it.而 find的主要侧重点在找到某物, 如：I find my book under the desk.finish［ 误］I finished to read that book last night.［ 正］I finished reading that book last night.［ 析］英文中有些动词其后只能用动名词作宾语而不能用不定式作宾语，这样的动词在中考范围内有两个，即finish和 enjoyofire［ 误］There，s no smoke without a fire.［ 正］There，s no smoke without fire.［ 析］此句应译为中文〃无风不起浪〃。

fire作为物质名词〃火〃讲时为不可数名词, 而作为〃炉火〃、 〃火灾〃讲则是可数名词， 如： There was a fire in the nextstreet last month.如要讲〃着火了〃要用 be on fire, 如：The factory wason fire.［ 误］The man fired to us.［ IE］ The man fired at us.［ 析］fire (on) at均指〃向某目标开火〃，at用于较小目标，而 n 用于较大目标fir s t［ 误］Is this your firstly visit to Beijing?［ 正］Is this your first visit to Beijing?［ 析］除了在强调第一、第二、第三等场合中有时还可见firstly 一词外，这个词已不多见，而均被first取代first还有〃首先〃、〃 首 次 〃 、〃第一次〃之屈、0follow［ 误］I received a letter which ran as follow.［ 正］I received a letter which ran as follows.［ 析］ as follows是惯用法， 其意为〃如下〃， 不论在任何场合均要用follows.［ 误］As follows are his arguments.［ 正］The following are his arguments.［ 析］a s f o l l o w s 主要用于句尾，而 t h e f o l l o w i n g 则用于句首。

food［ 误］T o o m u c h s w e e t f o o d , s u c h a s c a k e s , c h o c o l a t e s , p a s t r y , m a yi n c r e a s e y o u r w e i g h t .［ 正］T o o m a n y f o o d s , s u c h a s c a k e s , c h o c o l a t e s , p a s t r y - **m a y i n c r e a s ey o u r w e i g h t .［ 析］f o o d 泛指食物时为不可数名词，如：T h e r e i s n o f o o d f o r s u p p e r .而指•种种食物时则用作可数名词foot［ 误］T h e r e i s a f i ve f e e t w i d e b r i d g e .［ 正］T h e r e i s a f i ve f o o t w i d e b r i d g e .［ 析］用连字符组成的形容词中所有名词均要用单数形式。

［ 误］W e w e n t t o c o l l e g e o n f e e t .［ 正］［ 析］W e w e n t t o c o l l e g e o n f o o t .b y 后面加接交通工具时，不应加任何冠词，不要用名词的复数形式如加了某些修饰词后，其前面的介词要作适当的改变，如：I c a m e t o s c h o o l i nh i s c a r y e s t e r d a y . Ig ot os h o o l o n a t r a i n .forw a n t e dt og ot ot h ep u bf o r h a vi n g a d r i n k .［ 正］w a n t e dt og ot ot h ep u bf o r a d r i n k .［ 正］w a n t e d t og ot ot h ep u bt o h a ve a d r i n k .用 f o r 表示目的时, 其后面只能接名词，而不要接动名词III［ 误］I w e n t t o t h e o f f i c e f o r s e e i n g t h e h e a d m a s t e r .［ 正］I w e n t t o t h e o f f i c e t o s e e t h e h e a d m a s t e r .［ 析］用不定式来表示动作的目的。

［ 误］I will leave Beijing to Shanghai.［ 正］I will leave Beijing for Shanghai.［ IE］ I will leave for Shanghai.［ 析］leave for为一固定搭配，不要改动［ 误］I bought a book to you.［ 正］I bought a book for you.［ 误］He is a friend for us.［ 正］He is a friend to us.［ 析］在英文中〃为〃一词在泛指时用to, 在特指时要用for.［ 误］This food is good to us.［ 正］This food is good for us.［ 析］词组be good (bad) for表示〃对. . .有好(坏)处〃［ 误］ For I was feeling quite hungry, I wanted to have lunch.［ 正］I wanted to have lunch, for I was feeling quite hungry.［ 析］for作为〃因为〃讲时一般不要置于句首，而且口气也比because弱的多。

forget［ 误］I left my key.［ 正］I left my key at home.［ 正］I forgot my key.［ 析］leave是〃丢下〃之意，所以一定要接地点状语，而 forget是 〃 忘 记 〃 ,所以不用接地点状语［ 误］I will not forget the rules.［ 正］I will never forget the rules.［ 误］Please don't forget posting my letter on your way home.［ 正］Please don，t forget to post my letter on your way home.［ 析］要注意 forget to do something 为〃忘了去作某事〃，而 forget doingsomething则应译为〃对已经作过的事记不起来了〃 如： He forget returning thebook to the library.应译为〃他忘记已把书还给图书馆这件事了〃同样用法的词还有remember和 regret.free［ 误］You can speak free in front of my parents.［ 正］ You can speak freely in front of my parents.［ 析］free作为副词时意为〃免费〃、〃不必付款〃，如 :You can eat free inmy restaurant.而 freely则意为〃自由地〃、〃无限制地〃。

French［ 误］She comes from French.［ 正］She comes from France.［ 析］French是〃法语〃、〃法国的〃，而 France才是〃法国〃friend［ 误］He nodded to me friendly.［ 正］ He nodded to me in a friendly fashion.［ 析］friendly是形容词，不是副词在英语中应避免讲He is a friend ofmy mother.又比如：I go to school with my friend.从语法上讲是对的但不是习惯上英语的说法而应讲He is a friend of my mother，s. I go to schoolwith a friend, be friends with 则是〃交朋友〃之意，例如：I hope you willbe friends with me. 而不应讲 I hope you will be my friend. 交朋友还有一 ， 惯用法是 make friends.from［ 误］Where do you come from? I come from the library.［ 正］Where do you come from? I come from England.［ 正］Where did you come from? I came from the library.［ 析］Where do you come from?应意为〃你是从什么国家（ 地方） 来的？ 〃 （ 即意为“ 你是哪的人?〃） 而 Where did you come from?才是〃你刚刚从哪来？ 〃front［ 误］There are three tall trees in the front of my house.［ 正］There are three tall trees in front of my house.［ 析］in front of是某物体外部的前面，而 in the front of是在某物体内部的前面。

如：The bus driver is seated in the front of the bus.game［ 误］ He went to America to take part in the Olympic Game.［ 正］He went to America to take part in the Olympic Games.［ 析］game作为〃运动会〃讲时应用其复数形式，而具体一个游戏则可用其单数形式 如：Our school team won the game.German［ 误］They are Germen.［ 正］They are Germans.［ 误］She comes from German.［ 正］She comes from Germany.［ 析］German是〃德国人〃、〃德国的〃、〃 德 语 〃 ，其复数形式是Germans;而Germany才是德国gather［ 误］All the students and teachers are gathered together now.［ 正］All the students and teachers are gathered now.［ 析］用了动词gather就不要再用together 了。

这句话还可以这样讲： Allthe students and teachers got together.give［ 误］She gives up to look for the lost bike.［ 正］She gives up looking for the lost bike.［ 析］give up意为〃放弃〃，其后只接动名词作介词宾语，而不应接不定式glad［ 误］His parents were very glad for his success in business.［ 正］His parents were very glad of his success in business.［ 正］His parents were very glad to know his success in business.［ 析］〃 为 . . . 感到高兴〃应是 be glad of something 或 be glad to dosomething.glass［ 误］The old teacher has two pair of big glass.［ 正］The old teacher has two pairs of big glasses.［ 析］ glass作为〃眼镜〃讲， 应用复数形式, 在英语中手套gloves裤子pants,剪刀scissors均用复数形式。

glass作〃玻璃杯〃讲时则可用单数形式或复数形式，如：I want two glasses of milk.而作为物质名词〃玻璃〃讲则要用作不可数名词，如：The boy broke two panes of glass.go［ 误］-Mary, could you come to my home now? -Yes, I'm going.［ 正］-Mary, could you come to my home now?-Yes, r m coming.［ 析］g 是指离开说话人所在地，而 come指的是朝向说话人的方向：如：Come here! Can I come and help you?但在口语中也有一些例外，如表示要参加到某人或者某件活动时常用come, 如：We are going to have a party tonight.Would you like to come with us?gonebeenHe has gone to Shanghai.指此人已去上海不在此地了He has been to Shanghai.指此人去过上海现已回来了gold［ 误］She brushed her gold hair carefully.［ 正］She brushed her golden hair carefully.［ 析］ gold 作形容词指〃金质的〃, 如: a gold ring, a gold coin, 而 golden是“ 金色的〃, 如：golden age（ 金色的时代） ，但“ 金鱼〃例外, 为gold fishogood［ 误］ r ve been waiting for good twenty minutes.［ 正］I, ve been waiting for a good twenty minutes.［ 析］a good之意为〃足足〃、〃整整〃之意。

good wellHe is good.应译为〃他是个好人〃而He is well.应译为〃他身体不错T feel good.即精神状态良好，而 I feel well, 即身体状况不错［ 误］This food is very good to you.［ 正］This food is very good for you.［ 析］be good for是〃对. . . 有利、有好处〃, 而be good to是指〃对待某人不错〃， 如：Your friend is very good to me.grade［ 误］ -What grade are you in? -T m in grade 1 .［ 正］-What grade are you in? T'm in Gread 1 .［ 析］当泛指那一年级时grade的头一个字母小写，当有具体数字时则要大写had better［ 误］You have better hurry.［ 正］You had better hurry.［ 析］had better只用过去时had, 不要误用成现在时have［ 误］You hadn，t better worry.［ 正］ You had better not worry.［ 析］had better后面加不带to的不定式，其否定式是〃had better not+动词原形〃。

half［ 误］I had driven about half mile.［ IE］ I had driven about half a mile.［ 析］〃半小时〃有两种讲法half an hour, a half hour.而 〃 一个半小时〃应讲 an hour and a half 或 one and a half hours. 〃半天〃应讲 half a day, “半镑〃应讲half a pound. 但要尽量避免使用half a year, 而应用six months;不用 half a month, 而用 two weeks 或 fifteen days.［ 误］Half us could go to the park.［ 正］Half of us could go to the park.［ 析］half用于名词前可用of结构也可不用of结构，但用于代词前则必须力 口 of 0 如：More than half (of) my classmates are boys.［ 误］One and half apples are left on the table.［ 正］One and half apples is left on the table.［ 析］一个半。

ne and half后面的名词要用复数，而句中的谓语动词却要用单数［ 误］Half of the work are done.［ IE］ Half of the work is done.［ 误］Half of the six apples is red.［ 正］Half of the six apples are red.［ 析］〃h a l f o f + 名词〃这一结构后面的谓语动词应与o f 后面的名词相一致,如为不可数名词或可数名词单数，要用单数谓语动词; 而复数名词后面要加与复数相对应的谓语动词h a n d［ 误］H e s h o o k h a n d w i t h h i s t e a c h e r .［ 正］H e s h o o k h a n d s w i t h h i s t e a c h e r .［ 析］与某人握手要用s h a k e h a n d s . 与 h a n d 有关的词组中有很多要用复数形式，如：c h a n g e h a n d s （ 转手、易手） ,i n t h e h a n d s o f （ 由. . .控制） ,j o i nh a n d s （ 与人合作）。

h a p p e n［ 误］ W h a t w a s h a p p e n e d t o y o u l a s t m o n t h ?［ 正］W h a t h a p p e n e d t o y o u l a s t m o n t h ?［ 误］A n a c c i d e n t w a s h a p p e n e d i n t h i s s t r e e t l a s t n i g h t .［ 正］A n a c c i d e n t h a p p e n e d i n t h i s s t r e e t l a s t n i g h t .［ 析］在英语中不及物动词没有被动态， 作为〃发生〃讲的h a p p e n , t a k e p l a c e和 b r e a k o u t 都不具有被动态h a p p e n t o 常用来表达一件偶然发生的事，如：I f y o u h a p p e n t o m e e t m y s i s t e r p l e a s e a s k h e r t o c a l l m e .hard［ 误］I h a v e t o s t u d y h a r d l y .［ I E ］ I h a v e t o s t u d y h a r d .［ 析］ h a r d 是形容词，如 : a h a r d w o r k , 但它同时也是副词。

h a r d l y 是h a r d的又一副词形式，但词意截然不同，意为〃儿乎不〃［ 误］I h a d m y l e g b r o k e n l a s t t e r m , s o I c o u l d nJ t h a r d l y s t u d y a ta l l .［ 正］I h a d m y l e g b r o k e n l a s t t e r m s o I h a r d l y s t u d i e d a t a l l .［ 析］hardly意为〃否定〃 ，所以不要再加否定词语了，如果hardly用于句首则应采用倒装语序， 如： Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.have［ 误］I had my boy do his homework from morning till noon.［ 正］I had my boy doing his homework from morning till noon.［ 析］用 have somebody do something 还是 doing something 要取决句子的意思和句中的时间状语。

［ 误］I have my bike to repair.［ 正］I have my bike repaired.［ 析］have something done这•句型是让某事被别人去作，请看下面两句意义的不同：I have repaired my bike.（ 我自己已修好了自行车 而 I havemy bike repaired. （ 我把车推出去让别人修理了［ 误］Could you give me some money if you have.［ 正］Could you give me some money if you have any.［ 析］ 〃如果你有的话〃 •句译为英文应加上any , 词， 如：I want some booksif there is any.headache［ 误］r ve got headache.［ 正］ r ve got a headache.［ 析］ Headache是一个规则的可数名词, 所以可以讲：My mother often getsheadaches, 但是〃牙痛"toothache, 〃肚子痛〃stomache ache等却都可以用作不可数名词，如：I've got toothache.但也可用作可数名词。

hear［ 误］He was heard sing in the next room.［ IE］ He was heard to sing in the next room.［ 析］hear somebody do something这一句式用于被动语态时要把原来省略的不定式to还原回来而在hear somebody doing something这一句式中则不会出现上述问题如，主动态：I heard her singing in the next room.变为被动态时为：She was heard singing in the next room.这种用法还适用于see, look, observe, watch, notice, listen to 等hear listen tohear一词为听见了什么，或听到什么，强调其结果; 而listen to则强调有意要听，听的倾向如：I want to listen to you, but I hear nothing.但词组hear about (of)则为〃听说过〃之意，如：I heard about this.( 我听UI过 止 匕 事 。

) 而hear from贝 U为 〃 4 攵 至 “ 某人信.件〃之意： I often hear from my girlfriend.help［ 误］Please help my homework.［ 正］Please help me do my homework.［ 正］Please help me with my homework.［ 析］help 其句型是 help somebody do (to do) something.意为〃帮某人作某事〃，但在较古老的语法中不带to的不定式表示句子的主语参加这个动作，如：He help his mother cook the meal.即〃他和母亲一*起作饭〃 而 He helpme to do my homework.则是〃他指导我做作业〃但在现代英语中这个区别则往往被取消了所以带to与不带to的不定式在句中意思相同，并无区别［ 误］When I read the play I can，t help to think of my childhood.［ IE］ When I read the play I can't help thinking of my childhood.［ 析］can，t help doing something是“ 身不由己, 情不自禁做某事〃。

［ 误］ Help yourself with some cakes.［ 正］Help yourself to some cakes.［ 析］中文中讲〃你自己拿蛋糕吃〃，英文中要用help somebody tosomething.here［ 误］Here the bus comes!［ 正］Here comes the bus!［ 析］副词在句首时一般要用倒装语序，即谓语动词的位置前移但是，若主语如是人称代词，则还是要用正常语序，如：Here we are!high［ 误］He is very high.［ 正］He is very tall.［ 析］英语中的两个〃高〃high和 tall, 其中tall指人指物都是可以的，但high 则只指物体的高, 所以可以讲 This building is the highest building inthe city.但tall 一般不用来指山脉的高低hit［ 误］The mother got angry and hit the boy.［ 正］ The mother got angry and beat the boy.［ 析］ hit指打到某物之上，一般指一次性打击，He hit his head againstthe wall.（ 他把头撞到了墙上。

而 beat则指多次性的打击home［ 误］r m tired. It's time I went to home.［ 正］ r m tired. It's time I went home.［ 析］ home此处用作副词，所以不应加to, 又如: I arrived home at eleventhirty yesterday evening.而 at home除了〃在家〃之意外，还有像〃在家里一样〃之意如Make yourself at home.（ 不要拘束就像在家一样home / house / familyhome是指与亲人一起居住的地方，可以讲a letter from home, 所以有人解释home包括住处和家人而 house的侧重点则在建筑物，如 Many new houseswere built this year, family 一词，作为整体讲其谓语动词用单数，如：Herfamily is a happy one.而作为家庭成员讲时要用复数谓语动词，如 : My familyare all like swimming.homework［ 误］I have so many homework to do today.［ 正］I have so much homework go do today.［ 析］homework为不可数名词、同样的词还有work （ work作为〃著作〃 、〃 作品 〃 、〃工厂〃讲时为可数名词） ,fun, health information等。