学习计划第三课.doc

学生导学案 第三课Ⅰ名词性从句——宾语从句第一部分：定义及用法定义：在句子中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句宾语从句通常跟在动词、动词词组、系表结构的形容词后1.that引导在陈述一个事实时，常用that引导宾语从语, 不表示任何含义，且可省略1）及物动词后v We all know (that) success calls for hard work. v We knew (that) he had made a mistake. 2）某些be+形容词的结构后， 如sure, certain, glad, happy, afraid, sorry等 v I am sure that I have closed the door. v I am afraid that you are right. 2.whether/if引导当对所陈述事物不确定时，常用whether /if引导宾语从句，表 “是否”的含义，在句子中不可省略，常放在don’t know, want to ask, wonder, be not sure, can you tell me之后 v I don’t know whether/ if this bike is hers. v I am not sure whether he will come. 【注意】以下情况只用whether不用if。

a) 介词后的宾语从句用whether引导We are talking about whether we can get the chance.b)whether引导宾语从句可以与or not连用He doesn’t know whether they will plant trees on Saturday or not.c) Whether引导的宾语从句可以置于句首Whether they will join in the picnic I don’t care.d) 在不定式前只用whetherI’m just wondering whether to stay for another hour.3.连接代词what，which，who，whom，whose 引导 当宾语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，常用连接代词引导，what表“什么”， which表“哪个”，who表“谁”(主语)，whom表“谁” (宾语)， whose表“谁的”v Do you remember what you should do next? v I want to know which medicine he has taken. v Please tell me who called me just now. v I don’t know whom they are speaking to. v Do you know whose child he is? 4. 连接副词when，why，where，how引导当宾语从句中需要对时间、原因、地点、方式进行提问时，常用连接副词引导，用when 表“什么时候”，why 表“为什么”，where表“在哪里”，how 表“如何”，且宾语从句为陈述语气。

v He asked me where they were born. v He asks how we can help protect the environment.v I can’t find out why the machine doesn’t work well. v Did you ask the teacher when we would have a test? 第二部分：辨析难点1. 区分what 与whichwhat表“什么”，可单独作宾语从句的主语或宾语；which表“哪个”，通常后面接一个名词，共同构成宾语从句的主语或宾语 e.g. Can you tell me which way leads to the hospital, the right one or the left one?  e.g. You should pay attention to what the doctor told you. 2. 区分what与thatwhat 做宾语从句的主语或宾语，that只起连接作用，不作句子成分 e.g. I don’t know what he is doing. e.g. I don’t think it’s your fault.3. 表“建议、命令、要求、”的词后常接含虚拟语气的宾语从句。

｛建议：suggest, advise； 命令：order；要求：  insist , require｝+ that (should) do sth. e.g. I suggested that he (should ) do his homework. 第三部分：宾语从句练习A 用适当的引导词填空1. I believe ________ you are telling a lie.      2. I’m afraid _____ I can’t help you now.         3. I told him ______ happened to me last night.         4. Do you know ______ Jim is speaking to?  5. I can’t decide _________ advice I should take.  6. Could you tell me __________ Mrs. King lives here?   7. We are worrying about ________ we should do next. 8. My mother asked me __________ I would come back next month. 9. These photos will show you _______ our village looks like. 10. The naughty boy didn’t pay any attention to ________ the teacher said in class. B 填入动词的适当形式 1. The monitor suggested that we _______ (go) for a picnic on Sunday. 2. The headmaster ordered that we _________ (start) at once.3. He said he _______(miss) us very much.4. I don't know why he_______ (get)up so early last Sunday.Ⅱ 状语从句第一部分：定义及用法一个从句担当状语的作用，叫做状语从句。

状语通常用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或是整个句子，表示时间、原因、地点、条件等1. 时间状语从句通常可表明主句和从句的时间关系，通过下列引导词引导：when(当…时候), while(在…期间),, after(在…之后),, before(在…之前), as soon as (一…就)e.g. When I came into the office, the teachers were having a meeting.After you see him, you will understand everything. He started as soon as he received the news.2. 原因状语从句通常可表明主句和从句的因果关系，通过下列引导词引导：because, as (因为); now that , since（既然） e.g. He felt sad because he didn't get the job. As it is raining, I will not go out. Now that you have known your fault, I won’t tell it to your mum.3. 地点状语从句通常由where, wherever引导：e.g. Make a mark where you have a question.4. 条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导：e.g. If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch.第二部分：辨析难点1.在时间、条件状语从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。

e.g. We’ll go outing if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. I’ll write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.2.有些时间、条件状语从句，如果从句的主语与主句主语一致（或虽不一致，是it），从句的谓语又包含动词be，就可省略从句中的主语 + be部分e.g. When (he was) still a boy of ten, he had to work day and night. If (it is) necessary Ill explain to you again.第三部分：状语从句练习用引导词填空【when, as soon as, as, since, where, wherever, if, unless】1. She will sing a song ____ she is asked. 2. _____ we got to the station, the train had left already.3. _____ the rain stops, we'll set off for the station.4. You'll miss the train ______ you hurry up.5. We'd better hurry ______ it is getting dark.6. I learned a little Russian _____ I was at middle school.7._____ we stood at the top of the building, the people below were hardly visible.8. _____ David goes, he is welcome.9. After the war, a new school building was put up _____ there had once been a theatre.10. ______ there is water, there is life.11.______ you are very busy, I won't trouble you.Ⅲ 综合演练：短文填空True friends are hard to find. Often you thought you (1)_______(can) believe in someone, but later he or she may let you down. A true friend is so。