Lesson 1 Face to Face with Hurricane Camille.ppt

Face to Face with Hurricane Camille Lesson 1 Face to Face with Hurricane Camille   Teaching Objectives•To  learn how the writer gives a vivid description of actions in terms of lexical, sentential and textual level;•To learn how Americans fight against the hurricaneBackground Information•Hurricane (the North Atlantic Ocean): •An extremely violent tropical storm, attaining speed greater than 75 miles per hour.•Use girls’ names to identify hurricanes in the Atlantic, Caribbean, and Gulf of Mexico since 1953. •The names were given in alphabetical order. •In 1980 a hurricane was given a man’s name (Hurricane David)•Hurricane season begins June 1 and ends Nov. 30. similar terms•typhoon: a very violent tropical storm which occurs over the West Pacific Ocean and China seas. Typhoons are given serial numbers. （台风）•cyclone: a violent tropical storm in which the air goes round and round , which occurs over the Indian Ocean.（龙卷风）•tornado: a violent wind storm consisting of tall column of air (funnel cloud) which spins round very fast and causes a lot of damage （陆龙卷）翻译不同的“风”•我们享受着湖面上吹来的凉爽的微风。

•We are enjoying the cool breeze that comes from the lake.•一阵大风吹走了我的帽子•A gust of wind blew my hat off.•这船的桅杆被强风吹断了•The ship lost her masts in the gale.Hurricane CamilleHurricane Camille (August 17, 1969 ) is said to be the worst storm ever to hit mainland United States. With winds in excess of 200 mph and tides over 20 feet, Hurricane Camille smashed into the Mississippi Gulf Coast on Sunday night, the 17th of August and continued its devastating path until the early hours of Monday, the 18th. The combination of winds, surges, and rainfalls caused 256 deaths and $1.421 billion in damage. •apartment building in Mississippi before and after Camille What’s the type of the text?•narration (the telling of a story) •characters (people): --Pop Koshak --Grandma Koshak --John Koshak --Janis Koshak --Seven children --Charles, a friend --neighbors --pets conflict/struggle: • people --- people people --- nature people --- society people --- themselves protagonist (hero) --- antagonist (enemy) John Koshak, Jr.--- the hurricaneWhat is the story about?•It describes the heroic struggle of the Koshaks and their friends against the forces of a devastating hurricane Camille.  •What does the writer focus chiefly on---developing character, action (plot), or idea (theme)?•The story focuses mainly on action, but the writer also clearly and sympathetically delineate(描绘）the characters in the story.How did the author present the event?•The event is presented in order of their occurrence, following the natural time sequence of the happenings.•chronological order•General pattern of narration: •introduction •(time, place, characters, background); •development (suspense, tension)•climax•conclusion (denouement)•Where is the climax of the event?•Para. 27 • •Why do you think so? Because from there on the story moves rapidly to its conclusion. What’s the theme (the idea / purpose behind the story) of the story?“We lost practically all our possessions, but the family came through it. When I think of that, I realize we lost nothing important.” The most important thing is the spirit fighting against the difficulties which could never be taken away.Family safety is more important than material possessions.Organization of the text•Part I(para.1-6): preparation for the hurricane •(introductory paragraphs: the time, place and background of the conflict---man versus hurricanes)•Part II(para.7-27): details of their struggle against the hurricane•Part III(para.28-35): getting help and rebuilding community •Part IV(para.36-39): revealing the theme  •the title: face to face•Confronting one another•The confrontation is generally with something dangerous, difficult or hard to resolve.A Detailed Study of the Text•The news brings him face to face with the truth about his daughter’s disappearance. •This was the first time I’d ever come face to face with poverty.What do you think of the title?•It is succinct and presents the article as vividly and forcefully as possible to attract the attention of readers. The phrase “face to face” connotes a sense of urgency and danger. The would-be readers would not control themselves to finish reading it in a breath. Detailed Study of Section One (1-6)Before the hurricane1) Does the first paragraph have a topic sentence? (First sentence)2) How is the paragraph developed? (facts and reasons) (to show how he knew that the hurricane would be bad.)3) What is the function of the last sentence? (introduction of some other characters and transition to the most important point---why he decided not to abandon his home)•4) Find out vivid words describing the hurricane. Lash: (wind, rain, or water) to strike with great force; dash against. The waves lashed the smooth cliffs. The worst winter storms of the century lashed the east coast of China. Suddenly rain lashed against the windows.Pummel: to beat or hit with repeated blows, esp. with the fist. The thief was pushed and pummeled by an angry crowd. He trapped the man in a corner and pummeled him ferociously for thirty seconds.5) What was John Koshak Jr. ’s job?He is a self-employed businessmanMagna product -- the name of his company6) Why did the writer choose this family?implication: How great the loss it would be if the house was destroyed.7)Why did John decide to stay and face the dangers of a devastating hurricane?His present house was in a better condition than his former house.(They were not in real danger)Blends    motel (motor+hotel)    boatel (boat+hotel)brunch  (breakfast + lunch)chunnel  (channel + tunnel) 海底隧道slurbs  (slum + suburbs)slanguage (slang + language)cafetorium (cafe + auditorium)兼作礼堂的自助餐厅 talkthon  ( talk + marathon)filmusical ( film + musical)comsat  (communications + satellite)•We’re elevated 23 feet.•We are 23 feet above sea level.•yard: (abbr. yd) unit of length, equal to 3 feet (36 inches) or 0.9144 metre 码码 •bother: cause any damageA good: a general intensive, meaning “ full” 足足足足(程度程度\数量数量)我们足足等了三个小时我们足足等了三个小时.昨晚昨晚Bill在酒馆里喝得烂醉在酒馆里喝得烂醉.从这到火车站足足有五个小时的车程从这到火车站足足有五个小时的车程.他父母亲狠狠地揍了他一顿他父母亲狠狠地揍了他一顿. We waited for a good three hours.Bill had a good drink at the pub last night.It is a good five hours to drive to the railway station.His parents gave him a good beating.★batten down and ride it outbatten –a long board used for fastening other pieces of wood to batten down --- to fasten covers over the hatches of a ship, especially in preparing for a storm.e.g. There’s a storm coming, so let’s batten down the hatches.to ride it out-- to stay afloat during a storm without too much damage ----metaphor：comparing the house in a hurricane to a ship fighting a storm at sea. We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage. 8) What preparations did they make?Topic sentence in Para.5 –methodically (systematically and orderly) (mains: principal pipes water mains: water supply)Filled bathtubs and pails—for waterChecked out batteries and flashlights—for lights Portable radio—for contact of the outside world, for information Fuel—for electric power Generator—for power Refrigerator—for foodIn places where earthquakes or floods often occur, people should learn how to prepare and cope with them.9) How did the author describe the clouds? What’s the implication? scud －－(esp of ships, etc or clouds) move quickly and smoothly （swiftly） （尤指船舰或云彩）高速而平稳地移动；                                                    急行，急驶 －－The yacht was scudding along before the wind.那艘快艇正乘风笔直疾驶.  •clouds scudding across the sky •在天空中掠过的飞云. •The speed of these clouds is an indication of the swiftness with which the storm is approaching. 10) Why did the neighbor come to the Koshaks?Sit Out:l坐着看完坐着看完,待到待到(散场散场). I didn’t enjoy the play, but we sat it out.b)等到等到…结束结束,静等到底静等到底. They’ll try to sit out the crisis. We’ll sit it out to the very end.c)坐在户外坐在户外. It’s so nice to sit out when the sun is warm in winter.How many onslaughts did the hurricane make on the Koshaks ?-on the first floorthe house was leaking. They used all kinds of utensils to fight against the water.-on the staircase When the sea water reached the house, they retreated to the staircaseDetailed study of Section 2 (7-27)3. in the bedroomWhen the stairs were broken, they retreated to the bedroom.(p 19-20) interposition    1) giving additional information about the devastating force of the hurricane, implying if anyone could survive, it must be a wonder.     2) creating suspense4. in the TV room  When the bedroom walls collapsed, they had to retreat to the TV room.Focusing on the description ofWindWater & rainHurricane forceHouse People’s reactionswind•(para 7) Wind and rain whipped the house. •(a metaphor: Strong wind and rain were lashing the house as if with a whip. This sentence describes the manner of wind blowing)•(para 7) As the wind mounted to a roar. •(the word ‘mount’ shows that the sound was increasing, dynamic).•(para 8) The roar of the hurricane now was overwhelming. (this sentence gives a static description).•(para13) The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. •(This sentence uses a simile to give a concrete image)•(para 19) it shot out winds of nearly 200 m. p h. •(the speed of the wind)•(para 21) Seconds after the roof blew off the house •(it tells the power of the wind)•(para 24) the wind tore out one wall and extinguished the lantern.•(para 27) the wind slightly diminished.•(The force of the wind became weak.)Mount•to gradually increase, rise, or get bigger:•The children's excitement is mounting as Christmas gets nearer.•Mounting: gradually increasing•mounting anxiety/excitement•mounting debts•to fix something on a wall, in a frame etc., so that it can be viewed or used:•The children's work has been mounted on cards and put up on the walls of the classroom.•The CCTV camera is mounted above the main door.Rain & water•(7) The rain seemingly driven right through the walls •(8) Water rose above their ankles.•(9) a blast of water hit the house, flinging open the door and shoving them down the hall….The water was rising by the minute.•(a sudden powerful stream; push roughly; push quickly and violently)•That water tasted salty. •(11) the water too deep to flee on foot•(impossible to escape)•(13) water inched its way up the steps.•(move slowly)•(17) water lap at the steps•(touch gently and make a soft sound)•(21) the slashing rain•(driving; having great force)•(27) The water began receding.•(moving away)那雨水好像能穿墙透壁，往屋里直灌。

 一股水浪冲击过来撞开了大门，把两人都掀倒在地板上 海水漫过一级一级的台阶 海水渐渐地漫上了楼梯 倾盆大雨 fling: to throw violently or with force.; to move, to put quickly or violently. 投, 掷, 猛冲, 急冲, 嘲弄, 讥笑•Fling mud at sb.•污蔑某人，毁谤某人•To fling down; toss.•投掷；急抛•Fling proprieties away.•抛开礼俗•Fling off one's pursuers•甩开追踪者•Fling out in a rage•怒气冲冲地离去shove-- push with a quick, rather violent movement用力推，挤 ; 猛推 •He dragged her out to the door and shoved her into the street.•The car won't start. Can you give it a shove?Inch: n. vt. vi.—move very slowly, carefully, or with difficulty The climber inched up the vertical rock. The police were searching the area inch by inch.译：译：救护车慢慢地穿过人群。

救护车慢慢地穿过人群 他把车一点一点地往前开他把车一点一点地往前开 书架上堆满了书书架上堆满了书 The ambulance inched its way through the crowd. He inched the car forward. Every inch of shelf space was crammed with books.The hurricane（para18-27）(para 18) The hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air. (swipe: a big, hard, sweeping blow)(lift: as a strong person personification)(skim—to throw so as to cause to bounce swiftly and light. It shows how powerful the hurricane was)(para19) the storm…in its concentrated breadth of some 70 miles it shot out winds of nearly 200 m.p.h. and raised tides as high as 30 feet. Along the Gulf Coast, it devastated everything in its swath: 19,467 homes and 709 businesses were demolished or severely damaged. It seized a 600,000 gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3 ½ miles away. It tore three large cargo ships from their moorings and beached them. Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. 在飓风中心纵横约70英里的范围内,其风速接近每小时200英里。

掀起的浪头高达30英尺海湾沿岸风过之处,所有东西一扫而光. 19467户人家和709家小商号不是完全被毁,便是遭到严重破坏.高尔夫港一个60万加仑的油罐被狂风刮起, 摔到3.5英里以外 三艘大型货轮被刮离泊位，推上岸滩电线杆和20英寸粗的松树一遇狂风袭击便像连珠炮似的根根断裂para 27) The main thrust of Camille had passed.(direct and forceful attack)Snap: 1) break suddenly with a sharp cracking noise. He shifted his weight and a twig snapped. Every minute or so I could hear a snap, a crack and a crash as another tree went down.2) Move to a position quickly with a sharp sound. The bag snapped open.3) Speak in a sharp, unfriendly way. “I don’t know her”, Roger snapped…I’m sorry, Cassy, I didn’t mean to snap at you like that.4) Lose patience and calmness, become angry. He finally snapped when she prevented their children from visiting him one weekend.5) A snap decision , action: taken too quickly without careful thought. I think this is too important for a snap decision. A snap election/judgment译：她双手抓住管子，试图将它折成两截。

译：她双手抓住管子，试图将它折成两截 他啪地一下把笔记本合上他啪地一下把笔记本合上 Grant第一次也是唯一的一次失控了第一次也是唯一的一次失控了She gripped the pipe with both hands, trying to snap it in half.He snapped the notebook shut.For the first time and only time Grant’s self-control snapped. House•(para 7)…the house began leaking •(para 8)The house shook, and the ceiling in the living room was falling piece by piece. The French doors in an upstairs room blew in with an explosive sound, and the group heard gunlike reports as other upstairs windows disintegrated.•(para 9) Then the front door started to break away from its frame. …but a blast of water hit the house, flinging open the door •(para 13)The house shuddered and shifted on its foundations. Water inched its way up the stairs as first floor outside walls collapsed. (shook suddenly)•(para 18)The bottom steps of the staircase broke apart. One wall began crumbling (shatter) on the marooned group.楼梯底层的几级台阶断裂开来。

有一堵墙眼看着就要倒向这群陷入进退维谷境地的男女老少 House•(para 22) Debris flew as the living-room fireplace and its chimney collapsed. With two walls in their bedroom sanctuary beginning to disintegrate•(para 24)A second wall moved, wavered,…it toppled on him. The house, shuddering and rocking, had moved 25 feet from its foundations.•(para 26) The floor tilted…A third wall gave way.•地板倾斜了又一面墙倒塌了地板倾斜了又一面墙倒塌了French door•French door(8): (especially AmE) = FRENCH WINDOW•最早起源于欧式建筑中一种门体的设计风格，是指非常优美、左右对开、中间无梁的两扇门体 Disintegrate    -- collapse, crumble. fall apart break into many small pieces and is destroyed   分解，碎裂•Is society beginning to ~ ?•Since the Soviet Union  ~ed, the cold war came to an end. •gun-like reports: loud explosive noises like guns being fired  Maroon(18））: vt. Leave abandoned, isolated, or helpless. I’m left feeling lonely, sad and marooned. I am temporarily marooned at home by my injured knee.译：鲁宾逊在岛上孤零零地生活了若干年，他勇敢地译：鲁宾逊在岛上孤零零地生活了若干年，他勇敢地活了下来。

活了下来After years of being marooned on the island, Robinson made himself a brave survivor.Give way（26）1. let oneself be overcome (by sth) 被（某事物）制服: 屈服于…，不再坚持•陷於绝望. • Give way to grief / despair.2. to break under pressure; collapse. 断裂; 倒塌; 垮掉•卡车过重把这座桥压坏了•The bridge gave way under the weight of the lorry. •Her legs suddenly gave way and she fell to the floor. •她两腿突然支持不住摔倒在地板上3. be replaced by sth 被某事物代替•  Steam trains gave way to electric trains. PeopleActions(para 12) As they scrambled back .(para 21) The children huddled in the slashing rain.… Grandma implored,” let’s sing’…she carried on alone for a few bars, then her voice trailed away.•huddle---- crowd, push, or nestle close together, as cows do in a storm, especially because they are cold or frightened挤作一团；蜷缩挤作一团；蜷缩 vt.聚集聚集 n.挤在一起的人挤在一起的人 　　• e.g. We lay huddled together for warmth.Trail away: grew dimmer and stopped(para 26) The larger children sprawled on the floor, with the smaller ones in a layer on top of them, and the adults bent over all nine.•lie with the arms and legs spreading out loosely；；•四肢摊开躺着四肢摊开躺着•* sprawling about on the sofa 平躺在沙发上平躺在沙发上People•Feelings(Para 14) The mother was on the verge of panic. She clutched his arm and kept repeating, “I can’t swim, I can’t swim”.(Para 16) Grandma Koshak reached an arm around her husband’s shoulder and put her mouth close to his ear “Pop, she said, ‘I love you’..(Para 17) John felt a crushing guilt. He held his head between his hands, and silently prayed….(Para 24) Pop raged silently, frustrated at not being able to do anything to fight Camille.Review•1. 我们是可以严加防卫，度过难关的。

•2. 狂风暴雨拍打着屋子•3. 飓风的咆哮声压倒了一切•4.一股水浪冲击过来，撞开了大门，把两人都掀倒在地板上 •5.乌云席卷而来 •1. We can batten down and ride it out.•2. Wind and rain whipped the house.•3. The roar of the hurricane was overwhelming.•4. A blast of water hit the house, flinging open the door and shoving them down the hall.•5. Gray clouds scudded in.Detailed study of Section 3•How did help come?•How did people feel?•What did they do to rebuild the community?Para 28-29     They saw human bodies –more than 130 men, women and children died along the Mississippi coast – and parts of the beach and highway were strewn with dead dogs, cats, cattle. Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blowndown power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads. None of the returnees moved quickly or spoke loudly; they stood shocked, trying to absorb the shattering scenes before their eyes.他们看到了他们看到了遇难者遇难者的尸体的尸体---密西西比沿海一带就有密西西比沿海一带就有130多名男女和儿童丧生多名男女和儿童丧生—海滩和公路上有些地方海滩和公路上有些地方布满了布满了死狗死猫和死死狗死猫和死牲畜牲畜。

尚未被风刮倒的树尚未被风刮倒的树上上结结彩似的彩似的 挂满挂满被撕成布条的被撕成布条的 衣服，衣服，吹断的电线吹断的电线 像黑色的实心面一样盘成像黑色的实心面一样盘成一一圈一圈地散在路面上圈一圈地散在路面上 返回的人群中返回的人群中没有一个人疾步行驶，没有一个人疾步行驶，或者或者大声说话大声说话，他们站在原地，完全怔，他们站在原地，完全怔住了，住了，迫使自己接受眼前这幅惨烈的景象迫使自己接受眼前这幅惨烈的景象 •Coil, v, n. wind around and around 成卷状成卷状, 盘绕盘绕, 卷卷 e.g. A snake can coil itself up or coil around a branch. The wire was coiled round the tree, and then the current was turned on. Please hand me that coil of wire.•Shatter: break (to) pieces, vi, vt. e.g. 那只贵重的花瓶掉在地上摔得粉碎那只贵重的花瓶掉在地上摔得粉碎. 爆炸将整栋大楼的窗玻璃都震裂了爆炸将整栋大楼的窗玻璃都震裂了. 这次可怕的经历使他的幻想完全破灭了这次可怕的经历使他的幻想完全破灭了. 爬了五个小时的山完全把我累垮了爬了五个小时的山完全把我累垮了. That expensive vase shattered when it hit the ground. The explosion shattered every window of the building. His illusions were shattered by the terrible experience. I was absolutely shattered after five-hour climbing of the hill. (Climbing the hill for five hours absolutely shattered me) Why did the author mention ‘before dawn’ and ‘by 10 a.m.’?（30）To show how rapidly the rehabilitation/relief work was carried out.•Deep concern for the stricken people shown by the different strata of American society from the federal government to individual volunteers. •What organizations came to the aid of the devastated place?•National guard 国民警卫队•Civil defense 民防队•Salvation army 救世军  33: Seabees: C.B. members of the construction Battalions of the Civil Engineer corps of the US navy, that build harbour facilities, airfields, etc. 海军工程队31. Stream（（31））: n. v. narrow moving mass. He breathed out a stream of cigarette smoke. : a large number of sth occurring one after another. We had a constant stream of visitors. : If people or vehicles stream somewhere, they move there quickly and in large numbers Refugees have been streaming into the neighboring countries. : light shines strongly into or out of a place Sunlight was streaming into the courtyard.译：译：他身后有一长串的车。

他身后有一长串的车 那悲惨的故事引发了源源不断的读者来信那悲惨的故事引发了源源不断的读者来信 教堂的钟声敲响了教堂的钟声敲响了12下，人们很快开始蜂拥而出下，人们很快开始蜂拥而出There was a stream of traffic behind him.The sad story triggered a stream of readers’ letters.Soon after the clock in the church struck twelve, people began to stream out.Rake its way（（32））: metaphor, meaning to attack and devastate as it moved along.Rake: n. v.t a garden tool耙耙; search carefully It’s your turn to rake the garden. Rampage: v. rush about in a wild or violent way, causing damage and destruction. 横冲直撞横冲直撞Rampaging floods: violent, raging floods. Hundreds of youths rampaged through the towns, smashing shop windows and overturning cars.译：译： 警察们搜遍了小山坡但没有发现逃犯。

警察们搜遍了小山坡但没有发现逃犯 他试图用剑保护他的商店不受到横冲直撞的暴民的破坏他试图用剑保护他的商店不受到横冲直撞的暴民的破坏The police raked the hillside but did not find the escaped prisoners. He used a sword to try to defend his shop from a rampaging mob.Janis had just one delayed reaction（34）•Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension caused by the hurricane.Para.36  afflict•to distress so severely as to cause persistent suffering or anguish 使苦恼, 折磨 •Be afflicted with arthritis•Violent crime is only one of the maladies that afflict modern society.•暴力犯罪仅是危害现代社会的弊病之一Language features1.What kinds of verbs are used?  The effective use of verbs is the only way to focus on action, esp. one-syllable verbs, because one syllable verbs save time.  lash, lap, skim, scud, yell, dump, shot, snap, hit, whipLanguage features2. What kind of sentence is used?    short elliptical sentences        a) increase the tempo of action  b) create the atmosphere of tension, danger and urgency Language features3.What cohesive devices are used to make the story chronological developed? Chronological development is successfully achieved by :connectors --- so, then, but.transitional phrases -- seconds later, after that , for an instant, by this time, etcLanguage features4. What’s the  phonetic effect of such words as lash, crack, snap, slashing, smash, shatter, rampage, collapse, lap? [æ] --- quick, loudly-sounded effectThe words with [æ] vividly describe the violence of the hurricane。