数学专业英语(共19页).doc

精选优质文档-----倾情为你奉上第二章 精读课文----入门必修2.1数学方程与比例（Mathematics，Equation and Ratio）一、词汇及短语：1. change the terms about 变形2. full of ：有许多的 充满的例 The streets are full of people as on a holiday(像假日一样，街上行人川流不息)3. in groups of ten…4. match something against sb. “匹配”例 Long ago ,when people had to count many things ,they matched them against their fingers. 古时候，当人们必须数东西时，在那些东西和自己的手指之间配对5. grow out of 源于 由…引起例 Many close friendships grew out of common acquaintance6. arrive at 得出（到达 抵达 达到 达成）例 we both arrived at the same conclusion(我们俩个得出了相同的结论)7. stand for “表示，代表”8. in turn “反过来，依次”9. bring about 发生 导致 造成10. arise out of 引起 起源于11. express by“用…表示”12. occur 发生，产生13. come from 来源于， 起源于14. resulting method 推论法15. be equal to 等于的 相等的例 Twice two is equal to four(2乘以2等于4)16. no matter 无论 不管17. mathematical analysis 数学分析18. differential equation 微分方程19. higher mathematics 高等数学 higher algebra 高等代数20. equation of condition 条件等式二 句型及典型翻译1. For a long period of the history of mathematics, the centric place of mathematical methods was occupied by the logical deductions“在数学史的很长的时期内，是逻辑推理一直占据数学方法的中心地位”2. An equation is a statement of the equality between two equal numbers or number symbols. equation ：“方程”“等式” 等式是关于两个数或数的符号相等的一种陈述3. In such an equation either the two members are alike, or become alike on performance of the indicated operation. 这种等式的两端要么一样，要么经过执行指定的运算后变成一样。

注 “two members”表等号的两端 alike 相同的 一样的On the performance of …中的“on”引导一个介词短语做状语Either…or…4. is true “成立”5. to more and change the terms移次和变形without making the equation untrue 保持方程同解2.2几何与三角（Geometry and Trigondogy）一、词汇cube 立方体、 cylinder 柱体、 geometrical 几何的、 surface 曲面、plane 平面、 breadth 宽度、 segment 线段 弓形（面积）、abound 大量存在、 prerequisite 先决条件、 sphere 球 cone 圆锥、 triangle 三角形、 solid 立体的 立体、 straight line 直线、 line segment 直线段、 infinitely 无限地、broken line 折线、 diameter 直径、 angle 角、prerequisite 先决条件、 chord 弦、 blind acceptance of 盲目接受二、典型句子翻译1. Many leading institutions of higher learning have recognized that positive benefits can be gained by all who study this branch of mathematics.其中“higher learning”表示“高学识”“博学” Positive “确实的”“肯定的”全句 许多居领导地位的学术机构承认，所有学习这个数学分支的人都将得到确实的收获。

2….we find the land surveyors of these people re-establishing vanishing landmarks and boundaries by utilizing the truths of geometry 我们发现这些民族的土地测量者利用几何只是重新确定消失了的土地标志和边界3.A circle is a closed curve lying in one plane, all point of which are equidistant from a fined point called the center.平面上到定点的距离等于定长的所有点组成的图形叫做圆2.3 Basic Concepts of the Theory of SetsSection A1. sets are a means by which mathematicians talk of collections of things in an abstract way 注by which 引起一个定语从句 talk of “表达译为 集合是数学家们用抽象的方式来表达一些事物的集体的工具2. belong to …“属于”3. even integers 偶数less than 小于more than 大于4. be denoted by 被记作…5. be referred to as 被称为…6. exactly the same 完全相同7. there fore , the definition requires that we call these sets equal .因此，根据定义我们认为这两个集合相等8. divisible by … 被…整除Section B1. For example, the set consisting of those positive integers less than 10. which are divisible by 4 is a subset of the set of all even integers less than.由小于10且能被4整除的正整数组成的集合是所有小于10的偶数集的子集2. “AB”读作A is contained in B or B contains A 3. A=BAB and BA A is equal to B if and only if A is contained in B，and B is also contained in A4. reference to 提到 涉及 关于5. 真子集 proper subset6. “” empty set 或 void set7. 单元集 one –element set 2.4 整数 有理数与实数(Integers, Rational Numbers and Real Numbers)一、专业词语1 rational number 有理数 irrational number 无理数2. difference 差 quotient 商3 real axis 实轴4. fraction 分数 denominator 分母 numerator 分子5. 数学归纳法：proof by induction 二、Section-A Integers and rational numbers1. 1+1=2The number 1 plus 1 is denoted by 22. Strictly speaking 严格地说3. repeated addition of 1 “反复加1”4. Convenient method 简便方法5. ordered field 有序域6. The sum, difference , or product of two integers is an integer ,but the quotient of two integers need not be an integer. (两个整数的和、差或积是一个整数，但是两个整数的商未必是一个整数)思考 What is an inductive set?A set of real numbers is called an inductive set if it has the following two properties:(a) The number 1 is in the set (b)For every x in the set , the number x+1 is also in the set.三、Section-B Geometric interpretation of real number as points on a line1. be familiar with 熟悉… be familiar to 被某人熟悉2. If x

2.5笛卡儿几何学的基本概念（Basic C。