仁爱版初中英语语法汇总.docx

0仁爱版初中英语语法总结初中语法总结一.名词I,名词的种类:专有名词昔通名词国名一地名，人名，可数名词不可数名词团体.机构名称个体名词集体名词抽象名同物质名词II.名词的教：1.规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式,一艘在单数形式后面加F或Fh现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下，规则例词1一般情况在同尾加七map-map£□ sea-seas^ gir l -girls, day-days2以白，e, ch1sh生百尾的名词.E加-ESclass-alassesjb oz_boxe &wat ch Fat ches,dish -dishes3以-f或士变-£和-fu为p再加，esleaf-l eaves, thief-thieves, knife-lmives, loaf-loaves^ wife-wives结尾的词加-sbelie f_b el iefchie f-c：h iefs^ pr cx>f-pr oofs,rooftoofSj gulf-gu1fs4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加"CSparty-parties,fami ly-fami lies,storystcries, city-cities5以兀音字母加y转尾的名词，或专有名词 以了结尾的，加Ftoy-toySj boy-boys3 day-days^ raj-iaysdHenry-Henrys6以辅音字母 加-。

结尾的名词一能加FShero-hcroes^, Negro&Negroe% potato^potatoes, tomato&tomatoes不少外来词加Fp i ano-p ianoSj,ph&t o-phot os^au to-auto 园;kilo_ki 1 QSj solo-solos两者皆可zero-zer os/zeroespvo1cano - u olcanoes/volcanos।7以元音字母加F结尾的名词加Fradirradlos, bamboo-bambocszoo-zoos8以一小结尾的名词加Ftrut h- truth邑mou th -jn.out.hs.month-niont h 勒path.-paths2.不规则名词复数：英语里有些名词的复数形式是型野5,现归纳如下:规则例词--改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式mamien, wonoi^wonien, footafeet, goosey ees e3 iDouse-mice2单复数相同sheeps deer, seriesj means, worksfishj species Li, yuan, j in,3只有复数形式ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks^ goods, glasses, cowasse3, contents4一些集体名词总是用作复数people^ police, catt le3 staff部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也 年以作复数（成员）audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, connittee, government, population, crew, tcanv public, enemy, party6复数形式表示特别含义customs（海关），forces（军队）“ times（时代）， spirits （情绪），dr inks （饮料），sands （沙滩），papers （文 件报纸），manners（礼貌）,looks （外表），brains（头脑智 力），greens （青菜），ruins （废墟）表 示“某国 人”加-SAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans单复数同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese以man或-woman结尾的改为-men, -womenEng 1 i shmcn, Frenchwomen合 涿名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers, boy friends无主体名词时将最后一部分变 为复数grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches将两部分变为复数women singers, men servantsIII.名词的所有格，名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。

所有格分两种:一是名词词尾加’S构成，二是由介词of加名词构成前者多表示有生命的东西.后者多表示无生命的东西L ' s所有格的构成：单数名词在末尾加'sthe boy's father. Jack's book, her son-in-law, s photo,复数名词一般在末尾加'the teachers， rooiv the twins， mother.不规则复数名词后加'sthe children' s toys, womeny s rights,以S结尾的人名所有格加'S或者'Dickens' novels, Charless job, the Smiths' house表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均 须加'sJapan' s and America，s problems, Jane，s and Mary' s bikes表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末 加'sJapan and America' s problems, Jane and Mary' s father表示“某人家“店铺"，所有格后名 词省略the doctor，s, the barbers, the tailor' s, my uncles2.'s所有格的用法:表示时间today' s newspaper, five weeksf holiday2表示自然现象the earths atmosphere, the tree' s branches3表示国家城市等地方的名 词the country9 s plan, the world s population, China，s industry4表示工作群体the ship，s crew, majority s view, the team' s victory5表示度量衡及价值a mil/s journey, five dollars' worth of applesC与人类活动有特殊关系的 名词the life , s time, the play，s plot7某些固定词组a bird' s eye view, a stones throw, at one f s witf s end（/f 知所措）3.。

£所有格的用法：用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year students用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed冠词冠词分为不定冠词(a, an) ,定冠词(the).和零冠词I .不定冠词的用法，指一类人或事，相当于a kind ofA plane is a machine that can fly.4第一次提及某人某物,非特指A boy is waiting for you.；表示“每一”相当于every, oneWe study eight hours a day.*表示“相同”相当于the sameWe are nearly of an age.1用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某 落人有类似性质的人或事A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were out That boy is rather a Lei Feng.1用于固定词组中A couple of, a bit, once upon a tine, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time用于 quite, rather, many, half, what, such 之后This room is rather a big one.Li 用于so (as, too, how) +形容词之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.II.定冠词的用法,1表示某一类人或物The horse is a useful animal.2用于世上独一无二的事物名词前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean3表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或 事Would you mind opening the door?4用干乐器前面play the viol in, play the guitar5用于形容词和分词前表示一类人the reach, the living, the wounded6表示“一家人”或“夫妇”the Greens, the Wangs7用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前He is the taller of the two chiIdren.g用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的 名词前the United States, the Comunist Party of China, the Frencha w用于表示发明物的单数名词前The compass was invented in China.10在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代in the 1990' s11用于表示单位的名词前I hired 二he car by the hour.12用于方位名词，身体部位名词，及表示时间 的词组前He patted me on the shoulder.III.零冠词的用法:专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等 生词前Beijing Ihiversity, Jack, China, love, air名词前有 this, my, vhose, some, no, each, every等限制I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?3 季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前March, Sunday, Nati8al Day, spr ing4表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前Lincoln vas made President of America.5学科,语言，球类，棋类名词前He likes playing footba11/chess.6 与by连用表示交通工具的名词前by train, by air。