人教版高一英语必修一定语从句详解和练习.docx

精选文档定语从句一、定义及相关术语1、定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句定语从句一般跟在它所修饰的先行词以后定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词后边，因此假如在名词或代词后边出现一个从句，依据它与前面名词或代词的逻辑关系来判断是不是定语从句2、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词3、关系词：指引定语从句的词叫关系词关系词相关系代词和关系副词;关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；关系副词有when,where,why等关系词平时有以下三个作用：A、指引定语从句；、取代先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分4.定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句:①限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、确立的作用，是先行词不行缺乏的定语，假如省去，主句的意思就会不完好或不合逻辑这类定语从句和主句之间不可以用逗号分开②非限制性定语从句和先行词关系松懈，不过对先行词作附带说明，假如省去，主句的意思仍旧完好或清楚.从句和主句之间须用逗号分开关系词指代充当成分that人或物主（宾）which物主（宾）关系代人主（宾）who词whom人宾语whose+n人或物定语Eg.Iknowthemanwho/thatwearahat.(连接主从句，代替先行词theman,在定从中做主语)定语从句解题三步骤：1.找出先行词2.判断成分：确立先行词在从句中的成分（主语，宾语，状语）3.选择正确的关系词注意：正确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分①.请找出下边句子中的定语从句,并判断其成分：1）ImetMarywholookedverysad.2）Theoldmanwhomyoutalkedtoyesterdayismyuncle.3）Thisisthepenwhichhegaveme.二、关系代词指引的定语从句1、who指人，在定语从句中作主语,宾语，做宾语常常可省略。

TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.2、whom指人，为who的宾格，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略关系代词whom在口语中可用who或that取代Theman(whom/who)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.3、which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语常常可省略Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(2) Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.4、that既可指人也可指物，指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which.在定语从句中作主语或宾语，做宾语常常可省略Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.Thepersonthat/whomyouintroducedtomeisverykind.Theseasonthat/whichcomesafterspringissummer.5、Whose平时指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。

Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.【注意】指物时，常用以下结构来取代：the+n.+of+whichTheclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhichisyellow?注：that与which用法差别(1)只用which,不用that的状况(a)在指引非限制性定语从句时,只好用which错)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,Isveryfamoushere.介词后用which,不可以用that物用which，人用whom).Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.1.在非限拟定语从句中。

3.有两个定语从句，此中一个从句关系代词已用了that，另一个宜用which.ThisisthepaperthatIreadeverydayandwhichIfindsointeresting.4.当先行词自己是that.Thepredicateisthatwhichissaidofthesubject.只好用that作为定语从句的关系代词的状况(a)在therebe句型中，只用that，不用whichb)在不定代词，如：anything,nothing,theone,all,little,few,much等作先行词时，只用that，不用whichc)先行词有theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,just修饰时，只用thatd)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高等时，只用that,不可以用which先行词既有人，又有物时先行词指物，在主句中作表语时．Eg;Isthisthebookthatyouborrowedinthelibrary?Whothatbreakthewindowshouldbepunished．Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.三只用who的状况当先行词是those,she,he,they,one,ones,anyone等代词时，关系代词用who.Hewhoknowsothersislearned,andhewhoknowshimselfiswise.五、关系代词as和which指引的定语从句as和which指引非限制性定语从句时，其用法有同样之处，也有不一样之处。

详尽状况是：1、as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.Heishonest,as/whichwecansee.2、as指引的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句以前、主句以后，甚至还可以切割主句which指引的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句以后别的，as常常有“正如、正像”的含义Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Heisfromthesouth,aswecanknowfromhisaccent.ZhangHuahasbeentoParismorethantentimes,whichIdon’tbelieve.【注意】①当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词常常只用whichTomwaslateforschoolagainandagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.Thesetablesaremadeofmetal,whichmadethemveryheavy.②当先行词受such,thesame修饰时，关系词常用as。

Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.ThisisthesamedictionaryasIlostlastweek.二、关系副词指引的定语从句1、when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschoolThetimewhenwegottogetherfinallyarrived.2、where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.注：当先行词是case，point,stage,situation等表示状况，阶段，某方面的词时也要用where3、why指原由，在定语从句中作原由状语Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.Thereasonwhyhewaspunishedisunknowntous.【注意】关系副词指引的定语从句常常可以用“介词+关系代词”指引的定语从句来表示关系副词=介词+关系代词why=forwhichwhere=in/at/on/...which(介词同先行词搭配)when=during/on/in/...which(介词同先行词搭配)Greatchangesaretakingplaceinthecitywhere/inwhichtheylive.Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear.三、“介词+关系代词”指引的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。

Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.=Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.TomorrowI\'llbringherethemagazine(which/that)youaskedfor.TomorrowI’llbringherethemagazineforwhichyouasked.Thisistheboy(whom/who/that)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtenniswithyesterday.【注意】1、含有介词的短语动词一般不打开，介词仍放在短语动词的后边如：takecareof等Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.(正)→ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(误)Thebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.→Thebabiesafterwhomthenurseislookingareveryhealthy.2、若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不行用who指物时只可用which，不行用that。

关系代词是全部格时用whoseThemanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.(正)→Themanwiththat/whoyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.(误)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.(正)→TheplaneinthatweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.(误)lookfor,lookafter,(正)（误）和that；关系代词3、“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,b。