牛津译林模块四 unit2 Grammar and usage.ppt

GrammarandusageModalverbs:generalintroduction&comparisons Tolearnthegeneralmeaningsandfunctionsofmodalverbs Tolearnhowtouseseveralcommonmodalverbs Tolearnthedifferencesofthethreepairsofmodalverbsonpage30Now,manyofuscanspeakEnglishquitewell,butafewyearsago,wecouldnt.Yesorno?Ifwetalkabouttheabilitysomeonehas,weusethemodalverbcan.Ifwewanttoexpressthatitisnecessaryforustodosomething,whatmodalverbdoweuse?mustWhatothermodalverbscanyouthinkof?Modalverbs情态动词can/could表能力(1)Idontthinkhecansolvetheproblemwithoutanyhelp.(2)Canyouhelpmetoworkoutthismathsproblem?ought to/should1.表示义务，“应该”，用于各种人称。

You should respectyourparents. You shouldnt spend much time surfing the Internet.2.表示推测，“想必，估计”的意思 IfTomstartstoday,he should completetheprojectintime.3.表示与想象的不一样“照说应该” IwonderwhereMikeis.He should beherenow. YoushouldnthavetoldDavidwhatMiketoldyou.4.在表示建议、命令、要求动词后用虚拟语气Myfriendssuggested thatI (should) pay visittoshanghainextmonth.Thechairmandemandedthatwe (should) solvetheproblematonce.5.表示惊讶、忧虑、惋惜等感情色彩Iamreallysurprisedthatheshouldtalktohisparentsthatway.Roseshouldturnhimdown.Roseoughtto/will/mustgivemeahandwheneverIamintrouble.haveto/musthave to表客观需求must表主观愿望 Ihave to finishtheworkbefore7 oclock. We must makeeveryefforttoprotectthe Earth. You must workhardtoachieveyourlifegoal. Rose might becomeupsetatthenews.Rose may beprettybusynow.Rose could cookmealsforherself2yearsago. Johnisntheretoattendtheparty.Hemustbereviewinghisnotesforthebigexamtomorrow.certainty表示可能性might/may/could/should/oughtto/will/mustMakerequests提出要求will;can;could;wouldA:Can/Will/Could/Wouldyoulendmesomemoney?IthappensthatIdonthaveanywithme.B:Yes,Ican/will/can/will.Makesuggestions提出建议Shallwe/I/he/she/theyturnintheprojecttoday?shall常用于第一、三人称，表示征求对方意见。

A:Shallhecomein?B:OK.Makeoffers提出请求Illwashyoursportsjacket.ShallIgetaticketforyou?Shallwecarrythebooksforyou?ShallIcleantheblackboardforyou?Giveadvice给出忠告Youshouldnot/oughtnottospeaktohimlikethat.Weshouldfocusonourwork.Weshouldnotlaughatthosewhoaredisabled.can/beabletocan的形式只有can，could两种;beableto的形式有am/is/areableto，was/wereableto，have/hasbeenableto等多种can一般指一个人的能力；beableto经过努力后而达到的一定程度Mybrothercanplaytabletennis.Mybrotherisabletodiveunderwaterfor10minutes.shall/willshall表达诺言；will表示决心或决定(1) Takeiteasy.Youshallbeofferedajobinthiscompany.(2)Mikewillsparenoefforttostudy.mustnt/needntmustnt表示“禁止，不许”语气强烈；neednt表示“不需要，没有必要”语气较为缓和。

1)Youmustntmissthespeechtobedeliveredtomorrow.Itsofgreatimportance.(2)Youneedntdothatifyoudontwantto.(3)Mustwecleantheclassroom?Yes,youmust./No,youneednt.(4)Itisafive-minutewalkfromthestationtomyhouse.Youneednthavetakenataxi. (However,youdidtakeataxi.)Haveatry!You are writing an article for the school magazine about how cities are chosen to host the Olympic Games. Go through the list showing what is important for a candidate city. Then use the information to complete the article.convenient transport:recommendedEnglish-speaking citizens:recommendedinternational airport:necessarysports stadium:necessarytraining grounds:necessaryhotels:recommendedWhenchoosingacitytohosttheOlympics,therearecertainthingsweneedtoconsider.First,thecity(1)_(must,should)haveanOlympicstadiumandalso(2)_(hasto,oughtto)providefirst-classtraininggrounds.Thechosencity(3)_(must,should)alsohaveplentyofgoodhotelsand(4)_(could,must)haveaninternationalairportnearby.musthastoshouldmustPublictransport(5)_(hasto,oughtto)beconvenient.Finally,weshouldthinkaboutthepeoplewholiveinthecity.Manyofthepeople(6)_(should,might)speakatleastalittleEnglish,whichwouldbeveryhelpfulfortourists.oughttoshouldZhou Jianping is interested in winter swimming and wants to practise it. He wrote a letter to his friend Li Ming, a winter swimmer, for advice. Help Li Ming complete his reply using modal verbs.HiJianpingIwasgladtoreceiveyourletterandamhappytotellwhatIthinkaboutwinterswimming.Iknowthatyouareasportsfanandlikeswimmingverymuch.Imprettysureyou(1)_swimverywell.However,winterswimming(2)_bedangerous.Isuggestyoujoinaswimmingclubandlearnfromacoach.Readingabookonwinterswimmingwillalsobehelpful.Goswimmingeverydaythroughsummerandautumn.Whenwintercomes,swimforjustafewminutesatnooneveryday.cancan/couldDosomeexercisesasapreparationbeforeyouswim.Otherwise,you(3)_hurtyourself.Toprotectyourselffrompossibledangers,you(4)_(not)drinkbeforeswimming.Ifthewaterisverycold,you(5)_(not)swimfortoolong.Whenyougowinterswimming,findagoodplace.may/might/couldmustnt/shouldnt/cantmustnt/shouldnt/cantItsimportanttofindaplacewhereyou(6)_getinandoutofthewatereasily.Finally,you(7)_(not)betooworried.Ifyoujoinaclubandfollowyourcoachsadvice,youwillbeagoodwinterswimmerverysoon!YoursLiMingcanneedntLi Tongtong is a new student. Her classmate Zhao Long offers to help her on her first day at school. Complete the following dialogue using shall or will.ZhaoLong:Hi,Tongtong.IsthereanythingIcandoforyou?LiTongtong:Oh,yes.Idliketosendapostcardtomygrandparents.Wheresthepostoffice?ZhaoLong:Imgoingtothepostofficeafterschool.(1)_Ipostitforyouor(2)_wegotogether?ShallshallLiTongtong:Letsgotogetherth。