表格式英语语法大全.doc

基本语法表格人称代词和物主代词第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数 (现在时, 动词+s/es)复数人称代词主格Iweyouyousheheittheythese宾格meusyouyouherhimitthemthose物主代词(…的)物主性myouryouryourherhisitstheirthese名词性mineoursyoursyourshershisitstheirsthose反身代词自己myselfourselvesyourselfyourselvesherselfhimselfitselfthemselvesthemselves动词有5种形式原形 第三人称单数（+ s/es）过去时（+ ed）现在分词（+ ing）过去分词（+ ed）playplaysplayedbe + playinghave/has/had + playedwatchwatcheswatched watching watcheddodoesdiddoing donebuybuysbought buying boughtthinkthinksthought thinking thoughtteachteachestought teaching tought动词有4个种类实义动词like; read; watch; sit; buy肯定句直接用；变成否定句和疑问句，就必须用助动词do/does/did 来帮忙“三类动词”助动词do/does/did 主要用来帮助实义动词变成否定句或疑问句Be动词be原形 – am/is/are现在时 – was/were过去时 – being进行时 –been完成时情态动词can–could能够； will–would打算、将要；shall–should打算、将要、应该；may–might可以、也许；must必须；need需要； have to 不得不； ought to应该注意：助动词和情态动词后面的动词只能用原形。

句子从功能上有4种分类种类名称用法1．陈述句（1）肯定句 I like English.（2）否定句①在“三类动词”后 + not I can’t speak English②没“三类动词”，用do/does/did帮忙 I don’t like English2．疑问句（1）一般疑问句①把“三类动词”放在句子的开头，末尾加问号“？” Can you speak English?②没“三类动词”，用do/does/did帮忙 Do you like English?（2）特殊疑问句疑问词 + “三类动词”放在句子的开头，末尾加问号“？” What do you like?疑问词：what; who; whose; where; when=what time; why; which; how; how old; how long; how soon; how far; how much; how many; how often（3）反义疑问句①提问时：前后相反（前面肯定，后面否定；前面否定，后面肯定） I like English, don’t you?②回答时：前后一致（用什么问，就用什么答） Yes, I do. No, I don’t.3．祈使句用动词原形放在句首，表示“建议、命令、要求”某人做某事 Do it by yourself.4．感叹句（1）How引导①How + 形容词 How beautiful! = How beautiful she is! ②How +形容词+ a/an + 可数名词 How beautiful a girl! 多美的女孩！（2）What引导③What + a/an +形容词+ 可数名词 What a beautiful girl! 多美的女孩！④What +形容词+不可数名词 What fine weather!=How fine the weather is!注意事项①分清实义动词和“三类动词”②变化句子时, “三类动词”直接用, 如果是实义动词, 只能用助动词帮忙, 注意人称和时态的一致性.③助动词和情态动词后面的动词永远只能用原形. (看下面的例子, had在did后面变为原形have)④have/has/had单独使用是实义动词, 变句子时, 需要助动词do/does/did帮忙；在完成时态中, 是助动词, 则直接使用。

need和dare的用法也类似，不过两个词只在否定句和疑问句中做情态动词，其他情况做实义动词）I had breakfast at 7:00 this morning. (had实义动词) I had played computer before you came back home. (had助动词) I didn’t have breakfast at 7:00 this morning. I had not played computer before you came back home. Did you have breakfast at 7:00 this morning? Had you played computer before I came back home? What did you do at 7:00 this morning? What had you done before I came back home? When did you have breakfast? When did you play computer? Who had breakfast at 7:00 this morning? Who had played computer before you came back home?可数名词的复数构成举例1在名词后面加sfathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas2以s, x, sh, ch, th结尾的，加esboxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes, foxes3以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加esbaby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies,4以元音字母加y结尾的直接加sday-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, way-ways5以o结尾加s（外来词）；但如是辅音加o的加esradios, photostomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯6以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加esknife-knives,half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves7一般只有复数，没有单数的有clothes; wages; people, crew, staff, police; pants, shorts, shoes, spectacles=glasses, gloves, socks, trouses; scissors; （由两部分组成的东西）8特殊形式的有child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, goose-geese, mouse-mice, sheep-sheep; man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen9合成词的复数一般只把后面一个词变为复数action movie--action movies, pen pal--pen pals;10如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数，则前后两个词都要变为复数man doctor--men doctors, woman teacher--women teachers 11既可以是单数也可以是复数的一些集合名词police警察局，警察；class班，同学；family家，家庭成员；organization机构；army军队；data 数据； jury 陪审团； audience 观众；enemy 敌人；media 媒体；bacteria 细菌；navy 海军；committee 委员会；flock 羊群12单复数相同fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese13单复数意思不同fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类,paper纸 papers报纸，卷子，论文work工作 works作品，工厂glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼镜orange桔子水 oranges橙子light光线 lights灯cloth布 clothes衣服people人 peoples民族time时间 times时代, 次数chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡water水 waters水域；公海wood 木板； woods树林14常用的不可数名词water, milk, fruit, meat, food, paper, air, weather, rice, ice, furniture家具sheep羊肉, fish鱼肉 （动物表示肉类）注：①一般而言，抽象名词都是不可数名词，只有单数形式，没复数形式；但抽象名词具体化后，则由不可数名词变成可数名词。

Would you like to have a walk(swim, bath, talk) with me? have a look，have a try. It is a waste of time reading such a novel.She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings. Physics is a science.②动词的第三人称单数的变。