
初一上册英语语法总结14600字.docx
23页初一上册英语语法总结14600字 初一上册英语语法总结一、动词be(is,am,are)的用法:口诀:我(I)用am, 你(you)用are,is跟着他(he),她(she),它(it)单数名词用is,复数名词全用are变否定,更容易,be后not加上去变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃还有一条须注意,句首大写莫忘记 be动词包括“am”, “is”, “are”三种形式1)第一人称单数(I)配合am来用句型解析析:I am+…例:I am a student . I am a boy.2)第二人称(You)配合are使用句型解析:You are+…例:You are my good friend. You are a good person.3)第三人称单数(He or She or It)配合is使用句型解析:She(He, It) is +…例:She is a good girl. It is so big.4)人称复数 (we /you/they)配合are使用句型解析:We (You, They) are +…5)We are in Class 5,Grade 7. You are good students.注意:1、使用be动词的时候,前面要先加上人称。
be动词前面的人称,是不可随意替换的 例如:I am, You are, She is,并不会出现I is, You am, She are 这样的情形2、当只有第一人称和第二人称或第三人称时应该把第二人称或第三人称放在前 例如:you and I, Tom and I当第二人称和第三人称放在一起时把第二人称放在前面,例如:you and Tom当三者都有时,排序为:2 3 1练习:Where ______ Ann ? She ______ here.How old ______ you ? I ______ thirteen.______ you Mr Read? Yes, I ______.What ______ your name? My name ____ Ann.二、 情态动词Can1 、can作“能、会”解,否定式是cannot,缩写为can’tcan+动词原形” “can’t+动词原形” :表示某人能做或不能做某事Can 是情态动词,没有人称和数的变化Can 表示的”能力”为现在的能力,而不是过去或将来的能力1).表示能力例如:—Can you write in English? —Yes, I can.I can run fast,can you?2).表示获得的知识或技能。
例如:—Can she speak Japanese? —No, she can’t.她会说日语吗?不,她不会3).表示许可例如:Can I read your newspaper?我能看看你的报纸吗?Can I take you home?我送你回家行吗?We can’t wear jeans at work.我们上班时不准穿牛仔裤4). 表示要求例如:Can you help me with this box?你能帮我弄这个箱子吗?Can you feed the cat?你喂喂猫好吗?5). 表示可能性例如:That can’t be Mary—she’s in hospital.那不可能是玛丽—她住院了He can’t have slept through all that noise.那么吵他不可能睡得着觉There’s someone outside—who can it be?外面有人—会是谁呢?6).用以提出建议例如:We can eat in a restaurant, if you like.你愿意的话,咱们可以在饭馆吃饭I can take the car if necessary.必要时我可以开车去。
2、 句式变化如下:1. 在变否定句时,直接在can后加上“not”,可缩写成can’t或cannot, 但不能写成cann’t例如:He can swim. → He can’t swim.Emma can see the pen on the desk.→ Emma cannot see the pen on the desk.2. 在变一般疑问句时,直接移到主语前(原主语的首字母改成小写,第一人称应变为第二人称)即可例如:I can see an orange on the table. → Can you see an orange on the table?其回答可用Yes, OK或Certainly等作肯定回答;用No或Sorry等作否定回答例如: —Can you look after my books, please? 你能照看一下我的书吗?—OK. 可以用Certainly回答此时语气更为肯定例如:—Can I see your guitar? 我能看看你的吉它吗?—Certainly. 当然可以练习:1 -Can you speak Japanese? -No, I___.A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. may not2、I can play basketball.(变为一般疑问句,并作回答)Play basketball?Yes, 三、“there be”句型(1)There be句型主要用以表达“某处(某时)有某人(某物)。
基本结构为“There be+某物(某人)+某地(某时)”其中there是引导词,没有词义;主语是be后面的名词, be是谓语动词,在一般现在时中be只用is和are两种形式2)There be句型中的be动词如何确定呢?请先看看下面这首歌诀:Be动词,有三个,am,is还有areThere be”真特别,不留am只留俩,那就是is还有are要用is还是are,须看其后的名词是单数还是复数若是单数或不可数名词用is,否则就用are如:①There is a tree behind the house.②There is some water(水)in the bottle(瓶子).③There are some pears in the box.(3)注意:如果“be”后的主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的名词,那么be的形式要遵循“远亲不如近邻”的原则也就是说,“be”的形式是由与它最近的那个名词来确定的若那个名词是单数或不可数名词要用is,是复数就用are如:①There is a book and some pens on the floor.②There are some pens and a book on the floor.(4)There be句型的三种句式1) 否定句There be句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样,在be后加上not即可。
例如:There are some pictures on the wall. →There aren't any pictures on the wall.There is a bike behind the tree. → There isn't a bike behind the tree.2)一般疑问句There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首,再在句尾加上问号即可但同时要注意:当肯定句中有some时,要将其改为any(否定变化也一样)例如:There is some water on Mars. → Is there any water on Mars?There are some fish in the water. →Are there any fish in the water?练习:1、1.There ________ a bed and a big wardrobe with a mirror.A.are B.were C.was D.be2、There are some children in the garden.(变为一般疑问句和否定句)there children in the garden?There children in the garden.四、冠词 a 与 an 的用法a 与 an表示“一个”。
a 用在辅音音素开头的可数名词单数前;an用在以元音音素开头的可数名词单数前例如: an apple a CD练习:“U”in the word.A a B an C the D/A a;The B a; / C the ;/ D the;Thebasketball? Let’s play basketball.A an;a B a;a C /;/ D a; /(4)I have A a B an C much D many(5)“What’s this in English ?”“It’s ”A a B the C an D /(6)It takes me hour to school every day.A a B an C the D /eraser?---Yes, I have.A an B a C the D /五、指示代词的形式与用法英语中的指示代词主要的有this(这个), that(那个), these(这些), those(那些),其中this和that为单数,these和those为复数;this和these为近指,that和those为远指 例句:This is a very useful book. 这是一本很有用的书。
I don’t like that man. 我喜欢那个人I like these and he likes those. 我喜欢这些,他喜欢那些注】在打时,通常用 this 指自己,用 that 指对方:例句:Hello. This is Mary. Is that Jim? 喂,我是玛丽,你是吉姆吗?练习:一、填空1. I like _____ pants. _______ pants are red.(这些)2. I don’t like ____ shoes. ____shoes are too small.(那些)3. I want _____(这个) sweater. I don’t want________(那个) sweater._____ (那个)is too big.二、选择 )1. __________ pen is red. ________ pencil is green.A. this, that B. These, Those C. That, Those D. This, That( )2. Is _____ a panda over there?A. this B. that C. those D. these( )3. ________two boys are Mr. Green’s sons.A. This B. These C. That D. those( )4. __________ two girls are Mary and Linda.A. This B. They C. That D. T。












