2022年考博英语-中南大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解32.docx

2022年考博英语-中南大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题Since the surface of the hole must be stress free, the stress in the （  ）of the hole must be modified from the uniaxial tension.问题1选项A.emptyB.vicinityC.beleaguerD.cavity【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析empty空的东西； vicinity 附近，近处；beleaguer围攻；cavity腔，洞句意：因为孔的表面必须无压力，洞附近的压力必须从单轴拉伸进行修改根据句意可知B项正确2. 单选题For 150 years scientists have tried to determine the solar constant, the amount of solar energy that reaches the Earth. Yet, even in the most cloud-free regions of the planet, the solar constant cannot be measured precisely. Gas molecules and dust particles in the atmosphere absorb and scatter sunlight and prevent some wavelengths of the light from ever reaching the ground.With the advent of satellites, however, scientists have finally been able to measure the Sun’s output without being impeded by the Earth's atmosphere. Solar Max, a satellite from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA), has been measuring the Sun's output since February 1980. Although a malfunction in the satellite’s control system limited its observation for a few years, the satellite was repaired in orbit by astronauts from the space shuttle in 1984. max’s observations indicate that solar constant is not really constant after all. The satellite’s instruments have detected frequent, small variation in the Sun’s energy output, generally amounting to no more than 0.05 percent of the Sun's mean energy output and lasting from a few days to a few weeks. Scientists believe these fluctuations coincide with the appearance and disappearance of large groups of sunspots on the Sun’s disk. Sunspots are relatively dark regions on the Sun's surface that have strong magnetic fields and a temperature about 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit cooler than the rest of the Sun's surface. Particularly large fluctuations in the solar constant have coincided with sightings of large sunspot groups. In 1980, for example, Solar Max’s instruments registered a 0.3 percent drop in the solar energy reaching the Earth. At that time a sunspot group covered about 0.6 percent of the solar disk, an area 20 times than the Earth's surface.Long-term variations in the solar constant are more difficult to determine. Although Solar Max's data have indicated a slow and steady decline in the Sun's output, some scientists have thought that the satellite's aging detectors might have become less sensitive over the years, thus falsely indicating a drop in the solar constant. This possibility was dismissed, however, by comparing Solar Max's observations with data from a similar instrument operating on NASA’s Nimbus 7 weather satellite since 1978.1.Why is it not possible to measure the solar constant accurately without a satellite?2. Why did scientists think that Solar Max might be giving unreliable information?3.The attempt to describe the solar constant can best be described as （  ）.4.What does this passage mainly discuss?问题1选项A.The Earth is too far from the Sun.B.Some areas on Earth receive more solar energy than others.C.There is not enough sunlight during the day.D.The Earth’s atmosphere interferes with the sunlight.问题2选项A.Solar Max did not work for the first few years.B.The space shuttle could not fix Solar Max's instruments.C.Solar Max's instruments were getting old.D.Nimbus 7 interfered with Solar Max’s detectors.问题3选项A.ongoing research effortB.an issue that has been resolvedC.a question that can never be answeredD.historically interesting, but irrelevant to contemporary concerns问题4选项A.The launching of a weather satellite.B.The components of the Earth's atmosphere.C.The measurement of variations in the solar constant.D.The interaction of sunlight and air pollution.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。

定位到“Gas molecules and dust particles in the atmosphere absorb and scatter sunlight and prevent some wavelengths of the light from ever reaching the ground.大气中的气体分子和尘埃粒子吸收和散射阳光，阻止某些波长的光到达地面可知D项“地球的大气层干扰阳光符合题意2.细节事实题由本文的最后一段，“Although Solar Max's data have indicated a slow and steady decline in the Sun's output, some scientists have thought that the satellite's aging detectors might have become less sensitive over the years, thus falsely indicating a drop in the solar constant. 尽管Solar Max的数据显示，太阳的产出在缓慢而稳定地下降，但一些科学家认为，随着时间的推移，卫星上老化的探测器可能变得不那么敏感，从而错误地显示出太阳常数的下降。

卫星探测器由于历经时间较长，对太阳常数的敏感度有所下降可知C项“ Solar Max的探测器变老旧了”符合题意3.推理判断题由文章最后一段第一句“Long-term variations in the solar constant are more difficult to determine. 太阳常数的长期变化更难确定可知 对太阳常数测量的尝试被认为是持续的一种研究过程，因此科研人员想要测量太阳常数的努力还需要继续A项符合题意4.主旨大意题本篇文章作者主要阐述的是在科学家研发出太阳卫星后，可以对太阳常数的恒量测出比较精确的值，但是测量的过程中有其他外界因素的干扰，从而导致测量结果不是那么准确可知C项“测量太阳常数的变化”正确3. 单选题When he was accused of being a （  ），he retorted he was not a quack.问题1选项A.traitorB.prodigyC.charlatanD.plagiarist【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析A选项traitor“叛徒”；B选项。