4二战后的美国现代文学：诗人.docx

I. Drama 戏剧1.TennesseeWilliams二战后的美国作家：诗人•小说家•戏剧 家・少数裔作家Profile 1 一原名托马斯•拉尼奥•威廉斯fThomas Lanier Williams)1911.3.26,美国密西西比州哥伦布〜1983.2.25,纽约州纽约市)orig. Thomas Lanier Williamsborn March 26,1911, Columbus, Miss., U.S・died Feb. 25,1983, New York, N.Y.U.S. playwright.The son of a traveling salesman and a clergymans daughter, he lived in St. Louis from age 12. After attending several colleges he graduated from the University of Iowa (1938). He first won recog nition for his group of on e-act plays American Blues (1939). Wider success came with The Glass Menagerie (1944) and mounted with A Streetcar Named Desire (1947, Pulitzer Prize; film, 1951), Camino Real (1953), and Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1955, Pulitzer Prize; film, 1958). His plays, which also include Suddenly Last Summer (1958; film, 1959) and The Night of the Iguana (1961; film, 1964), describe a world of repressed sexuality and violence thinly veiled by gentility・ He also wrote the novel The Roman Spring of Mrs・ Stone (1950; film, 1961) and the screenplays for The Rose Tattoo (1955, adapted from his 1951 play) and Baby Doll (1956). A clear-sighted chronicler of fragile illusions, he is regarded as one of the greatest American playwrights・美国剧作家。

12岁开始居住在圣路易曾在儿所学院学习，后毕业于艾奥瓦大学他的独 幕剧集《美国的布鲁斯》赢得“同仁剧团”奖（1939）,《玻璃动物园》（1944）获得成功，接 着《欲望号街车》（1947,获普利策奖；1951年拍成电影）、《卡米诺•里尔》（1953）和《热锡皮屋顶上的猫》（1955,获普利策奖；1958年拍成电影）等剧相继搬上舞台他的 剧作还有《去夏突至》（1958； 1959年扌fl成电影）、《可爱的青春小鸟》（1959； 1962 年拍成电影)和《籲鳞蜥的夜晚》(1961； 1964年拍成电影)，后者写一位被解职的牧师如 何变成不称职的导游他还写了小说《斯通夫人的罗马之春》(1950： 1961年拍成电影) 作为一个冃光锐利的脆弱幻彖描绘者，他被视为美国最伟大的剧作家Major WorksThe Glass Menagerie (1944)《玻璃动物园》A Streetcar Named Desire (1947) (f欲望号街车》Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1955)《热锡皮屋顶上的猫》2.米勒 Arthur Miller ★Profile(1915.10.17,美国纽约州纽约市〜2005.2.10,康涅狄格州罗克斯伯里)born Oct. 17,1915, New York, N.Y., U.S.died Feb. 10, 2005, Roxbury, Conn.U.S. playwright.He began writing plays while a student at the University of Michigan. His first important play, All My Sons (1947), was followed by his most famous work, Death of a Salesman (1949, Pulitzer Prize), the tragedy of a man destroyed by false values that are in large part the values of his society. Noted for combining social awareness with a searching concern for his characters1 inner lives, Miller wrote many other plays, including The Crucible (1953), which uses a plot about the Salem witch trials to attack McCarthyism, A View from the Bridge (1955), After the Fall (1964), The Last Yankee (1992), and Resurrection Blues (2002). He also wrote short stories, essays, and the screenplay for The Misfits (1961), which starred his second wife, Marily n Mon roe ・美国剧作家。

在密歇根大学读书期间开始写作笫一部重要戏剧是《全是我的儿子》(1947), 接卜-來他写了白己最出名的作品《推销员之死》(1949,获普利策奖)，讲述了一个名叫威 利•洛曼的推销员被迫自杀的悲剧他的戏剧具冇深刻的社会意识，而对人物的内心世界 刻画入骨他还写了许多其他剧本，包括《炼狱》(1953)、《桥头眺望》(1955)、《堕落 之后》(1964)、《维希事件》(1964)、《代价》(1968)、《大主教宅邸的顶棚》(1977)、《最后一个美国人》(1992)o他还为妻子梦露写了电影剧本《不合时宜的人》(1961)0Major WorksDeath of a Salesman (1949, Pulitzer Prize) ★II. Poetry 祷歌金斯堡 Allen GinsbergProfile(1926.6.3,美国 新泽西州 纽瓦 克〜1997.4.5,纽约州纽约市)born June 3, 1926, Newark, N」., U.S.died April 5,1997, New York, N.Y.U.S. poet.o U. Poetry 转七O 金期堡 Allen Ginsbei g.O Beat-Generanon _O Related Literary F^resO P o Major Works0 Howl0 Literary 伽mGinsberg was the son of a poet. He attended Columbia University, where he met Jack Kerouac・ His epic poem Howl (1956), a denunciation of the failings of American society, became the most famous poem of the Beat moveme nt; in it and later works, largely in spired by Walt Whitma n, he celebrated the pleasures of psychotropic drugs, footloose wandering, and homosexuality. Kaddish (1961) is a long confessional poem about his mothers insanity and suicide・ His collections include Reality Sandwiches (1963), The Fall of America (1972), and Mind Breaths (1978). Ginsbergs life was one of ceaseless travel, poetry readings, and left?wing political activity, and he was a guru of the American youth counterculture in the 1960s and 70s.美国诗人。

父亲是诗人，在哥伦比亚大学求学时认识凯鲁亚克他的诗集《嚎叫》(1956) 描述了美国社会堕落的现象，是避批运动的重要作品无论是这部或后來的作品都受到业 鮭的彩响，他赞美精神药物、无拘无束的漫游和同性恋等《祈祷文》(1961)是一首忏悔 诗，诗中哀悼其母的精神失常和口杀他的文集有《现实三明治》(1963)、《行星新闻》 (1968)、《美国的堕落》(1972)和《思想在呼吸》(1978)o金斯堡的一生就是不停地旅 行、读诗和参加左翼政治活动20世纪60和70年代成为美国青少年反传统文化中冇影 响的领袖人物Major WorksHowl (1956)《嚎叫》• a denunciation of the failings of American society• the most famous poem of the Beat movement• in it and later works, largely in spired by Walt Whitma n, he celebrated the pleasures of psychotropic drugs, footloose wandering, and homosexuality・ 无论是这部或后來tl勺作品都受到劃担的影响，他赞美精神药物、无拘无束的漫游利同性恋等Literary TermBeat Generation ★ Ppi9o-i9iBeat Gen eratio n (1 950s-1 960s): A group of America n writers in the 1950s and 1960s who sought release and ilium in ation though a bohemia n coun terculture of sex, drugs, and Zen Buddhism ・ Beat writers such as Jack Kerouac (On The Road) and Allen Ginsberg (Howf) gained fame by giving readings in coffeehouses, often accompanie。