阴离子型gemini表面活性剂的合成、性质及其应用性能探讨.pdf

I 阴离子型 Gemini 表面活性剂的合成、性质及其应用性能探讨 中 文 摘 要 普通表面活性剂分子中含有一条亲油链和一个亲水基， 而 Gemini 表面活性剂可 看作是由两个单链单头基普通表面活性剂在离子头基处通过化学键联结而成的一种 新型表面活性剂实验表明，Gemini 表面活性剂普遍具有比普通表面活性剂高得多 的表面活性，所以它具有较为广阔的应用前景目前关于此类化合物的研究已成为表 面活性剂化学研究的热点领域 本文探讨了一类以乙二胺为联结基团的阴离子型 Gemini 表面活性剂的合成路 线，通过实验确定了较理想的合成方法，以乙二胺、丙烯酸甲酯和脂肪酰氯为主要原 料，通过加成、酰化、皂化等反应合成了一系列羧酸盐 Gemini 表面活性剂双脂肪酰 基乙二胺二丙酸钠（DAMC-10、DAMC-12 和 DAMC-16） ，并通过红外光谱法和核磁 共振谱法对其结构进行了表征 分别测定了 DAMC-10、DAMC-12 和 DAMC-16 的表面张力γcmc、临界胶束浓 度 cmc 和润湿、泡沫等表面性能参数，它们的 cmc 仅分别为 9.33×10-5、5.49×10-5、 3.39×10-4mol/L，表明它们具有比普通表面活性剂低 2 个数量级的 cmc，降低表面张 力的效率更高，其中 DAMC-10、DAMC-12 有着良好的润湿和泡沫性能。

用表面张力法研究了阴离子 Gemini 表面活性剂 DAMC-12 与水溶性高分子化合 物聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、 聚乙烯醇(PVA)、 聚乙二醇(PEG4000)及羟乙基-L-乙基纤维 素之间的相互作用，结果表明 DAMC-12 分别与它们有着不同程度的相互作用，其中 与 PVP 的相互作用最明显，它们的混合体系表面张力与浓度曲线出现了典型的双拐 点现象 将合成的一系列羧酸盐 Gemini 表面活性剂用作真丝织物的精练剂进行了其应用 性能探讨，发现与传统工业皂相比，它们在用量明显小于工业皂的情况下得到了较好 的精练效果其中 DAMC-12 在用量仅为 2g/L，精练时间仅为 30min 时，其脱胶率就 II 达到了 24.1%，毛效值达到 8.5cm，且练后织物的手感的和光泽要明显好于用工业皂 精练后的织物 关键词：关键词：阴离子 Gemini 表面活性剂 合成 表面性能 相互作用 精练剂 作 者：樊鹏鹍 指导老师：王祥荣 III Research on The Synthesis，，Properties and Applications of Anionic Gemini Surfactants Abstract Comparing to ordinarysurfactants which have single hydrophobic and single hydrophilic group per molecule,Gemini surfactants are made up of two amphiphilic moieties connected at the level of the head groups by a spacer group. Most research work have manifested that Gemini surfactants have higher performance than ordinary surfactants. So they are wildly used surfactants with prospect. Owing to this, studies on the novel surfactants have attracted considerable attention in surface chemistry domain. In this paper, we studied the synthesized method of a kind of anionic Gemini surfactants which is coupled by ethylenediamin. Three kinds of anionic gemini surfactant, alkanediy l- α,ω-bis(sodium N-acy l-β-alaninate) ( DAMC-10, DAMC-12 and DAMC-16) ,were synthesized by addition, acylation and soap reaction, in which ethylenediamine,methylacrylate and fatty chloride were used as main materials. They were characterized by IR and 1HNMR. The surfactant propertise of DAMC-10, DAMC-12 and DAMC-16 were investigated, which is include Surface tention and The critical micelle concentration (cmc). And their cmc are 9.33×10-5、5.49×10-5、3.39×10-4 mol/L, it shows that their efficiency of reducing surface tention of solution is better than the ordinary surfactant. DAMC-10 and DAMC-12 also show nice wettability and foaming ability. By means of surface tention measurements , the mutual effect was sudied between the anionic Gemini surfactants DAMC-12 and four kinds of water-solubility macromolecule compound (PVP, PVA, PEG and ethyl cellulose). The result shows that they have different mutual effect with eath other. DAMC-12 and PVP have the best representative mutual effect. Their mixed system shows an typical curve of surface tention and concentration which have two inflexion. Application propertise of a series of syntheised carboxylate Gemini surfactants was IV studied as the degumming agent of silk fabric. It shows that they are best than traditional industrial soap,because the Geminis can take a better result than traditional industrial soap with lower dosage. As a degumming agent , DAMC-12 can takes silk fabric better handle and capillarity in 2g/L concetration and 30min time. The degumming degree is 24.1%, capillarity is 8.5cm. Key words: anionic Gemini surfactants; synthesize; surface properties; mutual effect ; degumming agent. Written by: Fan Pengkun Supervised by: Wang Xiangrong 目 录 第一章 绪论………………………………………………………………………………1 1.1 表面活性剂概述………………………………………………………………………1 1.2 Gemini 表面活性剂及其发展历史…………………………………………………2 1.3 Gemini 表面活性剂的表面活性及研究意义………………………………………4 1.4 表面活性剂与水溶性高分子化合物的相互作用……………………………………7 1.5 Gemini 表面活性剂的应用…………………………………………………………8 1.6 本课题的研究意义、内容和方法……………………………………………………11 参考文献…………………………………………………………………………………13 第二章 阴离子 Gemini 表面活性剂的合成路线探讨…………………………………16 2.1 阴离子 Gemini 表面活性剂的合成进展……………………………………………16 2.2 以乙二胺为联结基团的Gemini表面活性剂合成路线的设计……………………20 2.2.1 先在乙二胺上引入疏水链，再引入亲水基…………………………………21 2.2.2 先在乙二胺上引入亲水基，再引入疏水链…………………………………22 2.3 以乙二胺为联结基团的Gemini表面活性剂合成路线的选择确定………………25 参考文献…………………………………………………………………………………27 第三章 N ,N ′- 双脂肪酰基乙二胺二丙酸钠的合成及表征………………………28 3.1 实验部分……………………………………………………………………………29 3.1.1 试剂……………………………………………………………………………29 3.1.2 仪器设备………………………………………………………………………29 3.1.3 合成步骤………………………………………………………………………29 3.1.4 测试方法………………………………………………………………………31 3.2 结果与讨论…………………………………………………………………………32 3.2.1 中间体乙二胺二丙酸钠的结构表征………………………………………32 3.2.2 终产物N ,N ′- 双脂肪酰基乙二胺二丙酸钠的结构表征………………32 3.3 小结…………………………………………………………………………………36 参考文献…………………………………………………………………………………37 第四章 Gemini 表面活性剂的表面化学性质评价……………………………………38 4.1 实验部分……………………………………………………………………………39 4.1.1 试剂……………………………………………………………………………39 4.1.2 仪器设备………………………………………………………………………39 4.1.3 实验方法………………………………………………………………………39 4.2 结果与讨论…………………………………………………………………………41 4.2.1 Gemini 表面活性剂的表面活性……………………………………………41 4.2.2 Gemini 表面活性剂润湿能力的讨论…………………………………………44 4.2.3 Gemini 表面活性剂泡沫性能的讨论…………………………………………46 4.3 小结…………………………………………………………………………………47 参考文献………。