
初中定语从句讲解及练习.doc
2页定语从句讲解及练习一、 定义:在复合句中,修饰某一名词 或代词 的从句叫做定语从句 如:1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2) You must do everything that I do. 上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格whom, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why二.关系副词引导的定语从句This is the house where I lived two years ago. Do you remember the day when you joined our club? This is the reason why he came late.二、 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词常有三个作用:1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分1.who指人(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.(3)Is there anyone here who will go with you?2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. (2) The man whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物,在定语从句中做宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语) (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)4. that既可以指人,也可以指物,指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which在宾语从句中做宾语时可省略 (1) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语) (2) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)5. whose表示所属关系 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I lived in a house whose walls are white. 具体使用时还要注意下列问题:1.只能使用that,不用which 的情况:(1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。
例如: All that he said is true. (2) 先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时 例如: He is the only foreigner that has been to that place. (3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词例如: He was the second person that told me the secret.(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词 This is the best book (that) I have read this year.(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时例如: He talked about the people and the things he remembered. 2.只用which不用that的情况:(1)非限制性定语从句中,不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略The boy, who is good at soccer, comes from Xinjiang.That necklace, which you gave me as a present, was lost yesterday.(2) which还有一种特殊用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,这种情况不可以用that。
He did very well in the competition, which made his parents very happy.(3) "介词+关系代词"结构中,关系代词只可用whom或 which, 不可用 that This is the house in which you live . This is the girl with whom I go to school yesterday. 热身练习请分析一下定语从句:( 请划出定语从句,并标出先行词)1. Check the ways you study for an English test. 2. Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar. 3. You couldn’t understand people who talked fast. 4. I have some ideas that may help. 5. They said something you didn’t like. 6. Can you think of any problems you have had recently?8. He would always take pride in everything good I do. 9. My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school. 10. What are some of the rules that a teenager should obey?12. If you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me. 13. Standing very close to the person you are talking with is quite common in some countries. 14. If you know someone you know doing this, you can ask them. 15. All I ever wanted to do was traveling. 二、用关系代词填空:that 、which 、who、 whom 、whose 1. This is the man ________ wants to see you.2. The student ___________ answered the question is Zhang Hua.3. The man __________ you went to see has come.4. The man ___________I met yesterday lent me some money.5. The woman _______________ you saw is our geography teacher. 6. The runner ________________ you are asking about is over there.7. The person ______________ you should write to is Mr. Ball.8. The man ___________was passing by saw what happened.9. Here is the pen _________ you lost the day before yesterday.10. These books _____________ you lent me were very useful.三、单项选择( ) 1. Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady____ comes from Beijing. A. who B. which C. whom D. whose( ) 3. The students were all interested ____ you told them yesterday. A. in which B. in that this C. all that D. in everything( ) 4. He was the only person in his office______ was invited. A. whom B. whose C. that D. which( ) 5. This is the museum______ we visited last year. A. where B. in which C. which D. in that( ) 6. Charlie told his mother all____ had happened. A. that B. what C. which D. who( ) 7. Do you know the student_____? A. whom I often talk B. with who I often talk C. I often talk with D. that I often talk( ) 8. I like the house_____ windows face south. A. whose B. who’s C. it's D. its( ) 9. Would you tell me where to get the dictionary _____? A. what I need B.I need C. which I need it D. that I need it( ) 10. The young woman_____ I spoke just now is a young doctor. A. who B. to whom C. whom D. that。












