The Structural Discourse of English Debate——Outline for Beginners2021/6/161 1. Greetings③ ladies and gentlemen, Mr./Madam Speaker and members of the houseRefutation (except PM and OW)(1)① Before moving to my arguments /constructive part, let me refute back to the Government / Opposition side. ② I have … rebuttal(s)/refutation(s) against … the previous speaker(s)/…2021/6/162 (2)①First/second/…, they said ...②But, it is/they are not (always) true/important/relevant to/opposite to/opposed toWhat you/they said is not … (at all)What you said is the opposite. It is actually our point.They/You are liars/a liar! That/It is because …(e.g. their argument is based on wrong assumption/analysis/misunderstanding)③ Alternative plan: “There is a better plan to solve the problem”2021/6/163 Explaining pointsOk/Well, here is/are/come(s) our/my arguments/points/substantive matters/constructive part.① Sign post (i.e. “sign post”, or simple key phrases that summarize the point.) Our first/second/… point is …② Summary in one sentenceIt means that .. / On this point, I will explain that ...③ Reasoning (explanation on how one situation occurs, focusing on “cause and effect”)Let me explain how this will happen.First, .. Then, ... / Under the status quo, ... After the plan adoption, …As a result…④ Examples and IllustrationFor example, ... /Let’s think about the case of ... Ladies and gentlemen, please imagine what (would happen) if …2021/6/164 ⑤ Significance/analysis/Relevancy to the stance, team line, or what you want to provewhy this is important? That/It is because ...This point is important if we think about the nature/role/first priority of …What is the nature/ role/top priority of …?Conclusion(1) about 30 seconds to summarize your speech.① In summary, let me summarize my speech/what I have told you ② First/second/third argument/point (first six speakers)(2) The first six speakers:For all these reasons, I am/we are very proud to propose/oppose.So/Because of these reasons, we strongly believe/insist (that)...Whip:For all these reasons, the government side has won this round. That’s all (of my speech). Thank you/Thanks a lot/so much/very much.2021/6/165 Prime Minister1. Greetings2. Presenting the motion and case(1) ① Under/In the current/present situation/circumstances/These days/recently/Lately/In recent time/years, ② there are some problems that/in …/controversy that/over …/phenomena of /that… there is a (controversial) problem that/in …/controversy that/over …/phenomenon of/that…2021/6/166 (2)① Today, we are going to debate on … Today, we have the motion that .... Today’s motion is that … Today, our motion is that … Today, the motion is that … The issue behind the motion is that …② So, in this round, we are going to talk about how to solve the problem.(3) the main task of the Prime Minister① However, this motion has some vague points (words)/is not clear. Therefore, I would like to define the motion.② In this round, we will define the word A as B/limit X to Y/focus on the case in ….③ Therefore, our proposal is that …④ I will explain the policy of our proposal. First, ... Second, …⑤ We have some solutions to our proposal. First, ... Second, ...2021/6/167 3. Showing the (government / opposition) “stance” (or “team line”) for the round.We will propose you that … because …Our team line/stance is that …The government/opposition side strongly believes/insists that …4. Presenting your speech outline and team allocation.① We have … points/arguments to support our proposal/develop. ② The first point is … , the second point is … , and the last point is ...③ I will (mainly) explain/talk about ... and my partner will (mainly) explain/talk about ...5. Explaining points6.Conclusion2021/6/168 LO/DPM/DLO/MG/MO1. Greetings2.Refutation3. Explaining points4.Conclusion2021/6/169 GW/OW1. Greetings2. Showing the outline.So far, we have talked about …In order to show why we have to win this round, I would compare both government and opposition sides’ arguments in terms of … issues in this round. They are ….I have … questions to ask. They are ... 3.Pointing out the failures of the other side.Before I/we move/go/moving/going (on) to the clashes, I would like to point out the crucial failure of the opposition side. That is ...2021/6/1610 4.ClashesThe first/second/… clash is ...The opposition side has said that ...Still, we have pointed out (that) this is wrong because ...On the other hand, we have argued that … because ...Our argument was superior to their argument because ...Then, let me go on to the next clash.5.Conclusion.2021/6/1611 替换词：同义词，近义词，写作词汇与表达互换（雅思，托福……）First/firstly/fist of all/first and foremost/at the (very) beginningSecond/secondly/Third/thirdlyThen/Besides/What’s more/Moreover/Furthermore/In addition/additionallyFinally/at last/in the end/eventually/lastly/Last but not leastThe first point is … , the second point is … , and the last point is ...Important/vital/significant/crucialsolve/resolve/ address/deal with/work out/tackleSo/therefore/thus/in consequence/consequently/as a resultIn summary/to sum up/in conclusion…Small words: Ok/well/you know/I mean…2021/6/1612 结束语结束语若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢！若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢！ 。
