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CCIE CK题库钻石终结版.doc

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    • 63,77,87,92,111,128,MSDP133,144,152,168,,171,172,177,200,207,216,,221,237,254,258—263,,267,,269,,286,,303,,331,366 Police 后面直接加数值和后面直接加数值和 CIR 加数值的区别加数值的区别MSDP 和和 ANYCAST WRR 和和 SRR WFQ 和和 CBWFQ 1、、What is BGP synchronization?A: The rule of synchronization states the following:Before a route learned from an IBGP neighbor is entered into the IP routing table or is advertised to a BGP peer, the route must first be known via IGP.2、、which BGP attributes will influence inbound flow? A:MED、、AS-PATH,,ORIGIN 3、、BGP Administrative distanceA::BGP has a distance bgp command that allows you to set different administrative distances for three route types: external,internal, and local.External route 20 Internal route 200 Local route 2004、、Which picture is Traffic Shape, why ?A: Policing typically drops excess traffic. Shaping smooth traffic to a specific rate using a buffer.5、Unequal cost load-sharingA: Router E will select both B and C as next hop to reach network Z.Unequal cost load sharing happening.The variance command is used to determine which routes are feasible for unequal-cost load sharing. Variance defines a multiplier by which a metric may differ, or vary, from the metric of the lowest-cost route. Any route whose metric exceeds the metric of the lowest-cost route, multiplied by the variance, will not be considered a feasible route.The default variance is one, meaning that the metrics of multiple routes must be equal, to load balance. Variance must be specified in whole numbers.The following three conditions must be met for a route to be included in unequal-cost load sharing:The maximum-paths limit must not be exceeded as a result of adding the route to a load-sharing group.The next-hop router must be metrically closer to the destination. That is, its metric for the route must be smaller than the local router's metric. A next-hop router, being closer to the destination, is often referred to as the downstream router.(加入负载均衡的下一跳的路由器必须要满足 FC,即 AD Local_pref -> as-path -> medWeight prefers local preference, local preference prefers as-path, as-path prefers med.43. What is an autonomous system?A: Depending on the usage, an autonomous system can be defined as a network under a common administrative domain or a single routing domain.什么是什么是 BGP 自治系统?自治系统?A:An autonomous system is a network controlled by a single technical administration entity. BGP autonomous systems are used to divide global external networks into individual routing domains where local routing policies are applied. This organization simplifies routing domain administration and simplifies consistent policy configuration.44. 什么是原子聚合?什么是原子聚合? A: ATOMIC_AGGREGATE is a well-known discretionary attribute that is used to alert downstream routers that a loss of path information has occurred.补充:Each path attribute falls into one of four categories:Well-known mandatoryWell-known discretionaryOptional transitiveOptional nontransitive45. 给了两段给了两段 documentation 里的描述,问这个时候发那种类型的里的描述,问这个时候发那种类型的 ICMP 包。

      包The interface on which the packet comes into the router is the same interface on which the packet gets routed out.The subnet or network of the source IP address is on the same subnet or network of the next-hop IP address of the routed packet.答:答:ICMP 类型类型 5 重定向消息重定向消息 ICMP type 5 redirect message.46. 问问 ip precedence 有几个有几个 bit ?? 答:答: 3 bit 47. 问问 10.1.1.0/24 10.1.2.0/24 可以将这两条路由汇总成最短的掩码是?可以将这两条路由汇总成最短的掩码是?答:答: It can be summarized as a route with /22 netmask. 48. 给出了一段描述,问是什么机制用于拥塞避免,适当解释一下?(有可能是考给出了一段描述,问是什么机制用于拥塞避免,适当解释一下?(有可能是考 CBWRED))A:WRED 。

      WRED(Weighted Random Early Detection), the Cisco implementation of RED for congestion avoidance, combines the capabilities of the RED algorithm with IP Precedence to provide preferential traffic handling for higher priority packets. It can selectively discard lower priority traffic when a queue begins to get congested and provide differentiated performance for different classes of service.WRED((Weighted Random Early Detection)) combines the RED algorithm with IP precedence when a queue is congested.It discard lower priority packets and provide different services for different classes补充:补充: Tail drop:Traditionally, packets arriving at the queue when the queue reaches its maximum queue length are dropped. This behavior continues until the queue decreases because of a packet transmission. This queue management technique is called tail-drop.RED: RED is a mechanism that randomly drops packets before a queue is full, preventing congestion and avoiding tail drop. RED operates by increasing the rate at which packets are dropped from queues as the average queue size increases.49. 两个路由,直连,建立两个路由,直连,建立 EBGP,使用了一条,使用了一条 nei 命令,问你为啥不通命令,问你为啥不通 ?? 答:此题答案有很多,考生可根据自身情况作答。

      主要从底层问题造成直连不通,注意答:此题答案有很多,考生可根据自身情况作答主要从底层问题造成直连不通,注意 BGP open 消息格式消息格式 和和 协商的具体内容,协商的具体内容,BGP 配置问题,策略抑制配置问题,策略抑制 常见的答案:常见的答案:The neighbor’s remote-as Configuration errorsBlocked by TCP 179 communicateEBGP multi-hop configuration 。

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