最新高考英语专题精讲之独立主格.ppt

独立主格结构浅析蔡芝武 2012-06-27目录content独立主格与哈利波特独立主格结构的概念独立主格结构类型独立主格结构与Harry Potter独立主格结构和Harry Potter• “哈里·波特”电影系列的走红 原因很多，其中一个重大原因之 一就在于其原著情节的跌宕起伏 ，英伦式的幽默对话，以及精湛 的文字表述仅凭这些，就赢得 了无数铁杆粉丝的追捧拥护作 者对于关键片断的节奏把握可说 得上是炉火纯青，时而流畅快速 ，时而蛰伏待发而细观其中奥 妙，如此浑然天成的叙述中，作 者反复使用的一种写作手法，就 是英语中的独立主格现象 •以下就选取Harry Potter系列小说中的第一部Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone中的精彩片断，与大家分享独立主格的魅力 •I. 名词+现在分词 •Chapter Three --- Letters from No One (p42) • Harry picked it up and stared at it, his heart twanging like a giant elastic band. No one ever, in his whole life, had written to him. Who would? He had no friends, no other relatives --- he didn’t belong to the library so he’d never even got rude notes asking for books back. Yet here it was, a letter, addressed so plainly there could be no mistake: • Mr. H. Potter • The Cupboard under the Stairs • 4 Privet Drive • Little Whinging • Surrey• II. 名词+介词短语 •Chapter Thirteen --- Nicolas Flamel (p237)• Hermione jumped to her feet. She hadn’t looked so excited since they’d got back the marks for their very first piece of homework.‘Stay there!’ She said, and she sprinted up the stairs to the girl’s dormitories. Harry and Ron barely had time to exchange mystified looks before she was dashing back, an enormous old book in her arms.‘I never thought to look in here!’ She whispered excitedly. ‘I got this out of the library weeks ago for a bit of light reading.’ •• III. 名词+过去分词 •Chapter Thirteen --- Nicolas Flamel (p242) •Up in the air, Snape turned on his broomstick just in time to see something scarlet shoot past him, missing him by inches --- next second, Harry had pulled out of the dive, his arm raised in triumph, the Snitch clasped in his hand. •The stands erupted; it had to be a record, no one could even remember the Snitch being caught so quickly.• IV. 名词+副词 •Chapter Nine --- The Midnight Duel •‘Come back, boy!’ She shouted, but Neville was rising straight up like a cork shot out of a bottle --- twelve feet --- twenty feet. Harry saw his scared white face look down at the ground falling away, saw him gasp, slip sideways off the broom and --- WHAM --- a thud and a nasty crack and Neville lay, face down, on the grass in a heap. His broomstick was still rising higher and higher and started to drift lazily towards the Forbidden Forest and out of sight.• V. 名词+形容词 •Chapter Ten --- Halloween (p191) •‘Come on, run, run!’ Harry yelled at Hermione, trying to pull her towards the door, but she couldn’t move, she was still flat against the wall, her mouth open with terror. • The shouting and the echoes seemed to be driving the troll berserk. It roared again and started towards Ron, who was nearest and had no way to escape.【独立主格结构的概念】Independent Genitive • 独立主格结构是一种特殊的结构，可以理解为一个在句中做 _________的短语，用于修饰整个句子。

其位置灵活，可位于 句前、句中或句末，常由逗号将其与句子分开需特别注意 的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词独立主格结构主要有两部分构成：逻辑主语和逻辑谓语 _________作为逻辑主语 ；现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式 、形容词、副词、或介词短语等作为逻辑谓语状语名词或代词独立主格结构具有两个特点：1. 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独 立存在2. 独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开独立主格结构有三种类型：1. 逻辑主语+非谓语动词（不定式、现在分词、过去分词）2. 逻辑主语+(being)+表语(名词、形容词、副词、介词短语)3. with/without + 复合宾语 （不定式、现在分词、过去 分词、形容词、副词、介词短语）(一)非谓语动词独立主格结构 逻辑主语+非谓语动词 (不定式、现在分词、过去分词)1. “名词/代词+不定式”结构由不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的动作或状 态，在句中常作 ，偶尔作 。

e.g. His friends to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.e.g. No one to wake me up, I might be late for the first class.原因状语条件状语2. “名词/代词+现在分词”结构该结构在句中常作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、方式或伴 随状语等1) 作 状语： Everyone having sat down, the teacher began his class. (相当于时间状语从句: When everyone had sat down)(2) 作 状语： The boy leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest. (相当于原因状语从句: Because the boy led the way)时间原因(3) 作 状语：My health allowing, I will work far into the night.我的健康许可的话，我愿工作到深夜。

（相当于条件状语从句：If my health allows）(4) 作 状语：We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his chest.学生们快乐地在学校里走着，每个人胸前都带着一张卡 条件方式或伴随3. “名词/代词+过去分词”结构该结构在句中常作 时间状语、原因状语、方式或伴随状语 、条件状语等 (1) 作 状语： The test finished, we’ll have our summer vocation.考试结束以后，我们将开始暑假了2) 作 状语： Thousands of eyes fixed upon him, Nick felt on edge.上千只眼睛看着他，尼克感到紧张时间原因(3) 作 状语： When in trouble, Sam would sit alone, head bent. 萨姆遇到麻烦时，总是独自坐着，头低着。

4) 作 状语： More time given, we can finish the work.如果给我们更多的时间，我们就能完成这项工作方式或伴随条件【综合比较三种非谓语动词独立主格结构】• 1. 名词或代词+不定式 • 其中的不定式通常表示尚未发生或即将要发生的动作• 2. 名词或代词+现在分词 • 其中的现在分词通常表示动作正在进行（或当时正在进 行）有时现在分词不表示进行，而表示一般情况的状 态或动作Their room was on the third floor, it’s window overlooking the sports ground. 他们的房间在三层楼上，窗户俯视着 操场• 3. 名词或代词+过去分词 • 其中的过去分词通常表示被动意义或完成意义 • The manager looks worried，many things to settle. • 经理看上去很着急, 有这么多的事情要处理• （事情还没有处理，而且是由经理本人来处理，用不定式 to settle） • • The manager looks relaxed, many things settled. • 许多事情已经处理好了， 经理看上去很轻松。

• （事情已经处理。