IEC-IEC白皮书：未来分布式电力的稳定电网运行（英文）.docx

Executive summaryThe electricity utility industry iscurrently undergoing the largest disruption since its inception more than a century ago. Driven by the five global factors of decarbonization, decentralization, deregulation, democratization and digitalization, a diverse set of devices involving various disruptive resources are now connected to the electricity grid - devices that are generally owned and operated by electricity customers and deployed "behind the meter". These disruptive resources are causing grid operators to rethink how the electricity grid will be managed, because unlike traditional generation sources, these resources are often invisible to the grid operator (limited visibility), outside of the control of the grid operator (limited control), characterized by hard-to-anticipate generation and consumption levels (limited predictability) and deployed without central planning (limited coordination). The challenges posed by disruptive resources are covered in Section 1 and the driving factors behind their rise in Section 2.As is the case with all disruptive innovations, following a chaotic period in which market players and technologies have been frantically searching for the optimal approach to their integration, a new equilibrium is emerging. Grid operators today are working to accommodate that new equilibrium by changing operational techniques. Market designs are allowing for a transition from a situation in which these new resources constitute problematic elements to one in which resulting devices will enable a future of cleaner, cheaper and more reliable power. To understand this future, important concepts related to managing the grid are covered in Section 3, with a number of market-based constructs for managing delivered services being covered in Section 4.In Section 5, this White Paper overviews some of the methods by which new resources are currently being incorporated in grid operations through both reliability-based and economics-based structures. Against this background, the paper then examines some of the trends determining the development of major components of the future model for grid operations, with techniques for an incentive demand-side response being covered in Section 5 and technologies which may enable such solutions the focus of Section 6. These solutions will require the use of current and new International Standards, with some of the gaps and overlaps involved being discussed in Section 7. Section 8 concludes the paper by providing recommendations to the IEC community, industry leaders and policymakers.This White Paper offers the following main conclusions:■ The drivers behind the growth of demand-side resources are expected to continue to exercise their influence, leading to a concomitant growth and penetration of innovations related to such resources.■ Grid operators will need to rely more heavily on demand-side resources in the future, with additional challenges being posed for stable grid operations if the necessary changes are not implemented.■ Success will depend on improved regulations within the distribution domain to provide accurate price signals in both wholesale and retail environments.■ New technologies supported by effective standards must be adopted to help reduce the impacts of limited visibility, limited control, limited predictability and limited coordination.eMBBenhanced mobile broadbandEMSenergy management systemERSessential reliability serviceESSenergy storage systemEVelectric vehicleEVSEelectric vehicle supply equipmentFEMSfactory energy management systemFRTfault ride-throughGCgate closureGMSgeneration management systemHEMShome energy management systemHVACheating, ventilation and air conditioningICTinformation and communication technologyHoTindustrial Internet of ThingsILRinterruptible load for reliabilityloTInternet of ThingsIOUinvestor owned utilityIPPindependent power producerISOindependent system operatorLPWANlow-power wide-area networkLSEload serving entityLVDClow voltage direct currentMEMSmicrogrid energy management systemmMTCmassive machine-type communicationsNEMOnominated electricity market operatorOATTopen access transmission tariffPEVplug-in electric vehiclePHEVplug-in hybrid electric vehiclePMUphasor measurement unitPRDprice responsive demandRESrenewable energy sourceSAsituational awarenessSBGsurplus base-load generationSCADAsupervisory control and data acquisitionSGUIsmart grid user interfaceSIDMsystem interfaces for distribution managementSTATCOMstatic synchronous compensatorSDOstandards development organizationSOsystem operatorSVCstatic VAR compensatorTOtransmission ownerTPAthird party accessTSNtime-sensitive networkTSOtransmission system operatorUFRunder-frequency relayURLLCultra-reliable low-latency communicationsVARvo。